Ekhulwini lama-21, sikhuluma nge amakhono edijithali Akuseyona inketho, cishe kuyinto edingekayo. Kusukela endleleni esifuna ngayo ulwazi ku-inthanethi kuya endleleni esisebenza ngayo, esifunda ngayo, noma esixhumana ngayo nabanye, izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke zijikeleza ezikrinini, amapulatifomu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinga eliphansi lobuchwepheshe.
Ukwazi la makhono akukhona nje ukwazi ukusebenzisa ifoni yakho ephathekayo, i-imeyili, noma izinkundla zokuxhumana. hamba ngokuphepha, ukwahlulela okuhle kanye nokuzimela Esimweni sedijithali esishintsha ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amathuba ngaphandle kokuzibeka engcupheni, futhi ukwenza kanjalo ngenkathi uhlonipha umthetho, izimiso zokuziphatha, kanye nokusimama.
Ayini amakhono edijithali, ngempela?
Uma sikhuluma ngamakhono edijithali, sibhekisela ku- iqoqo lolwazi, amakhono kanye nesimo sengqondo ezivumela ukusetshenziswa okuphephile, okubucayi, nokudala kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ezimweni ezahlukene: umsebenzi, imfundo, impilo yomphakathi, kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu. Akukhona nje "ukwazi ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha," kodwa mayelana nokuqonda uhlelo lwedijithali kanye nokulusebenzisa ngempumelelo.
Incazelo esabalele eYurophu ichaza bona ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa okubucayi nokuphephile kobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana ngomsebenzi, ezokungcebeleka kanye nokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wolwazi: ukuthola, ukuhlola, ukugcina, ukukhiqiza, ukwethula, ukwabelana kanye nokulusebenzisa kumanethiwekhi okubambisana aku-inthanethi.
Lawa makhono ayingxenye ye amakhono ayisishiyagalombili ayisihluthulelo okufunda impilo yonke futhi zibhekwa njengezibalulekile ekubambeni iqhaza ngokugcwele emphakathini wanamuhla, ogcwele ukwenziwa kwedijithali cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha noma imisebenzi.
Ngaphandle kwezici zobuchwepheshe kuphela, ikhono ledijithali liphinde libandakanye izimo zengqondo zomuntu siqu namasuIlukuluku lokufunda amathuluzi amasha, ukucabanga okubucayi ngalokho esikusebenzisa ku-inthanethi, umthwalo wemfanelo lapho sabelana ngolwazi, kanye nokuqwashisa ngomthelela wobuchwepheshe ku- inhlalakahle yomzimba nengqondo kanye nemvelo.
Uhlaka lwe-European DigComp kanye nezindawo zalo
Ukuze kuhlelwe le nsimu, i-European Union ithuthukise Uhlaka Lokusebenza Kwedijithali lwaseYurophu (i-DigComp)Lolu hlaka lusebenza njengereferensi yokuklama izinqubomgomo, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, ukuhlolwa, kanye nezitifiketi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Lukhomba izindawo ezinhlanu ezinkulu ezihlanganisa amakhono athile angu-21.
Indawo yokuqala enkulu igxile ku- ulwazi, ulwazi kanye nokucubungula idathaKuhlanganisa amakhono anjengokwazi ukusesha iwebhu, ukukhetha imithombo ethembekile, ukuhlela idatha nokuhlola ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyafaneleka yini, kuyashesha futhi kusezingeni, ukugwema ukuwela emanga noma ulwazi oludukisayo.
Indawo yesibili yilena ukuxhumana kanye nokubambisana ezindaweni zedijithaliLokhu kufaka phakathi amakhono afana nokuxhumana ngempumelelo ku-inthanethi, ukwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza, ukusebenza ngamaqembu kusetshenziswa amapulatifomu abonakalayo, ukubamba iqhaza emiphakathini yedijithali, kanye nokuphatha ubunikazi bedijithali kanye nophawu esilushiya ku-inthanethi.
Indawo yesithathu ibhekisela ku- ukudalwa kokuqukethwe kwedijithaliAkukhona nje kuphela ukubhala imibhalo, kodwa futhi nokudala nokuhlela izithombe, umsindo, ividiyo, izethulo, noma ngisho nezinhlelo zekhompyutha eziyisisekelo, ukuhlanganisa nokusebenza kabusha kokuqukethwe kwangaphambilini kanye nokuhlonipha njalo amalungelo okushicilela kanye namalungelo empahla yobuhlakani.
Indawo yesine yile ukuphephaIhlanganisa konke kusukela ekuvikeleni amadivayisi (i-antivirus, ama-backup) kanye nokuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu kanye nobunikazi bedijithali, kuya ekuvimbeleni izingozi zempilo (isikhathi esilinganiselwe sesikrini) kanye nokukhulisa ulwazi mayelana nokusimama kanye nomthelela wokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe emvelweni.
Indawo yesihlanu neyokugcina igxile ku- ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezindlela zedijithaliKuhilela ukuhlonza izidingo, ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele, ukuxazulula izinkinga zobuchwepheshe, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngobuhlakani ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinselele ezintsha, kanye nokuvuselela amakhono akho edijithali njalo.
Emazweni ahlukahlukene, njengeSpain, kuye kwathuthukiswa izindlela zokulungisa lolu hlaka, isibonelo amamodeli athile abafundi baseyunivesithi noma umphakathi jikelele, ezigcina isakhiwo sezindawo kanye namakhono kodwa zivumelanise nesimo sangempela sendawo kanye namazinga ahlukene okusebenza.
Amazinga obuchule kanye nezibonelo ezisebenzayo (CD1-CD5)
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono edijithali kungaqondwa njenge- inqubo eqhubekayoKusukela ezindleleni zokuqala kuya ekuqondeni okuthuthukile nokuzimele, izinhlaka eziningi zemfundo zichaza amazinga okusebenza asiza ukuchaza lokho umuntu akwazi ukukwenza esigabeni ngasinye.
Esigabeni sokuqala solwazi, umuntu yenza usesho olulula lwe-inthanethi Besebenzisa amagama angukhiye ayisisekelo, baqala ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela efanele. Bangahlela kalula ulwazi abalutholayo (isibonelo, ngokugcina izixhumanisi noma amadokhumenti kumafolda) bese beqala ukuba nesimo sengqondo sokugxeka ngalokho abakufundayo, yize besasekelwa futhi beqashwe.
Ezingeni elithuthukile, lowo muntu ofanayo kakade Isebenzisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, uhlobo lwemali, kanye nokuthembeka. Uma ufuna ulwazi, khetha imithombo ethembekile, gcina futhi uhlele okuqukethwe ukuze kube lula ukukuthola, futhi wazi ukuthi ungakucaphuna kanjani noma ukubhekisela kukho ngenkathi uhlonipha impahla yobuhlakani.
Ngokuphathelene nokudalwa kokuqukethwe, ezinyathelweni zokuqala umsebenzisi Idala futhi ihlanganise okuqukethwe kwedijithali ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene (umbhalo, amathebula, izithombe, umsindo noma ividiyo) kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afinyelelekayo, njengabacubunguli bamagama, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwethula noma abahleli abalula, abanokuqonda kokuqala kwe-copyright yezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha.
Uma umuntu ekhuphuka amazinga, akakhiqizi okuqukethwe kuphela, kodwa futhi iphatha indawo yayo yokufunda yedijithaliUyakwazi ukukhetha ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi afanele umsebenzi ngamunye, ahlele amapulatifomu, ahlanganise izinsiza ezahlukene futhi alondoloze isimo sengqondo sokufunda impilo yonke, athuthukise okuqukethwe okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuyinkimbinkimbi.
Emkhakheni wokuxhumana, ekuqaleni umfundi ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yesikole noma kumaphrojekthi ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu edijithali ukuvinjelwa nokugadwa, ukusebenzisana nozakwabo, ukushintshana ngolwazi nokuhlonipha imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha nokuhlala ndawonye kulezo zindawo.
Ezingeni eliphezulu, umuntu usevele ixhumana ngenkuthalo kunethiwekhi, wabelana ngedatha nokuqukethwe, ubambisana kumaphrojekthi edijithali avulekile kakhudlwana, uphatha ngobuhlakani ukuba khona kwawo ku-inthanethi futhi unakekela idumela lawo ledijithali ukuze asebenzise ubuzwe obunomthwalo wemfanelo, obubucayi nobokuzibophezela.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela yazi izingozi eziyisisekelo kakhulu (amagciwane, ukukhwabanisa, ukudalulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu) bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela eziqondiswa othisha noma ezinye izibalo, uqala ukujwayela imikhuba yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngokuphephile, okunempilo nokuqhubekayo.
Ezigabeni zakamuva, umsebenzisi usevele ibona izingozi ngokwayo futhi ithatha izinyathelo eziqondile zokuvikela amadivayisi, idatha yomuntu siqu, impilo kanye nemvelo, ngokuqwashisa okugcwele ngokubaluleka kokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni, okubucayi kanye nokunakekela imvelo.
Okokugcina, endaweni yokuxazulula izinkinga, izinga lokuqala lisho qala ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zedijithali ezilulaisibonelo, ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-block noma izivivinyo zamarobhothi amancane ezemfundo noma imidlalo zokufundisa izinganenjalo ngokusekelwa futhi ucele usizo uma kudingeka.
Ezingeni eliphezulu, umuntu uyakwazi thuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula kanye nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe zokudala Ngokuzithandela kwabo, basebenzise kabusha izinto zobuchwepheshe ukuze bandise isikhathi sabo sokuphila, babonise isithakazelo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, futhi bacabange ngokusetshenziswa kwabo okunezimiso zokuziphatha nokusimeme.
Ukuhlola kanye nokuzihlola kwamakhono edijithali
Njengoba amakhono edijithali eyisihluthulelo semfundo, umsebenzi, kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kubalulekile babe nezindlela ezinhle zokuzihlolaAkwanele ukunikeza ukuqeqeshwa: kuyadingeka ukwazi izinga langempela labantu ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuqondiswe izinqubomgomo zomphakathi nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha.
Njengamanje kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokuhlola ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye eYurophu. Eziningi zalezi zinhlelo ziye zavela eminyakeni yamuva futhi, yize zinikeza izixazululo ezithakazelisayo, ziveza umehluko endleleni yokusebenza kanye nokujula okwenza kube nzima ukuqhathaniswa kwazo.
Ingxenye enkulu yala mathuluzi okuhlola isekelwe ohlakeni lwe-DigComp futhi yethulwa ngendlela ukuzihlola ku-inthanethiUmsebenzisi uphendula imibuzo lapho esho khona ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukukholelwa ukuthi benza imisebenzi ethile (isibonelo, ukuthumela ama-imeyili, ukuthola amafayela, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okufinyeleleka) noma ukuthi bavame kangakanani ukusebenzisa imikhuba ethile, njengokuxazulula izinkinga zobuchwepheshe isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Isibonelo esisodwa yi-DigCompSAT, egxile ku- umbono womuntu ngamakhono akheulwazi kanye nesimo sengqondo. Akuhlosiwe ukuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni ikhono ledijithali, kodwa ukunikeza isithombe sokuqala esingasetshenziswa ukuzindla nokuhlela ukufunda.
Elinye ithuluzi elibalulekile ukuhlolwa kokuthi "Hlola amakhono akho edijithali", okuhlanganiswe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu ku-Europass kanye ne-Digital Skills and Jobs Platform. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlanganisa imibuzo yokuzihlola enemibuzo enezinketho eziningi zokukhetha Imibuzo enezinketho eziningi, enqunyelwe isikhathi ebukeza imiqondo eyisisekelo yedijithali njengokusebenzisa amathuluzi okusula avikelekile noma umsebenzi wekhodi ye-PUK.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokuhlola luvame cela ulwazi mayelana nokuqeqeshwa kanye nesimo sobungcweti womuntu ophendulayo, ukuze ekugcineni anikeze izincomo zokufunda ezenzelwe iphrofayili, okubonisa izinga elilinganiselwe endaweni ngayinye ye-DigComp kanye nezindlela zokuqeqesha ezingaba khona.
Ukwanda kwamathuluzi, amaningi awo aqhutshwa amaphrojekthi endawo, esifunda noma aseYurophuLokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukudala ikhathalogi ephelele yazo zonke. Ezinye zihambisana eduze ne-DigComp, kanti ezinye zilandela amamodeli azo noma angacacile kangako, okudinga ukuhumusha imiphumela yazo ngokucophelela.
Emkhakheni wobungcweti be-ICT, ukuzihlola okuvamile kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba izindawo zolwazi zibanzi kakhulu futhi zikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa izinhlaka ezifana ne-e-CF (EN16234-1), ezichaza amakhono aphezulu amaphrofayili e-ICTkanye namathuluzi athile njenge-e-CF Explorer, lapho ochwepheshe bengahlola khona amakhono abo e-e futhi bawaqhathanise namaphrofayili ochwepheshe ajwayelekile kulo mkhakha.
Izinkomba kanye nedatha ngamakhono edijithali kubantu abaningi
Ngale kwezinga lomuntu ngamunye, i-European Union idinga izinkomba zomhlaba wonke ukukala inqubekela phambili yedijithali yamazwe angamalungu ayo kanye nokuqondisa izinqubomgomo. Yilapho i-DESI endala (i-Digital Economy and Society Index) kanye, muva nje, nohlaka lwe-Digital Decade luqala khona ukusebenza.
I-DESI yahlelwa yaba amabhlogo amane ayinhloko: izinsizakusebenza zabantu, ukuxhumana, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi zedijithaliNgaphakathi kwendawo yabantu, kwafakwa izingxenye ezithile eziphathelene namakhono edijithali ezakhamuzi kanye namakhono athuthukile ahlobene nochwepheshe be-ICT.
Ukuze uthole amakhono ayisisekelo, i-EU ithembele ezinhlolovo zabantu ezivamile, lapho abantu bebuzwa khona mayelana imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nemisebenzi ethile yedijithali imisebenzi eyenziwe ezinyangeni zakamuva, njengokufuna ulwazi, ukuxhumana, ukuthenga ku-inthanethi, noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ukudala okuqukethwe.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zimpendulo, amaphesenti abantu abane- amakhono ayisisekelo edijithali, aphezulu kunamakhono ayisisekelo, noma awekho nhloboIdatha ikhombisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala, okuhlanganisa Isizukulwane Zfuthi ezincipha ngokusobala phakathi kwalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, abantu abanezinga eliphansi lemfundo, noma labo abangaphandle kwemakethe yezabasebenzi.
Imibiko yakamuva ibeka isilinganiso saseYurophu sabantu abanamakhono okungenani ayisisekelo ngaphezu kwama-50%, cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu ifinyelela amazinga aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, igebe lezizukulwane, lemfundo, kanye nelezomnotho lisalokhu libalulekile, okudala inselele kwinqubomgomo yomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani Ochwepheshe be-ICT, ukuba khona kwabesifazane kule misebenziiphesenti lezinkampani ezinikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwedijithali kubasebenzi bazo kanye nenani labaphothule emikhakheni ehlobene nobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Imibiko eminingi ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zibalo zihlobene nemikhakha evame ukuba phakathi kwezinkampani imisebenzi enekusasa kakhulu.
Ngokomongo wesu elisha leDijithali Decade, i-EU izibekele imigomo emikhulu: ukufeza lokho Ama-80% abantu abadala kufanele okungenani babe namakhono ayisisekelo edijithali futhi kufinyelelwe ochwepheshe be-ICT abayizigidi ezingama-20 abaqashwe ngo-2030, ikakhulukazi ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kwabesifazane nentsha kulo mkhakha.
Isitifiketi esisemthethweni samakhono edijithali
Ukuzihlola kuyasiza ekukhuliseni ulwazi kanye nokuhlela ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngakho bonisa amakhono edijithali kubantu besithathu (izinkampani, abaphathi noma izikhungo zemfundo) isitifiketi esisemthethweni, esingenaphutha nesiqinisekiswayo siyadingeka.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi kukhona ibanga phakathi kokubona kwabantu ikhono labo ledijithali kanye nezinga labo langempela lapho behlolwa ngendlela esebenzayo. Bavame ukulinganisela ulwazi lwabo ngokweqile, yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ebufakazini hhayi emazwini kuphela.
Izitifiketi eziqashelwayo zivame ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi bomuntu ozongenela ukhetho, ziqinisekise ukuthi zibhala izivivinyo ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle, futhi zihlanganise imibuzo yethiyori enemisebenzi engokoqobo endaweni yangempela yokubala. Isibonelo, bangase bacele ukusetha iphasiwedi kufayela, ukuthola kabusha idokhumenti esusiwe, noma ukufometha umbhalo ngendlela ethile.
EYurophu, izitifiketi eziningi zamakhono edijithali ezijwayelekile zikhona, ezinikezwa yi izinhlangano ezizimele, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nabakhiqizi abakhulu besofthiweEzinye ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi, ngezigidi zezitifiketi ezikhishwe, njenge-ICDL noma i-Microsoft MOS, yize ngayinye ilandela imodeli yayo kanye nezinga lezidingo.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kusho ukuthi, ngokungafani nalokho okwenzekayo ngezilimi kanye ne-CEFR, akukabi khona okwamanje isihloko esiyingqayizivele nesiqashelwa kakhulu amakhono ajwayelekile edijithali. Ukuze kuxazululwe lesi simo, iKhomishini yaseYurophu ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kweSitifiketi Sokufaneleka Kwedijithali saseYurophu (i-EDSC).
I-EDSC icatshangwa njenge uhlelo lokuqaphela oluvumelanisa futhi olunikeza ukubonakala Uhlelo luwukuthuthukisa izitifiketi ezikhona ngokusebenzisa "uphawu lwekhwalithi" oluqinisekisa ukuthi izivivinyo ziyahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zobuchwepheshe, zendlela, kanye nezokuphatha. Izifundo kanye nokubonisana okungenzeka kuyenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izimo ezahlukene zokuqaliswa kokusebenza.
Emkhakheni wamakhono athuthukile kanye nochwepheshe be-ICT, imakethe ihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona amakhulu ezitifiketi ezivela kubahlinzeki abahlukene, kusukela kulezo ezigxile kubuchwepheshe obuthile (iMicrosoft, iCisco, i-Oracle, njll.) kuya kulezo ezikhishwe yizinhlangano ezizimele ezigxile ezindleleni noma emikhubeni emihle kakhulu (ISACA, i-AXELOS nabanye).
Lezi zitifiketi zingadinga noma yini kusukela ezivivinyweni ezilula kuya izivivinyo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izivivinyo ezisebenzayo, ukubuyekezwa kwendlela yomsebenzi ngisho nezingxoxo. Ezimweni eziningi, zidinga ukuvuselelwa njalo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwesitifiketi, okuphoqa ukubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo.
Kulabo abangenalo uqeqesho olusemthethweni olujulile ku-ICT, lolu hlobo lokugunyazwa lungaba indlela eya emakethe yezabasebenzi ekhethekilekuyilapho kwabaphothule eyunivesithi bemelela ukwengeza kokubonisa ukukhethekile ezindaweni ezithile.
Imodeli yamakhono edijithali eSpain
ESpain, Imodeli Yobuchwepheshe Bedijithali Yezakhamuzi okuguqula uhlaka lwaseYurophu lube ngokoqobo lwezwe, oluchaza izindawo zamakhono, amakhono kanye namazinga okusebenza aklanyelwe bonke abantu.
Lo modeli ungena ngaphakathi kwe- Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwamakhono Edijithali, kufakwe ohlelweni Lokuvuselela, Ukuguqulwa Nokuqina. Phakathi kwezinhloso zalo ukuqinisa amakhono edijithali okuqashwa, ukubandakanywa kanye nokuncintisana kwezomnotho, ngemisebenzi ethile yokuqeqesha amaqembu ahlukene.
Isibonelo esisodwa uxhaso olunikezwe i- Izinhlangano Zochwepheshe kanye Nemikhandlu Ejwayelekile, eqondiswa yi-Unión Profesional. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezithatha cishe amahora angu-150 ziyanikezwa, kanye nemodyuli evamile evundlile kanye namabhulokhi athile alungiselelwe umsebenzi ngamunye, konke okuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa ikhono lochwepheshe lokusebenza ezimweni zedijithali.
Indlela yezikhungo ezifana ne-UNED yenza kube lula kubahlanganyeli Funda ngejubane lakho ngekhampasi ebonakalayo, kufinyeleleka ku-inthanethi amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Le ndawo ihlanganisa iziqondiso zokufundisa, amaforamu, izifundo zevidiyo, izinto ezingalandwa, izindawo zokuthumela izabelo, kanye namathuluzi okuhlola okuqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zivame ukufaka phakathi okuqukethwe okusebenzisanayo, amavidiyo, imisebenzi ewusizo kanye namakilasi amakhulu ukuze ujule ngamathuluzi noma izihloko ezithile, konke lokhu ngokusekelwa ngabafundisi abaqondisa ukufunda nokuphendula imibuzo.
Njengephuzu lokugcina, iphrojekthi yesifundo sokugcina lapho umfundi eklama iphrojekthi ewusizo ehambisana nezintshisekelo zakhe: kusukela kugalari ebonakalayo noma esitolo sezincwadi sedijithali kuya emkhankasweni wokumaketha ku-inthanethi womculi, umcimbi wamasiko osakazwayo noma iwebhusayithi yokuqukethwe kwamasiko.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe la maphrojekthi, kuhlinzekwa ukufinyelela ku- amalayisense amathuluzi edijithali (mahhala noma ekhokhelwayo) edingekayo ukuze isetshenziswe, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuzama izixazululo zangempela futhi bazisebenzise ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa endaweni yabo yobungcweti.
Amakhono edijithali okuqashwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobungcweti
Ezweni lanamuhla lokusebenza kanye naphezu kobunzima ikusasa lomsebenziAmakhono edijithali asephenduke imfuneko ehlanganisa yonke indawo cishe kunoma yimuphi umkhakhaAzisathinti nje kuphela labo abasebenza kwezobuchwepheshe: zilindeleke futhi ezikhundleni zokuphatha, zezentengiselwano, zezempilo, zezemfundo, zamasiko kanye nezinye eziningi.
Uma sikhuluma ngamakhono ayisisekelo edijithali omsebenzi, sibhekisela ku- ikhono lokusebenzisa amathuluzi nezinsizakalo zedijithali ngempumelelo nangokuphephile endaweni yokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amadivayisi okuphatha, izinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi, amapulatifomu okubambisana, izinhlelo zokuphatha idatha, kanye neziteshi zokuxhumana eziku-inthanethi.
Izinto ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukufunda nokubhala kwedijithali (ukusesha, ukuhlunga, ukuhlola nokwabelana ngolwazi), ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe evamile (amaprosesa amagama, amaspredishithi, izethulo), ikhono lokuxhumana kwedijithali (i-imeyili, imihlangano yevidiyo, imiyalezo yezinkampani) kanye nokuphathwa ngempumelelo kwamafayela nedatha.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi Endaweni yokusebenza: vikela ulwazi lwenkampani, phatha amaphasiwedi ngendlela efanele, uqaphele imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo, landela izinqubomgomo zobumfihlo, futhi ulandele imikhuba ephephile uma usebenzisa amanethiwekhi namadivayisi.
Ukuze uthole amaphrofayili akhethekile, okulandelayo kuyasetshenziswa: amakhono edijithali e-ICT athuthukisiweLawa makhono enza abantu bakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuphatha amaphrojekthi obuchwepheshe, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, nokuhola izinqubo zokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Ahlanganisa amakhono afana nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukuhlela, ukuklama ulwazi lomsebenzisi, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi edijithali.
Lolu hlobo lomncintiswano ludinga ukuqonda okujulile kwemiqondo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokuzihlanganisa nezixazululo ezisebenzayo. Akwanele ukwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi; kufanele uqonde ukuthi asebenza kanjani, ukuthi ahlobene kanjani, nokuthi angathuthukiswa kanjani noma avumelane nezidingo ezintsha.
ESpain, abahlinzeki boqeqesho olukhethekile banikeza izifundo ezihlelwe yizindawo zohlaka lwe-DigCompKusukela ezindleleni zokuqala zohambo kulabo abadinga ukufinyelela izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zochwepheshe abafuna ukuqinisa iphrofayili yabo emikhakheni efana nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ukumaketha kwedijithali noma isayensi yedatha.
Ukuzihlola kanye nendlela yokuthola isitifiketi eSpain
Indawo enhle yokuqala yokuthuthukisa amakhono akho edijithali ukwenza ukuzihlola okuhlelekileNgemibuzo eku-inthanethi, umuntu uphendula imibuzo mayelana nalokho akwaziyo ukukwenza, lokho avame ukukwenza, nalokho akuthola kunzima, okuhlobene nezindawo ezinhlanu zohlaka lwe-DigComp.
Umphumela walezi zivivinyo unikeza Imephu elinganiselwe yezinga endaweni ngayinyeUkuhlonza amandla nezindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Kusukela lapho, izinhloso eziqondene nomuntu ngamunye zingachazwa: ukuqinisa ukuphepha, ukuthuthukisa ukudalwa kokuqukethwe, ukufunda ukusebenzisana efwini, njll.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlangano eziningi kanye nohulumeni banikeza ithuba lokuthi ukuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni amakhono edijithaliInqubo evamile ihilela ukuhlonza uhlobo lwesitifiketi olufunwayo (olujwayelekile, olufundisayo, oluchwepheshile), ukulungiselela izifundo noma ukuzifundela, kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni.
ESpain kunezinhlelo ezahlukene zokugunyazwa: i-tuCertiCyL eCastilla y León kanye ne-ComDix eGalicia ziyizibonelo zezitifiketi zezakhamuzi ezihambisana ne-DigComp, kuyilapho i-ACTIC eCatalonia isebenzisa imodeli yayo hhayi ngokusekelwe ngqo kulolu hlaka, kodwa futhi ihlose ukugunyaza amakhono edijithali.
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, imiphakathi ezimele inayo amathuluzi athile okuqinisekisa ikhono lokufundisa ngedijithali, ngokusekelwe ku-Digital Teaching Competence Framework, evumelanisa i-DigComp nezidingo zothisha.
Inqubo ejwayelekile ivame ukufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwethiyori-okusebenzayo Esithangamini esigadiwe, abantu abazongenela ukhetho kumele babonise ukuthi bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi abayabelwe ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle. Baphumelele imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngesitifiketi esingafakwa ku-CV, sithunyelwe emabhodini emisebenzi, noma sisetshenziswe ekukhushulweni kwangaphakathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhungo zokuqeqesha ezikhethekile ziyatholakala izifundo ezenzelwe ngqo ukulungiselela Lezi zitifiketi zibuyekezwa ngezinguqulo zakamuva zezinhlaka zaseYurophu kanye nezidingo zohlelo ngalunye lokugunyazwa.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, inhlanganisela yokuzihlola, izindlela zokuqeqesha, kanye nesitifiketi esisemthethweni ivumela intuthuko kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe okunembile kuya ku- ubuchule obuqaphile, obuqinile nobubonakalayo amakhono edijithali, into ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe yemisebenzi kanye nasekuphathweni komphakathi.
Izibalo zaseYurophu naseSpain zikhomba ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamakhono edijithali, kodwa futhi zikhombisa ukuthi kusenezikhala. izikhala ezinkulu ngokweminyaka, izinga lemfundo, imali engenayo kanye nendawoUkunciphisa lokhu kungalingani, ukwandisa ukufinyelela ekuqeqeshweni, kanye nokunikeza izitifiketi ezithembekile sekuyizinto eziza kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu angawasebenzisa amathuba ezweni ledijithali futhi akashiywa ngemuva ekuguqulweni kobuchwepheshe osekuqalile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukhuthaza izinhlelo ezifana ne- imfundo yabantu abadala kuhloswe kulabo abadinga ukwesekwa okukhethekile.