I-Los Amacala okuqala odenga eCórdoba Manje seziyiqiniso futhi seziqalile ukuxwayisa iziphathimandla zezempilo zesifundazwe. Nakuba okwamanje lokhu kutholakala kuhlobene nokuhambela kwamanye amazwe hhayi ukudluliselwa kwaleli gciwane endaweni, lesi simemezelo sifika phakathi nenkathi eshisayo nenomswakama, lapho nje umiyane uvela. Aedes aegypti thola izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokwandisa.
Ngokusho kwemibiko esemthethweni evela ku- UMnyango Wezempilo waseCórdobaAmacala aqinisekisiwe yindoda enesifo sohudo kanye nowesifazane one-chikungunya, bobabili abadala abanomlando wokuvakashela kwamanye amazwe. Bobabili belashwe ngaphandle kwesibhedlela futhi bayalulama kahle, kuyilapho uhlelo lokuqapha izifo luqiniswa futhi imizamo yokuvimbela iqiniswa kuso sonke isifundazwe.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwamacala okuqala e-dengue kanye ne-chikungunya eCórdoba
UMnyango wezeMpilo wesifundazwe ubike ngokutholakala kwe- amacala amabili okuqala esiziniEsinye isifo kwaba umkhuhlane we-dengue, kanti esinye kwaba yi-chikungunya. Zombili zahlukaniswa njenge amacala angenisiwengoba abantu abathintekile basanda kuhamba baye ezindaweni lapho la magciwane esakazeka khona.
Icala le-dengue labhaliswa ku- Indoda eneminyaka engu-50 ubudala, isakhamuzi saseRío Terceroowayebuyile ohambweni oluya I-MéxicoIziphathimandla zichaze kabanzi ukuthi isiguli sasingenalo irekhodi lokugonyelwa udenga, nokuthi saqala ukubonisa izimpawu ezifanayo ngemuva nje kokubuyela kuleli lizwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiqephu se-chikungunya sihambisana ne- Owesifazane oneminyaka engu-47 ubudala, ohlala eMonte Cristo, enomlando wokuvakasha e- CubaNgemva kokubonisa izimpawu ezihambisanayo, welashwa esikhungweni sezempilo, lapho ukuxilongwa kwaqinisekiswa khona ngezifundo zelebhu ezifanele.
Kuzo zombili izimo, Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlela.ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela. UMnyango Wezempilo ugcizelele ukuthi ukuvela kwezokwelapha kube kuhle, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, nokuthi abantu abathintekile bahlala bengaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuqapha izifo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuba khona kungenzeka ukuthi kube necala lesibili le-chikungunya edolobheni laseCórdoba, okuhlaziywe kwakhe kwathunyelwa ku Isikhungo saseMalbrán ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Ngesikhathi kusalindelwe imiphumela, izinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela sezivele ziqalisiwe endaweni lapho umuntu ophenywayo ehlala khona.
Ukulawula ukuqubuka kwesifo kanye nezenzo zokuqapha izifo
Ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kwala macala okuqala, uhulumeni wesifundazwe wavula ngokushesha imisebenzi yokulawula ukuqubuka kwesifo ngokubambisana nomasipala kusukela eRío Tercero, eMonte Cristo, kanye nasedolobheni laseCórdoba. Lezi zenzo ziyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela omiyane abadlulisela izifo ekutholeni izimo zokusabalalisa igciwane.
Ukuvimba ukugxila kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwezindawo zokuzalela ze-Aedes aegypti eduze kwemizi yabantu abathintekile, ukuhlolwa kwamagceke nezindawo ezivamile, kanye nokusetshenziswa izinambuzane ezindaweni ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi ezitsheni ezingaqoqa amanzi.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eyenziwa endaweni, uMnyango uqinise ukubhekwa kwe-epidemiologicalLokhu kuhilela ukulandelela othintana nabo eduze kanye nokuzwela okukhulu ekutholakaleni kwezimpawu ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi nezizimele. Umgomo uwukuhlonza noma yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi bese uphula uchungechunge lokudlulisela.
Lezi zinyathelo ziyingxenye yesu elibanzi lokulawula izifo ezithwalwa omiyane, okuhlanganisa nezinye izifo ezingama-arbovirus ezifana I-Zika ne-ChikungunyaImihlangano elandelayo ihlaziya ukuvela kwamacala, isimo sezulu kanye nokusabela kwezinsizakalo zezempilo emnyangweni ngamunye wesifundazwe.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi, okwamanje, Akukho ukudluliswa kwe-dengue endaweni okutholiwe eCórdoba ezihambisana nalezi zimo ezingenisiwe, kodwa bagcizelela ukuthi isimo singashintsha ngokushesha uma umiyane uthola izimo ezifanele futhi inani labantu linciphisa ukuqapha ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Ukugonyelwa i-dengue: ubani ongayithola futhi kuphi
Elinye lamathuluzi ayinhloko esu lezempilo yi- umkhankaso wokugomela udengaokusasebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene zesifundazwe. Ukugoma kuhloswe ngakho abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 no-59 ubudala abahlala ku- Iminyango eyi-13 ebekwe phambili nguMnyango Wezempilo.
Le minyango yile: Inhloko-dolobha, uColón, uGeneral San Martín, uMarcos Juárez, uPunilla, uRío Cuarto, uRío Segundo, iSan Alberto, iSan Javier, iSan Justo, iSanta María, iTercero Arriba kanye ne-UniónLezi yizindawo lapho, ngenxa yobuningi babantu, izici zesimo sezulu kanye nomlando wezifo, ingozi yokutheleleka ibhekwa njengephezulu.
Uhlelo oluhlongozwayo ludinga ukusetshenziswa kwe imithamo emibili, ngesikhawu se izinyanga ezintathu phakathi kwenyanga ngayinyeImithi yokugoma iyatholakala e- izibhedlela ezinkulu zesifundazwe womnyango ngamunye kanye nasezindaweni ezahlukene izikhungo zezempilo zikamasipala, mahhala kubantu abaqondiwe.
UMnyango wezeMpilo ugcizelela ukubaluleka ukugoma kufanele kuqale ngalesi sikhathi sonyakalapho inani lomiyane liphezulu kakhulu. Umuthi wokugoma awuvimbeli ngokuphelele ukutheleleka, kodwa uyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu futhi kuncishiswe umthwalo ohlelweni lwezempilo.
Endabeni yendoda eyatholakala inesifo sohudo eRío Tercero, iziphathimandla zagcizelela ukuthi Angizange ngibe nesimiso sokugomaLokhu kuphinde kugqamise ukubaluleka kwaleli thuluzi lokuvimbela, ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlala noma abahamba njalo ezindaweni ezinegciwane eliningi.
I-dengue idluliselwa kanjani futhi yiziphi izimpawu zayo?
Ngokusho kwezincazelo ze- I-World Health Organization (WHO)I-Dengue igciwane elibangelwa yizinhlobo ezine ezahlukene ze-serotypes (i-DEN 1, i-DEN 2, i-DEN 3 kanye ne-DEN 4), ezidluliselwa ngokulunywa yi- omiyane besifazane abanegciwane i-Aedes, ikakhulukazi Aedes aegyptiLesi sifo sivame kakhulu e- isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kanye nasezindaweni ezisemadolobheni amancane.
Ngemva kokulunywa umiyane onegciwane, igciwane lihamba nge- isikhathi sokufukamela esiphakathi kwezinsuku ezi-4 neziyi-10Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, izimpawu zivame ukuvela, ezimweni eziningi ezihlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 nezingu-7. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, kanye nezinye izimpawu zomtholampilo ezinamandla ahlukahlukene zingabonakala.
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane omkhulu (cishe ama-40°C)ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukungakhululeki ngemuva kwamehloUbuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ama-lymph node avuvukele, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukuqubuka kwesikhumbaUkuhlanganiswa kwalezi zimpawu kufanele kuholele ekubonweni kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi awekho yini umkhuhlane we-dengue noma ezinye izifo.
Abantu abanalesi sifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banezimpawu noma abanazo izimpawu, benza njengabo izindawo zokugcina amagciwaneUma umiyane i-Aedes uluma umuntu onegciwane, ungalithola igciwane futhi, ngemva kwesikhathi sokufukamela ngaphakathi, ulidlulisele kwabanye abantu oliluma kamuva.
Umuntu onegciwane ubhekwa njengokwazi idlulisela igciwane komiyane isikhathi esiphakathi kwezinsuku ezi-4 nezingu-12 kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, inhlanganisela ukuqapha kwezokwelapha, ukuvikelwa ekulunyweni kanye nokulawulwa komiyane Lokhu kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusabalala.
Umiyane i-Aedes aegypti kanye nokuba khona kwawo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni
I-vector ephethe ukudluliselwa kwe-dengue, Aedes aegyptiUngumiyane ojwayelene kakhulu ne- izindawo zasemadolobheniNgokuvamile izala ezitsheni zokwenziwa lapho amanzi eqoqana khona, njengamabhakede, izigubhu, amathayi, izimbiza zezimbali, imishini yokunisela izilwane, noma imisele evalekile.
Ngokungafani nezinye izimiyane eziluma kakhulu ebusuku, i-Aedes aegypti Iyadla emini (Kungani isifiso segazi sikhula?), kanye nemisebenzi eqongelelayo ekuseni kakhulu nantambama kakhulu, ngaphambi nje kokuhwalala. Ngesikhathi ngasinye sokudla, insikazi ingakwazi ukugwaza abantu abaningana, okwandisa amathuba okudluliswa kwegciwane.
Amaqanda alo miyane amelana kakhulu: angakwazi hlala womile isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka (bheka umjikelezo wokuphila komiyanefuthi zichanyuselwe ngokushesha nje lapho ziphinde zithinta amanzi. Leli khono lisho ukuthi izindawo zokuzalela zihlala zisebenza ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside ngaphandle kwemvula, uma izitsha lapho zibekwe khona zingalahlwanga kahle.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, imikhankaso yokuvimbela igcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukususwa kwanoma yikuphi ukuqongelela kwamanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya. Igceke elinezinto ezilahliwe, izitsha ezingamboziwe, noma imisele yamanzi evalekile ingaba indawo ekahle yokuzalela omiyane, ngaphandle kokuqaphela muntu.
Ezindaweni ezinomlando we-dengue noma ezinezimo zemvelo ezilungele umiyane, imisebenzi yokususa izindawo ezingase zizalele, ukuhlanza nokulawula izitsha kumele yenziwe endaweni ephephile. okungaguquki kanye nokuxhumanahhayi nje kuphela lapho kubhekene namacala aqinisekisiwe.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ezinconywe yiziphathimandla kanye ne-WHO
Iziphathimandla zezempilo zaseCórdoba, ngokuvumelana nezincomo ze- WHOBagxila ekuhlanganisweni kwe izinyathelo zemvelo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela umuntu siqu ukunciphisa ingozi ye-dengue, i-Zika, kanye ne-chikungunya. Umyalezo oyinhloko ukuthi ukuvimbela kuqala ekhaya nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
Izincomo ze-WHO zifaka phakathi ukuvimbela omiyane ekutholeni izindawo zokubeka amaqanda aboLokhu kuhilela ukuhlela izindawo, ukuguqula indawo yasekhaya, kanye nokususa izindawo ezingase zibe khona zokuzalela. Esinye sezihluthulelo... phatha imfucuza eqinile ngendlela efaneleukususa izitsha, amathayi nezinye izinto ezingagcina amanzi emvula.
Kuyalulekwa futhi Mboza, uhlanze futhi uhlanze izitsha zokugcina amanzi masonto onke Ukuze kusetshenziswe ekhaya, izitsha ezifana namathangi, imigqomo, noma amadramu ziyafaneleka. Ezimweni lapho amanzi kufanele ahlale ngaphandle, okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa: izinambuzane ezithile Uma unamabhodlela, landela njalo imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ngokuphephile.
Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, izinyathelo zokuzivikela komuntu siqu okufanele uzazi indlela yokugwema ukulunywa omiyane iba yisisekelo: ukusetshenziswa amanetha omiyane eminyango nasemafasiteleniizingubo ezinemikhono emide, ukusetshenziswa izithiyo Izindlela ezigunyaziwe zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-mosquito coil noma ama-vaporizers kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphathwe ngama-insecticide. Zonke lezi zinyathelo kumele zigcinwe, ikakhulukazi emini, lapho omiyane be-Aedes aegypti besebenza kakhulu.
I-WHO iphinde igcizelele isidingo sokuthi khuthaza ukuzibandakanya komphakathiukuze yonke indawo ihileleke ekulawuleni omiyane. Ezimweni zokuqubuka kwesifo, izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo zingangezwa: kufakwe izibulala-zinambuzane ezindaweni ezibucayi, yize zihlala ziwumphelelisi wemisebenzi yokuqeda izindawo zokuzalela hhayi njengesixazululo sodwa.
Ukuvimbela ekhaya kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokuhamba
UMnyango Wezempilo wesifundazwe ugcizelela ukuthi izindawo eziningi zokuzalela ze-Aedes zitholakala indawo yasekhaya kanye nendawo ezungezileNgakho-ke, itusa uchungechunge lwezenzo ezilula kodwa ezihambisanayo ezingenza umehluko ekulawuleni omiyane.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zasekhaya yilezi: Susa zonke izitsha ezingasetshenziswanga eziqoqa amanzi, gcina amapatio nezingadi ezihlanzekile nezihlanziweHlola amapayipi kanye nemisele yamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza kahle futhi awami, bese ujika ubheke phansi noma umboze noma yiziphi izinto ezingenakulahlwa.
Kuyalulekwa futhi Hlanza izindawo zokunisela izilwane nsuku zonkeukuxubha izindonga zangaphakathi ukuze kususwe noma yimaphi amaqanda anamathele, kanye nokugcwalisa kabusha izitsha zezitshalo nezimbiza ezinesihlabathi esimanziUma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa isihlabathi, kunconywa ukushintsha amanzi nsuku zonke bese ugeza izitsha ngokucophelela.
Kulabo abahlela ukuya e- izindawo ezishisayo noma izifunda ezisakazwa yi-dengue, i-chikungunya noma i-zikaIzincomo zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa kakhulu izinto zokuxosha omiyane, ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala enezinethi zomiyane noma umoya opholile, kanye nokugwema ukuchayeka ngaphandle ngezikhathi zomsebenzi womiyane omatasa kakhulu.
Uma kuvela izimpawu ngemuva kohambo ezifana nokuthi umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bemisipha noma bamalunga, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma ukuqubukaIziphathimandla zezempilo zincoma ukuya esikhungweni sezempilo esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu bese ubika izindawo ezivakashelwe. Lolu lwazi luyisihluthulelo ekuqondiseni ukuxilongwa kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqapha uma kudingeka.
Isimo sesexwayiso esilawulwayo kanye nokubaluleka kokungavumeli ukuqapha kwethu
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe- Amacala okuqala e-dengue kanye ne-chikungunya eCórdoba Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphakathi komongo wesifunda wokwanda kwezifo ezithwalwa omiyane, okudinga ukuqapha isimo eduze. Okwamanje, lawa ngamacala angenisiwe, lapho iziguli zingasekho engozini futhi zingadingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kodwa iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema izinkinga iwukuba ungakuyekeli ukuqapha.
Phakathi kokuqapha okwengeziwe, imikhankaso yokugoma abantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-59 eminyangweni ebaluleke kakhulu, kanye nemizamo yokunqanda ukuqubuka kwesifo ngokubambisana nomasipala, uhlelo lwezempilo luzama ukubikezela ukwanda okungenzeka kwezifo. Ukubambisana kwezakhamizi—ngokuqeda izindawo zokuzalela, ukusebenzisa imithi yokuxosha, kanye nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi uma kuvela izimpawu—kuba yinto ebalulekile njengezenzo ezisemthethweni zokugcina udenga lulawulwa esifundazweni.
