Ubuciko bomlingisi wefilimu budlulela ngalé kwemigqa yokubamba ngekhanda: buhlanganisa ukuhlaziya, ukuzilolonga, ukuhlola, ukwenza amaphutha, nokuzama futhi kuze kube yilapho isigameko sihambisana neqiniso. Kuphrojekthi ngayinye, umlingisi uhlanganisa ukulungiselela kobuchwepheshe, ukuzwela, nokuzibophezela kumlingisi ukuze ikhamera ithwebule lokho izethameli ezidinga ukuzizwa. Endleleni, amasu okuhumusha Bayimephu; ukuqopha, indawo; futhi umphumela, umuzwa obonakala uzenzekela nakuba uklanywe ngokucophelela.
Kulesi sihloko, uzothola incazelo ecacile yokuthi umlingisi wenzani, iyiphi indlela yokulingisa ehlanganisayo, amasu anethonya elikhulu, kanye nokubheka abalingisi abahamba phambili abathathe ukuqeqeshwa kwabo bafinyelela emikhawulweni okuxoxwe ngayo kakhulu. Uzothola izimo lapho kudingidwa khona ukuthi indlela iyasiza noma iyavimbeza, kanye nelukuluku lefilimu mayelana nezindima ezimbili. Konke lokhu, nge ulwazi olusebenzayo nezibonelo lokho kuzokusiza uqonde ukuthi ukusebenza okuhle kwakhiwe kanjani.
Wenzani umlingisi wefilimu nsuku zonke?
Konke kuqala ngokufunda umbhalo nokuhlaziya umlingiswa: imigomo, izithiyo, ubudlelwano, nezimo. Ukusuka lapho, umenzi wenza imibono yokuziphatha ukuze anikeze ukuhambisana kokuthinta ngakunye negama, efuna amahange aphathekayo abavumela ukuthi baphendule ngokwemvelo. Kulesi sigaba, ukulungiselela umbhalo kanye namadrama ibeka isisekelo salokho okuzayo ekuzilolongelweni nasekuqoshweni kwezithombe.
Ukuzilolonga kusiza ukuhlola isigqi, imibhalo engezansi, nezenzo zomzimba; ezinye izindlela ziyacutshungulwa futhi izinqumo ziyahlungwa kuze kube yilapho inkundla ibambana ngaphandle kobuciko. Ngokuhambisanayo, izwi nomzimba kusetshenzelwa kukho: isichazamazwi, ukuqagela, ukuphimisela, ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, noma izinguquko ekubukekeni lapho indima ikudinga. Konke kufeza inhloso efanayo: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indaba iyahamba kanye nomlingiswa ethembekile futhi ephilayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwefilimu, umlingisi kufanele alondoloze ukuqhubeka ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba phakathi kokuthatha, ukuzivumelanisa nezimpawu zekhamera, ukukhanyisa, namakrofoni, futhi aphinde ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzola kwawo. Ikhamera ithwebula wonke ama-nuance, ngakho ukugxilisa ingqondo kubalulekile; ngisho noma bengaqophi abantu abasondelene nabo, abalingisi abahle basekela inkundla ukuze banikeze iqiniso kwabanye. Le bhalansi phakathi kwesu kanye nokuzenzakalelayo, ku-cinema, a ubuciko bokwenza amawashi.
Ngemva kokuqopha ifilimu, kungase kube nokudubhwa okwengeziwe noma umsebenzi we-ADR ukuthuthukisa imigqa nokuvumelana komsindo. Ukuphromotha nezingxoxiswano kulandela kamuva, lapho umenzi enza inqubo ibe yingqikithi ngaphandle kokuveza izimfihlo ezilimaza umlingo. Kuzo zonke izinyathelo, ukuziphatha komsebenzi nokunakekelwa kweqembu kubaluleke kakhulu njengethalente: isimo sengqondo sobuchwepheshe sibalulekile. ingxenye yencazelo.
Indlela yokwenza: kuyini nokuthi kungani ihlukanisa imibono
Uma sikhuluma ngendlela yokulingisa, sibhekisela emndenini wezinqubo ezifuna ukwenza umlingisi ahlangabezane (ngokwezinga okungenzeka ngalo) imizwelo nemicabango yomlingisi. Ngokomlando, le ndlela idonsela ku-Stanislavski System, eyahlongoza indlela eya eqinisweni laseshashalazini ngezenzo zomzimba, inkumbulo yezinzwa, nokuhlaziya okuningiliziwe. Kusukela lapho, kwavela ukuhlukahluka kanye nezikole eziye zazise umsebenzi we izizukulwane zabadlali.
Indlela yokulingisa ilethe imiphumela ekhumbulekayo, kodwa futhi idala impikiswano. Abanye emaphephandabeni nabagxeki bakubheka njengokweqile uma kubonakala kushintsha ukulingisa ngesipiliyoni sangempela esingabeka umlingisi engcupheni noma senze izisebenzi zingakhululeki. EHollywood, imisinga eminingi ihlala ndawonye: akubona bonke abamukela indlela, futhi akudingekile; kukhona abadlali abakhetha ukugxila ezenzweni ezicacile, emcabangweni, kanye nesibopho nomlingani wabo, ngaphandle kokubambelela izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zomuntu siqu.
Abahumushi bezindlela zakamuva eziyi-15 kanye noshintsho lwabo
- URobert De Niro (Umshayeli Wetekisi) Walususa ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe: wathola ilayisense yakhe yokushayela amatekisi eNew York futhi wasebenza ngomshoshaphansi, ebheke amasosha aseMelika esikhungweni sase-Italy ukuze abambe ukuziphatha kwawo. Lokhu kucwiliswa kubhebhethekise ukuziphatha kuka-Travis Bickle okuzikhathazayo kanye nesizungu ngokuqiniseka. okuphazamisayo.
- UChristian Bale (The Machinist) Kufana nokuzibophezela okuqinile ngokomzimba: wehle cishe ngo-30 kg ngokudla ngokweqile kwezithelo nokonga, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokukhathazeka abasebenzi, abamcela ukuthi ehlise ijubane. Umzimba wakhe ozacile nesimo sakhe somqondo kuhlangana esikrinini ukuze kugcinwe isithombe secala nokuqwasha okuba umphumela. ukudilizwa Umuntu.
- Kate Winslet (Umfundi) Wasebenza usuku lonke ngendlela yaseJalimane kanye nokuqina ngokomzwelo okwamzuzela i-Oscar. Yena ngokwakhe uvumile ukuthi kwamthatha izinyanga ukuthi abuyele esilinganisweni sakhe esijwayelekile ngemuva kokuhlala unogada wangaphambili wamaNazi, ubufakazi bokuthi ukufakwa ngaphakathi komlingiswa kujulile.
- U-Charlize Theron (Isilo) washintsha umzimba wakhe nokushukuma komzimba Ukuze afanekisele u-Aileen Wuornos, wakhuluphala, washintsha isikhumba sakhe ngezandlalelo ezilingisa ama-tattoo, waphuca amashiya akhe, futhi wafaka amazinyo okufakelwa alimaza ukumamatheka kwakhe. Umphumela uba umsebenzi ongokomzimba nongokomzwelo omhlukanisayo nanoma ibuphi ubukhazikhazi futhi umbeke esimweni esingcolile kakhulu.
- U-Choi Min-sik (Oldboy) Washintshana phakathi kokukhuluphala nokuncipha, wamaka isikhumba sakhe ngocingo ukuze enze i-tattoo yomlingiswa wakhe, waze wadla nengwane ephilayo endaweni yesehlakalo ephindwe izikhathi eziningana. Ukuzibophezela kwakhe kunikeza ukuthunjwa kanye nokuziphindiselela okulandelayo iqiniso lelo izethameli ezizizwa sengathi liyafezeka. umthelela oqondile.
- U-Adrien Brody (Umdlali Wepiyano) Wayeka ukunethezeka: wathengisa imoto yakhe, washiya indlu yakhe, wacisha amafoni akhe wathuthela e-Europe namapotimende amabili, waze waziqhelelanisa nomlingani wakhe. Wayefuna ukuzwa incithakalo nokusiphula, izithako ezibalulekile ukuze ahlanganise ukuphila buthule komshayi wopiyano uSzpilman no. iqiniso elimsulwa.
- UHeath Ledger (The Dark Knight) Wazihlukanisa ehhotela, wagcina idayari ye-Joker's psychology, futhi wagcina umfutho esethi ngaphandle kokuphula umlingiswa, okwahlaba umxhwele (futhi kwaphazamisa ngisho) nozakwabo. Ukwakheka kwakhe kwezinxushunxushu kanye nokumamatheka okusikayo kungenye yezinto eziningi yisakhiwo sodumo kusukela ku-cinema yakamuva.
- UJim Carrey (Indoda Enyangeni) Wahlala u-Andy Kaufman ekhamela futhi evala, elingisa i-tics yakhe, ithoni, namandla ukuze abasebenzi bezwe sengathi baphila nosomahlaya wangempela. Lokhu kuhlangana komdlali nomlingiswa kuphendule ifilimu ibe isilingo sobunikazi esinemiphumela eyimpumelelo. i-hypnotics.
- U-Hilary Swank (Abafana Abakhali) Waphila njengendoda isikhathi esithile, waze waqinisekisa omakhelwane bakhe ukuthi ‘wayenomfowabo’ owayemvakashela. Lokhu kucwiliswa kwenza ukuthinta ngakunye komlingiswa nokubukeka kuvele empilweni yansuku zonke, kunikeze izinga lobuqiniso. okuthinta.
- U-Nicolas Cage (Inyoni) Wakhishwa amazinyo amabili ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa ukuze ezwe ubuhlungu bangempela bomzimba futhi wachitha amasonto ebophe ubuso, okuhambisana nendima yakhe njengesosha elalinezibazi zeMpi YaseVietnam. Ukugembula kuqala izindleko ezibonakalayo zesipiliyoni sempi ngokuluhlaza kakhulu.
- U-Jared Leto (Iqembu Lokuzibulala) Wayeyivalile i-Joker ekhamera futhi edlala ama-macabre pranks nozakwabo, ethumela izinto eziphazamisayo njengamagundane noma izinhlamvu. Iqhinga lakhe kwakuwukusabalalisa ukungakhululeki nezinxushunxushu, izici ezazichaza i-psychology yomlingiswa wakhe ngendlela ovusa inkanuko.
- UDaniel Day-Lewis (Lincoln) Wafunda ama-biographies, walingisa umbhalo kamongameli, futhi wazisayina "Commander in Chief," ebumba izwi lakhe, ukuma, futhi wacabanga phansi kuze kufike ekugcineni. Ukucophelela kwakhe kuguqula konke ukuthinta kube yingxenye yamaphuzu omlando. uyaphila.
- I-Forest Whitaker (Inkosi Yokugcina YaseScotland) Wasebenzisa indlela yokuphimisa, i-cadence, kanye nokudla okwamsiza ukuba ahlanganise u-Idi Amin, wehlisa ukudla kwakhe kwaba ama-purees alula ukuze avumelanise umzimba nengqondo. Ubukhona bakhe kazibuthe nobuyingozi buzalwa kulo msebenzi we uguquko oluphelele.
- Michelle Williams (Blue Valentine) Wahlala nozakwabo isikhathi esingangenyanga ukuze bakhe imikhuba yabashadikazi, ezezimali zasendlini kanye nezinqubo ezincane. Okwansuku zonke kuba izinto ezimangalisayo futhi kunikeza ifilimu imvelo ebonakala sengathi imibhalo.
- I-Tom Cruise (Isibambiso) Waziqeqeshela ukuthi anganakwa: wayeletha amaphakheji njengesithunywa ngaphandle kokuqashelwa, ehlola ukucasha kwakhe kwasedolobheni. Lokho kuqeqeshwa kuhumusheka ekubeni umbulali okwazi ukuzihlanganisa nanoma ubani, umhlaseli. engabonakali phakathi kwesixuku.
Abalingisi bamanje namacala abe sematheni
Kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi akubona bonke abantu baseHollywood abalandela le ndlela, futhi empeleni, abanye bayayiphikisa, bekholelwa ukuthi ingaba isiphetho ngokwayo. Abanye bayisebenzisa kuye ngephrojekthi noma indima. Phakathi kwalolu chungechunge, labo abahlanganisa izinsiza zendlela namanye amathuluzi ukulinganisa ubuciko, impilo, kanye ukusebenzisana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lowo msebenzi uthola imiklomelo efana ne Igobolondo Eligolide.
Leonardo DiCaprio Uvame ukukhonjwa njengomlingisi osebenzisa amasu ezindlela lapho indima idinga lokho. Kuthiwa la maqhinga angase angqubuzane nezimiso ezithile zomuntu siqu, ngezinye izikhathi ezihambisana nokuzibophezela kwakhe kwezemvelo kanye nezikhundla zakhe ekudleni, kodwa lokhu akumvimbi ukuthi afune umfutho omangalisayo ukuthi indaba ngayinye ifuna.
Ngo 2016, Timothée Chalamet Ukhethe ukulethwa komuntu siqu kwethi Call Me by Your Name, encike ekulungiseleleni ngokomzimba (upiyano nolimi lomzimba) nokulalela kahle kakhulu uzakwethu, amathuluzi avame ukuhlotshaniswa nezikole zendlela futhi lapha asekela ubuthakathaka. ukukhanya.
Icala Heath Ledger Futhi i-Joker yakhe isengenye yezingxabano kakhulu, uphawu lokuthi ukucwiliswa kwengqondo kungahamba kude kangakanani. Inqubo yakhe, esivele ibuyekeziwe, ibhebhezela ingxoxo ngemingcele enempilo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa indalo. engacimeki.
Adam Driver, owaziwa ngokuziphatha kwakhe, ubeke phambili ukugxila kuze kube sezingeni lokudela izikhathi zokuhlangana nabantu phakathi nokuthwebula izithombe; i-anecdote isakaza ngesidlo sasekuseni esingabelwe no-Mark Hamill ukuze kulondolozwe ukugxila nebanga lomzwelo umlingiswa wakhe. okudingekayo.
Ngesikhathi somdlalo owedlulele, Jared Leto wenze uchungechunge lwezinqumo eziyimpikiswano ezithinte kokubili umzimba wakhe kanye nabalingani bakhe, konke lokhu ngomzamo wokuhlala abalingisi abeqisayo. Lawa maqhinga avula kabusha impikiswano mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha kusethi kanye nebhalansi phakathi kwesikhuthazo sokudala kanye inhlonipho yobungcweti.
Izindlela zokuhumusha ezibalulekile ngaphandle kwendlela
I-Stanislavski Technique
U-Konstantin Stanislavsky waveza uhlelo lokuzuza iqiniso elingokoqobo lesiteji ngokuhlaziya kanye nokwenza ngokomzimba. Umbuzo wakhe oyisiqondiso ungahlelwa ngale ndlela: Ukube bengisesimweni somlingisi, bengizokwenzenjani? Ngalesi sihluthulelo, umlingisi wakha okuhambisanayo futhi imizwa exhumene.
- Umuzwa weqiniso: hlukanisa i-organic kusukela kokwenziwa futhi ugxile kokubalulekile, uqede ama-tics angadingekile.
- Ukuphumula: khulula ukungezwani ukuze umzimba ube yisiteshi esitholakalayo nesinembayo.
- Ukugxila kanye nenkumbulo: thuthukisa ukugxila kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ngomsebenzi wenkumbulo yezinzwa nemizwa.
- Ukuxhumana nokuxhumana: ukusabela kahle kozakwethu kanye nalokho okwenzeka esiteji.
- Amayunithi wesenzo: hlukanisa umsebenzi ube yizicucu ezilawulekayo ukuze uchaze izinjongo namasu.
- Izimo ezinikezwe: qonda umongo, isikhathi kanye nobudlelwano ukuze kuthethelelwe ukuziphatha.
- Ukuhambisana: qondanisa izisusa ne-arc yomlingiswa.
- Indalo: Ungahlali ngesixazululo sokuqala; qhubeka nokuphenya ngokwethembeka.
I-Grotowski Technique
U-Jerzy Grotowski, ngemva kokutadisha i-Stanislavsky, washintsha ukugxila ekuqeqesheni umzimba kanye nokunemba komfutho. Wabheka umsebenzi womdlali njengocishe ube wucwaningo lwesayensi: ilabhorethri lapho umculi echitha khona ama-clichés futhi ethola ukuvezwa okusha. okuqondile kanye nesiko.
Ekhuthazwe yithiyetha ye-Kathakali, i-pantomime ka-Marcel Marceau noma i-biomechanics ka-Meyerhold, ubeke kuqala inqubo ngaphezu komphumela, eqonda ithiyetha njengesenzo sokunikeza izethameli. Isiteji siba isikhala se umhlatshelo leqiniso, ngokuthakasela, ukusikisela kanye nokuvuselela ingqondo.
I-Chekhov Technique
UMichael Chekhov, umfundi kaStanislavsky, wenza lula ukufinyelela imizwelo ngezithombe nezimfanelo zomzimba, ngaphandle kokuhlakanipha ngokweqile. Uhlongoze ukuthinta okungokwengqondo: ukunyakaza okuphathekayo okuhlanganisa isimo somqondo, okuvula indlela eguquguqukayo phakathi komzimba nengqondo. umcabango.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kugcizelela ukukhululeka, isimo, ubuhle, nokuphelela; imema umuntu ukuba acwebezele, agxilise ingqondo, futhi akhe isimo esibonwa izethameli ngokushesha. Ngezenzo zesenzo nokubonwayo, umlingisi ugwema ukungezwani okungadingekile futhi axhumane nomfutho wenkondlo we scene.
I-Adler Technique
KuStella Adler, ukhiye umcabango. Umlingisi kufanele andise umhlaba wakhe ngokubuka namasiko, futhi ukusuka lapho agcwalise impilo yomlingisi ngezithombe ezibambekayo. Ukwenza kudalwa ukwenza kanye nokuthethelela izenzo, hhayi ngokugingqika kuzo. imizwelo yangasese.
- Ukwenza: thembela ezenzweni ezihlongozwayo embhalweni ukuze uthole ukungqubuzana kwangempela.
- Umcabango oqeqeshiwe: buka umhlaba ukuze udale izithombe ezigqamile ezisekela inganekwane.
- Ukuqina kwengqondo: funda umongo wezenhlalo, imibono kanye nemininingwane yomsebenzi ukuze uveze izimfihlo zawo.
- Ubukhulu: ukulungiselela ngezwi kanye nomzimba ukukhulisa indaba futhi kufinyelele izethameli ngamandla.
Ngendlela yakhe, indatshana iyinkundla yokusebenzela enkulu yokwakha izithombe nezenzo; kukhona lapho okuzokhonjiswa khona kamuva ngokunemba futhi ukucaca.
I-Strasberg Technique
U-Lee Strasberg, ethonywe u-Stanislavsky, wagcizelela inkumbulo engokomzwelo: ukusebenzisa izinkumbulo zomuntu kanye nemizwelo ukuze afinyelele isimo somlingisi. Indlela yakhe ihlela amathuluzi okuvikela ukugxila futhi axhumane nesikhungo esithintekayo somlingisi. umhumushi.
- Ukuphumula: qeda ukungezwani ukuze ukhulule ukusabela kwemizwa.
- Ukugxila: sebenza ngezinto nezimo ezicupha izithombe eziwusizo kanye nemizwa.
- Ubumfihlo: phakamisa udonga lwesine lwezengqondo oluvumela ukusondelana ngokomzwelo ngisho naphambi kwezithameli noma ikhamera.
- Ukulungiswa: khetha kuphela idatha yomlingiswa ethinta ngqo umzimba wemizwa, ugweme umsindo.
- Isenzo: hlanganisa izenzo lapho ukuqonda ngokomzwelo sekuvele kuqinile.
- Izinkumbulo ezisebenzayo nezinzwayo: hlukanisa ulwazi lomlingisi kanye nemizwa ethathwe izinzwa, ihlanganise nomsebenzi.
Iminyaka eminingi, ingxoxo nomugqa ka-Adler imakwe i-pedagogy eNyakatho Melika: umcabango kanye nezenzo eziphikisana nenkumbulo egxile emoyeni. Kule ngxoxo kuvele isizukulwane esikwazi ukukhetha amathuluzi ngokuya ngephrojekthi kanye ne Personaje.
I-Meisner Technique
U-Sanford Meisner uhlongoze ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisa ukulalela okuqotho kanye nokuphendula ngokungananazi kumlingani womuntu. Umqondo oyinhloko: ukuphuma ngaphandle futhi uvumele ukunaka ukuziphatha kweqiniso kwangaphandle, ngaphandle kwamagama, okuthi ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba esho, " amanga".
- Impulses: ukuqwashisa kahle ukuze unike amandla izimpendulo eziyiqiniso.
- Ulalela: gxila komunye ukuze asabele ngendlela ephilayo.
- Ukunaka imvelo: vumela umongo ucuphe imizwa nezenzo.
- Ukuziphatha: beka phambili okwenzeka ngezansi kombhalo.
- Ukwakhiwa komuntu siqu: thuthukisa ithuluzi lakho eliyingqayizivele njengomdlali.
Empeleni, wonke amasu ahlanganyela imicu efanayo: ukuhlaziya, isenzo, kanye nokusesha iqiniso. Isihluthulelo siwukuhlanganisa izinsiza futhi wenze indlela yomuntu siqu ekuvumela ukuthi ukhanye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa impilo yakho nokuphila kahle. umdlalo wasesiteji.
I-trivia ye-movie: indima ephindwe kabili esaga se-Kill Bill
Indaba yokuziphindiselela kaMlobokazi emsebenzini kaQuentin Tarantino ihlukaniswe yaba imiqulu emibili futhi ifihla ukuvuma ngekhanda okumnandi: UMichael Parks uvela kuvolumu 1 njengo-Texas Ranger Earl McGraw futhi, kamuva, kumqulu 2, njengo-Esteban Vihaio, isibalo sikababa kaBill; ngaphezu kwalokho, uGordon Liu uhlanganisa abalingiswa ababili abahlukene kulo lonke i-saga. Lo mkhuba wokusebenzisa kabusha abadlali ezindimeni ezahlukene wengeza ukuthungwa endaweni yonke yeTarantino futhi ubungaza ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene.
Uma ubheka isithombe sonke, umsebenzi womlingisi wefilimu uwuhlelo lokuhlelwa kwesu, umcabango, nesibindi: kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kombhalo nokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba kuya ekukhetheni isikole sokulingisa, okuhlanganisa nezinqumo ezizibophezele ezifana nendlela noma izindlela eziningi zokucabanga nokuziphatha. Izibonelo ezibuyekeziwe zibonisa ukuthi ubukhulu buza lapho ukuziphatha okuhle, amathuluzi acijwe kahle, kanye nelukuluku elingapheli lokuhlala kwezinye izimpilo. iqiniso.
