Ezinyangeni zakamuva, izinkundla zokuxhumana zigcwele Amavidiyo entsha enezifihla-buso, imisila, kanye nokunyakaza kwezilwane abaziveza “njengabaTheri”. Kunokuba nje kube ihlaya noma ukufihla okwenzeka kanye kuphela, bachaza lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho njengobunikazi bangaphakathi lapho bezwa khona ukuthi ingxenye yabo, empeleni, iyisilwane esingesona esomuntu.
Lesi simo, esingase sibonakale njengenye nje imfashini ye-inthanethi edlulayo ekuqaleni, izimpande ezindala kunalokho abaningi abakucabangayo Futhi kuvusa ilukuluku, ukudideka, kanye nokukhathazeka phakathi kwemindeni nabafundisi. Ngenkathi abanye bekubona njengenye indlela yokuhlola ukuthi bangobani, abanye bayazibuza ukuthi imigqa idwetshwe kuphi phakathi kokudlala, ubuwena, kanye nempilo yengqondo.
Kusho ukuthini ukuba yi-therian futhi livelaphi leli gama?
Nakuba kuyi-biology leli gama Igama elithi “Therian” lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela eqenjini lezilwane ezincelisayo (AmaTheria, ahlanganisa ama-marsupial kanye nokhokho bawo), ukusetshenziswa kwentsha manje akunandaba kangako ne-zoology. Kulesi simo samanje, amaTheria ngabantu abathi ukuhlonza ngokwengqondo, ngokomoya, noma ngokomfanekiso nesilwane esingesona umuntu, ngaphandle kokukholelwa ukuthi imizimba yabo yenyama ayisekho ekubeni ngumuntu.
Leli gama livela ku- "i-therianthropy", eyasungulwa ngesiGreki sasendulo “therion” (isilwane noma isilwane sasendle) kanye “ne-anthropos” (umuntu)Ngokwesiko, kwakubhekisela ekhonweni lokuguquka ube yisilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zezinganekwane zezimpisi noma ezinye izidalwa ezixubile. Emphakathini wanamuhla, lokhu “kuguqulwa” kuqondakala kakhulu njenge- ulwazi lwangaphakathi lobunikazi kunoshintsho lwangempela lomzimba.
AmaTheria amaningi achaza ukuthi, nakuba azi kahle ukuthi imizimba yawo ingumuntu, anomuzwa wokuthi "umphefumulo" wawo, ingqikithi noma isofthiwe yangaphakathi Kungokwesilwane esithile. Yilokho abakubiza ngokuthi "I-theriotype": isilwane abazizwa bexhumene kakhulu naso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi impisi, ikati, impungushe, inja noma olunye uhlobo, ngokuvamile izilwane ezincelisayo.
Ngokusho kweziqondisi eziku-inthanethi ezivela emphakathini uqobo, lokhu kuzibonakalisa ngokuvamile Kuqala ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-16.Kwabanye abasebasha, kuhlala kuyisigaba sokuhlola esigcina sinyamalale; kwabanye, kuba yinto ezinzile abayibheka njengengxenye ebalulekile yalokho abayikho.
Isenzakalo esizalwe ku-inthanethi esivele sigxumela ezigcawini manje
Nakuba ukugqama kwabezindaba sekufikile manje, inhlangano yeTherian Akuzange kuqale ku-TikTokImvelaphi yayo isukela emuva ku- Iminyaka yama-90 kumaforamu e-Usenet namaqembu ezindaba, njengodumile izimpisi ezisabekayoLeso sikhala, ekuqaleni esasihloselwe abalandeli bezindaba ze-werewolf, sagcina sesiyindawo yokuhlangana yabantu ababethi bazizwa njengezimpisi ezingeni elingokomoya noma elingokwengqondo, hhayi eliyinganekwane.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umphakathi wathuthuka. "Izimpisi" ezingokomfanekiso zayeka ukuvela zaqala ukufaka... amakati, amakati amakhulu, izinja, izimpungushe, amabhere, izinyoni, noma ngisho nezilwane ezihuquzelayoNgakho-ke igama elithi "therian" lasungulwa futhi ubunikazi obuhlanganyelwe bahlanganiswa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kumabhulogi, nakumawebhusayithi akhethekile, asebenza njenge izindawo ezingaziwa zokushintshana ngolwazi.
Intuthuko esuka emasikweni angaphansi kwezamasiko amaningi iza namanethiwekhi afana nalawa I-TikTok, i-Instagram noma i-YouTubeAma-algorithms avame ukukhuthaza okuqukethwe okukhangayo, futhi zimbalwa izinto ezidala ukusabela okuningi njengokubona iqembu labantu abasha. ukugijima ngezinyawo ezine, enemisila ethambile kanye nezifihla-buso zezilwane phakathi nepaki. Lokho okwakuvame ukuba semaforamu manje sekusakazwa ezikrinini eziyizigidi.
ELatin America —ikakhulukazi e- I-Argentina, iMexico, i-Uruguay, iChile noma iPeru— lesi simo besilokhu sisakazwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana isikhathi esithile. EYurophu, ikakhulukazi eSpain, ukuba khona kwaso kwakuyimfihlo futhi kunengqondo, kodwa ezinyangeni zamuva nje kuye kwanda. imihlangano yomphakathi ezigcawini, ezingadini nasemapaki.
Amadolobha afana Girona, Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Valencia noma A Coruña Lezi zindawo sezivele zibambe imibuthano ehlelwe ngeTikTok kanye nezinye izinkundla. Isibonelo, e-A Coruña, intsha evela enhlanganweni ethi "Therian" yamenywa engadini yaseMéndez Núñez ukuze "idlale" futhi "igxume," naphezu - ngokusho kwabahleli - kwenzondo nokugxekwa abakutholile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Omunye umbuthano umenyezelwe eVigo, kanti umbuthano eLugo ukhanseliwe ngenxa yezinsongo ezisolwayo.
Kunjani ukuba yiTherian: imaski, ama-quadrobics, kanye "nama-shift"
Kulabo abayingxenye yenhlangano, ukuba yiTherian kuyenzeka nsuku zonke njengengxube ye ubunikazi bangaphakathi kanye nolimi lomzimbaAkukhona ukugqoka izingubo ezivamile ngaso sonke isikhathi: abaningi baphila impilo "ejwayelekile" ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwesikole, baya ekilasini noma emsebenzini, futhi baxhumana nabanye njenganoma ubani omunye.
Lokho kuxhumana kwezilwane kubonakala kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, okubizwa ngumphakathi “ukushintsha” (izinguquko)Phakathi nalezo ziqephu, bathi bayaqaphela ukulungiswa kwezinzwa zabo, imizwa, noma indlela yokucabanga maqondana nesilwane sabo: uqaphile kakhulu, unamahloni kakhulu, udlala kakhulu, noma indawo eningi, kuye ngokuthi kwenzekani. Akusho ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana neqiniso, kodwa kunalokho ushintsho ekugxileni kwangaphakathi.
Ukuze bahumushe lokho okuhlangenwe nakho kube yindawo ebonakalayo, abaningi basebenzisa Izimaski ezenziwe ngezandla, izindlebe, imisila, amahhanisi noma izingubo ezinezinhle zezilwaneAbanye bathatha isinyathelo esingaphezulu futhi bazijwayeze ama-quadrobicKuyindlela yokugxuma nokunyakaza kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine okuhlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nesici esithile sokusebenza. Zivame ukubonakala emihlanganweni. ukugoba, ukugijima, ukukhasa, ukugxuma phezu kwezithiyo, noma ukuxhumana ngokunyakaza komzimba nemisindo ezihambisana nezilwane zabo.
Naphezu kwesithombe esimibalabala nesikhangayo, ingxenye yomphakathi iphikelela ukuthi Akukhona konke mayelana nombukisoAbanye abantu abasebenzisa izesekeli kalula futhi baphila lobu buntu ngasese, ngaphandle kokuqopha amavidiyo. Abanye bazihlela "ngamaqembu" ukuze baxoxe, babelane ngolwazi, futhi bathole indawo lapho bezizwa bengahlulelwa khona.
Ngaphandle kwesikhala esibonakalayo, i-inthanethi ihlala iyisisekelo. Amaforamu, amabhulogi, amawebhusayithi olwazi, kanye nama-wiki akhethekile—ngezinye izikhathi axhumene ne-inthanethi noma ahlobene eduze nayo—konke kubalulekile. abalandeli abanoboya, njenge-WikiFur—isebenza njengesizinda solwazi kanye nenkundla yokusekelana. Lapho, imiqondo iyachazwa, imibuzo yabelwana ngayo, futhi kwenziwa imizamo yokuthola izixazululo. ukubeka amazwi kokuhlangenwe nakho abaningi abakuphile kusukela ebuntwaneni noma ngaphambi kobusha.
AmaTheria, uboya obuhlukile kanye nomehluko 'noboya'
Ngaphakathi kwale ndawo yonke, ama-theria ayingxenye yeqembu elikhulu elaziwa ngokuthi “otherkin”Ngokusho kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseCatalan uCristina Agud, leli gama lihlanganisa abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Umuzwa wobuwena awusiwo nje umuntu kuphela. futhi abazihlobanisa, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, nolunye uhlobo noma ngisho nezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke i-Therianism ingaba yiqembu elincane eligxile ezilwaneni zangempela.
U-Agud ngokwakhe ukhomba ukuthi umphakathi we-otherkin eziningi kakhulu kunalokho okubonakalaKodwa ukwesaba ukwenqatshwa kubangela abaningi ukuba bathule ngalesi sici sabo. i-inthanethi isibe isiteshi esiyinhloko ukuxhumana nokudala amanethiwekhi okusekela, ngaphandle kwezigaba ezicacile noma isakhiwo esisemthethweni, kodwa ngezinkundla ezincane namakhasi ahlakazekile.
Ukudideka okuvamile yilokho okuhlanganisa ama-therian nama-therian “ama-furries”Nakuba zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ochwepheshe kanye nemiphakathi uqobo bagcizelela lokho azifani. I abalandeli abanoboya Kuyisiko elisekelwe othandweni lwe- abalingiswa bezilwane abaphila nabantungokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa namahlaya, amakhathuni, imidlalo yevidiyo noma imifanekiso.
Ezweni elinoboya, abahlanganyeli bavame ukudala ama-avatar noma izinhlamvu (ama-fursona) abazihlanganisa nawo ekuzilibaziseni nasebucikoni, futhi bangagqoka izingubo eziphelele. Kodwa lokhu, bachaza, umdlalo wokuzilibazisa, isikhathi sokuzilibazisa, noma uhlobo lokuveza ubucikoLokhu akusho ukuthi bakholelwa ngokoqobo ukuthi bayiso leso silwane. Njengoba kunjalo nge-cosplayer, bathatha indima "engasuswa" ekugcineni kosuku.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-therian achaza ulwazi lwawo njengo- ubuwena obujulile nobuqhubekayoakuncishiswa kube ubuhle. Bangase basebenzise izifihla-buso noma imisila, kodwa into ebalulekile bayibheka njengesipiliyoni sangaphakathi: umuzwa wokuthi bona uqobo lwabo luhambisana nezici zesilwane sabo, noma ngabe bagqoke izingubo zasemgwaqweni futhi akekho owaziyo.
Ingabe ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma indlela yokuhlola ubuwena?
Iningi lempikiswano yomphakathi limayelana nokuthi ngabe ubu-therianism kufanele bubhekwe njengobuphi inkinga engokwengqondo noma njengenye yezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ubuwena ebuntwaneni. Lapha, iningi lochwepheshe ababoniswa emithonjeni yezindaba ehlukahlukene bayaqaphela: Akukho ukuxilongwa okuqondile kwezokwelapha. "Isidalwa esibizwa ngokuthi iTherian" asibonakali njengesifo ezincwadini zezifo zengqondo.
Ngenkathi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akubanga ukuhlupheka okukhulu, akulimazi impilo yansuku zonke, futhi akuphelezelwa izimpawu zengqondoIzazi zengqondo zivame ukukuqonda njengendlela yokwakha ubuwena kanye nokubonakaliswa okungokomfanekiso. Nokho, ziyahlukanisa phakathi kwesimo senhlalo se-therianism nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-clinical therianthropy", isimo sengqondo esingavamile kakhulu lapho umuntu ekholelwa khona ngokoqobo ukuthi usephenduke isilwane, futhi akasakwazi ukuxhumana neqiniso.
Ezinye izifundo zemfundo, njengalezo ezicashunwe abacwaningi ezifana UHelen Clegg, uRoz Collings noma u-Elizabeth C. RoxburghBakhomba ukuthi kuvamile ukubathola emiphakathini yama-therian abantu abanezinzwa ezahlukeneIsibonelo, ngaphakathi kwe-autism spectrum noma nge-ADHD. Kulezo zimo, ukuhlonza isilwane kungasebenza njenge indlela yokuhumusha nokuphatha umhlaba wezenhlalo obonakala unzima kakhulu.
Eminye imisebenzi, njengethi “Speaking of Elves, Dragons, and Werewolves: Narrative Hermeneutics and Other-than-Human Identities,” igcizelela ukuthi akudingeki kube yisifo. Iphakamisa ukuthi intsha eningi isebenzise lobu buntu obuhlukile ukuze badale izindaba zabo zokuphila, bazihlukanisa kancane nomphakathi lapho bezizwa bengahlangene kahle khona.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Amaya Prado, uchwepheshe wezingane kanye nentsha, uchaze engxoxweni ukuthi asibhekene "nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo uqobo," kodwa sibhekene indlela engokomfanekiso yokufuna ubuwena kanye nokuba yingxenyeUveza ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wezokwelapha nalaba bantu abasha uzogxila ekuqiniseni ukuzethemba, ukulawula imizwa kanye nokwakhiwa kobunikazi obuhlanganisiwe, kunokuba "baphulukise" iqiniso lokuthi bazizwa besondelene nesilwane.
Isizukulwane se-Alpha, i-hyperdigitalization, kanye nokusesha umphakathi
Ngale kwaleli gama, ukwanda kwamanje kwama-therian kuhlelwe ngaphakathi komongo obanzi: ukuqhuma kobunikazi obusha enkathini yedijithaliEmashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izingxoxo mayelana nobulili, ukuthambekela kobulili, kanye nezindlela zokuphila emhlabeni ziye zanda. Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, ubu-therianism bungaba uhlobo "lokusonta" kulo mzila ofanayo wokuhlola ubuwena.
Abanye ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi intsha ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo evela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-alpha (ezalwe kusukela ngo-2010 kuqhubeke, cishe), zisebenzisa ubunikazi besilwane njengesilwane indlela yokuzivikela ekushintsheni kwedijithaliBebhekene nendawo egcwele izikrini, ingcindezi yomphakathi kanye nokuvezwa njalo, ukuphephela emcabangweni wemvelo engokwemvelo nelula kungabaduduza.
Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi lesi simo siphendula esidingweni esiyisisekelo: ukuzizwa uyingxenye yomphakathiIningi lalaba abasebasha lizichaza njengabantu abangafaneleki, abanamahloni, noma abahlukunyezwayo endaweni yabo evamile. “Ezixukwini” ze-therian, bathola indawo lapho izinto zabo ezingavamile ziba yinto evamile, lapho Ukuba yingxenye yeqembu kunesisindo esingaphezu kokwahlulela kwabanye.Lokho akubavimbeli ukuthi baqhubeke nokuthola imibono enenzondo noma engaqondakali ngaphandle kweqembu.
Izifundo ezitholakalayo zibonisa ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, laba bantu abasha Bayakwazi ngokuphelele ukuziphatha njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuntu noma nini lapho befuna. Yingakho abacwaningi bevame "ukuyisusa ekwelapheni" le nto futhi bayibone njenge- ukukhetha isiko noma ubuwena, kanye nezingozi zayo kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona, njengesifo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli qiniso liphakamisa imibuzo engakhululekile ngomphakathi wanamuhla: yini engalungile kwabanye abantu abasha? Bazizwa bamukelekile kakhulu ngokuziphatha njengezilwane eqenjini. kunasezindaweni zemfundo evamile, zomndeni, noma zomphakathi? Kubabhali abaningana, ukulahleka kwamaphuzu ajwayelekile okubhekisela kuwo ngokuba yingxenye—njengenkolo noma izakhiwo ezithile zomndeni—kushiye isikhala esigcwaliswe kancane manje yimiphakathi eku-inthanethi.
Abazali, izikole, kanye nezimpikiswano ezinkundleni zokuxhumana
Umthelela wabezindaba walesi simo uhambisane ukungezwani okukhulu ezinkundleni zokuxhumanaNgakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona labo abasondela kuyo ngelukuluku noma ngozwelo futhi bayichaze njengendlela yokudala yokuziveza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-meme, ukuhleka usulu, kanye nemiyalezo yenzondo eqondiswe entsheni ehlanganyela kule mihlangano igcwele.
Abazali abaningi bazizwa bedidekile lapho bebona izingane zabo ukugqoka izifihla-buso, ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezine, noma ukuziveza njengezimpisi namakati ku-TikTok. Izazi zengqondo ezifana no-Amaya Prado zincoma ukungasabeli ngokwesaba noma ngezijeziso ezingalingani, ngoba lokho kuvame ukuqinisa kakhulu ukuziphatha kakade sebephule iziteshi zokuxhumana.
Iseluleko sakhe sihilela Hlala uzolile, lalela, futhi ubuze imibuzo. Yini ebanikeza yona, yiziphi izidingo ezingase zigcwaliseke, futhi ingabe kukhona ubunzima kwezinye izindawo zokuphila kwabo—ezemfundo, ezenhlalo, noma ezomndeni—okufanele kubhekwane nabo? Uma ukukhathazeka kuqhubeka, basikisela ukubonisana nochwepheshe ukuze bahlolwe ngabanye.
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, lesi simo sivula ingxoxo mayelana Indlela yokuphatha lezi zinkulumo ezikoleniAbanye othisha baveza ukukhathazeka ngokuthi kungenzeka kube nezingxabano phakathi kwabafundi noma umthelela wokuhlalisana ndawonye, kanti abanye bakhuthaza indlela yokuhloniphana ehambisana nemingcele ecacile yokugqoka, ukuziphatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivamile.
Kunoma ikuphi, ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi kuyalulekwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe okweqile okusabalala kakhulu Futhi okwenzekayo ngempela empilweni yansuku zonke yalezi zingane. Ividiyo eyenzelwe ukuveza imibono ayifani nendlela umuntu osemusha azizwa ngayo uma kungekho amakhamera eduze.
Isenzakalo se-therian sihlanganisa ukucindezeleka okuningi kwesikhathi sethu: Ukufuna ubuwena ebuntwaneni, ithonya lamanethiwekhi okuxhumana nabantu, ukubaluleka kwemiphakathi ehlukile, kanye nokwesaba komphakathi ngalokho okubonwa njengokungajwayelekile.Esikhundleni sokuhlasela izingane ezicabanga ukuthi ziyizilwane ngokoqobo, lokho ucwaningo olubonakala lukukhombisa iqembu elihlukahlukene lentsha elizama ukuthola indawo yalo ezweni elishintshayo, lisebenzisa ulimi—ngezinye izikhathi oludidayo—lwamasiko edijithali nezilwane zalo ezingokomfanekiso.
