Amarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni ayeseyindaba yesayensi futhi aseyingxenye ebonakalayo yokuphila kwansuku zonke emadolobheni. amarobhothi okuhlanza imigwaqo nezimoto ezizimele Kusukela kuma-drone aqapha izikhala eziluhlaza kuya kumadivayisi asiza ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukuzenzakalela kugcwele cishe yonke indawo yedolobha. Futhi kwenza lokho ngokubambisana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amanethiwekhi amakhulu ezinzwa, kanye namanethiwekhi edatha esikhathi sangempela.
Le ntuthuko ayihlose nje ukugqama ngobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ihlose ukubhekana nezinselele ezithile: ukuhambahamba okuminyene, ukungcola, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukuphepha kwezakhamuzi, ukubandakanywa komphakathi kanye nokubhekana nezinhlekeleleNgesikhathi esifanayo, kuvula izingxoxo ezibalulekile: kuthiwani ngobumfihlo? Sizivimbela kanjani i-robotics ukuthi idale ukungalingani okwengeziwe? Sizihlanganisa kanjani lezi zinhlelo ezindaweni zomphakathi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izindawo eziluhlaza noma ikhwalithi yokuphila?
Iyini i-robotics yasemadolobheni futhi kungani ibalulekile emadolobheni ahlakaniphile?
Uma sikhuluma ngamarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni, sibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni amarobhothi, ama-drone kanye nezinhlelo ezizimele ezihlanganiswe nengqalasizinda yedolobha ukuzenzakalela imisebenzi, ukuqoqa idatha, nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezakhamuzini. Lezi zinhlelo zingahamba ezindaweni zomphakathi, zisebenze ezakhiweni, zijikeleze emoyeni, noma zihlale zizinzile njengamanethiwekhi ezinzwa namadivayisi axhunyiwe.
Uma kukhulunywa ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “amadolobha ahlakaniphile”, amarobhothi ayingcezu eyodwa ngaphakathi kwendlela ehlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT), idatha enkulu, kanye namapulatifomu edijithaliAmarobhothi awaseyona imishini ehlukanisiwe kodwa aseyingxenye yenethiwekhi exhumana nezikhungo zokulawula, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezakhamuzi, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zasemadolobheni, kusukela kwezokuthutha kuya emandleni.
Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukwenza okungaphezu kokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela okuvamile. Manje, irobhothi lokuhlanza noma i-drone yokuhlola ayenzi nje imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo: Ithola izinguquko endaweni ezungezile, yenza izinqumo eziyisisekelo, futhi ixhumane namanye amadivayisi. futhi ilungisa nokuziphatha kwayo ngokusekelwe ezikhalweni noma ezixwayisweni ezivela komakhelwane ezitholwe ngeziteshi zedijithali.
Lokhu kugxuma okunekhwalithi kwenza amarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni abe yinsika yesu yokwakha amadolobha asebenza kahle, azinzile, aphephile futhi ahlanganisa wonke umuntuikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezingcono ngezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa kanye nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo. Kodwa futhi kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuthunyelwa kwazo ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emibi engafuneki.
Amarobhothi kanye nokuguqulwa kwempilo yasemadolobheni: ukuzenzekela, ukuhamba kanye namandla
Enye yezinguquko ezibonakala kakhulu ezilethwa amarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni ukuthi kungenzeka Ukuzenzakalelayo kwezinqubo ezazithembele emsebenzini onzima wabantu ngaphambilini.Emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, lokhu kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekuhlanzweni kwemigwaqo kuya ekulungisweni kwengqalasizinda, kanye nokuthuthwa kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza.
Emkhakheni wokuhamba, ukuvela kwezimoto ezizisebenzelayo kusobala njengenguquko eyisisekelo. Inhlanganisela ye izimoto, amabhasi kanye namarobhothi amancane okuletha ngaphandle kokushayela Ithembisa ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto, ukwenza ngcono imizila, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ukukhishwa kwegesi okungcolisayo. Ngokunciphisa ukuminyana nokuvimbela ukuhamba okungasebenzi kahle, uphethiloli uyalondolozwa futhi ikhwalithi yomoya iyathuthukiswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zalezi zimoto namarobhothi zenzelwe ukusebenza ngogesi, okuqinisa amasu okusebenza ukuphathwa kwamandla okusimeme kanye nokususwa kwe-carbon dioxide ekuthuthweni kwezimoto zasemadolobheniZihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokushaja ezihlakaniphile kanye namanethiwekhi alungisa ukuphakelwa kukagesi ngokwesidingo, zinegalelo ekwenzeni amadolobha asebenze kahle kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwawo izinsiza.
Emikhakheni yezinsizakalo zasekhaya nezasendaweni, amarobhothi nawo aqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile. intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokushintshela esikhathini sedijithali en Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa kuvumela amarobhothi asizayo kanye namapulatifomu eselula ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kusukela ekuhlanzeni izakhiwo kanye nemiphakathi kuya ekuletheni ukudla noma imithi endaweni yasemadolobheni.
Konke lokhu kuxhumene namamodeli asedolobheni angafuni nje ukuhlakanipha kuphela, kodwa futhi okuhlalwa kalula futhi okuzinzile esikhathini esideKodwa-ke, ukuze umthelela ube muhle ngempela, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ekuhleleni amadolobha kanye nezinhlaka zenqubomgomo yomphakathi ezicabangela umphumela wazo wezemvelo, wezenhlalo kanye nowezomnotho.
Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuqina kwedolobha: ama-drone namarobhothi azosindisa
Amarobhothi abonakale ewusizo kakhulu ku- ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinhlekelelelapho isivinini nolwazi oluthembekile kungasho umehluko phakathi kokusindisa izimpilo nokufika sekwephuzile kakhulu. Lapha, ama-drone namarobhothi asemhlabeni enze intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni embalwa nje.
Ama-drone ahlonyiswe ngamakhamera anesinqumo esiphezulu, izinzwa zokushisa, nezinye izinto zokusebenza zisetshenziselwa qapha izindawo ezithintekile yizikhukhula, ukuzamazama komhlaba, imililo noma izingozi zezimboniNgenxa yekhono labo lokundiza ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki, bahlinzeka ngemininingwane yesikhathi sangempela kumaqembu okuhlenga, okuvumela ukuhlela kangcono imisebenzi nokunciphisa ingozi yezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.
Ezimweni ezihilela izakhiwo noma ingqalasizinda edilikile, amarobhothi okutakula aklanyelwe ukungena ngezikhala ezincane, ukubona ukunyakaza noma ukushisa komuntu, nokuthola abantu abavaleleke ngaphansi kwemfucumfucuNgokuvamile zinamakhamera, izinzwa zokunyakaza, amadivayisi okushisa kanye nezingalo zamarobhothi ezenza kube lula ukuhlola izindawo eziyingozi.
Isibonelo, eJapane, lezi zinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zasetshenziswa ngemva kwenhlekelele yaseFukushima, okubonisa indlela amarobhothi angafinyelela ngayo ezindaweni nge- amazinga angamukeleki emisebe noma ingozi emishinini yabantuLokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamapulatifomu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, akwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela noma kude ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Intuthuko eyodwa ephawulekayo yirobhothi elifana nomuntu iKaleido, elakhiwe yiKawasaki Heavy Industries. Le divayisi yakhelwe ukwenza Ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa abantu abalimele ezimweni eziyingozi noma emlilweniEsebenzisa isakhiwo sawo ngezingalo nemilenze ukuhambisa imfucuza nokufinyelela ezindaweni ezinzima, lawa marobhothi, nakuba engakasetshenziswa kabanzi, akhomba esikhathini esizayo lapho amarobhothi anjengomuntu ezobambisana ngenkuthalo namaqembu okutakula.
Amarobhothi, ukufinyeleleka kanye nokufakwa emphakathini endaweni yomphakathi
Amarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni awagxili nje ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuphepheni; angaba futhi ithuluzi elinamandla ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kanye nokubandakanywa komphakathi emadolobheniIkakhulukazi, kubantu abangakwazi ukuhamba noma abanezidingo ezikhethekile, izinhlelo zamarobhothi zivula amathuba amasha.
Ezindaweni zomphakathi, amarobhothi angasiza ukuzulazula ingqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqondisa abasebenzisi eziteshini, ezibhedlela noma ezakhiweni zomphakathi futhi unikeze usizo lomuntu siqu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi konke kusukela kumapulatifomu eselula ahambisana nomuntu endleleni efinyelelekayo kuya ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ngezwi, umbhalo, noma izithombe ezilungisiwe.
Njengoba ihlanganiswe nenethiwekhi yezinzwa yedolobha, la madivayisi angathola izithiyo, umsebenzi wokwakha, noma izehlakalo ngesikhathi sangempela futhi phakamisa izindlela eziphephile nezikhululekile ezingasetshenziswaNgale ndlela, basiza ekwenzeni amadolobha abe nobungane kubo bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banekhono elingakanani ngokomzimba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarobhothi osizo lwasekhaya anomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yempilo yalabo abadinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Amarobhothi akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, ukukhumbula imithi, ukuqapha ukuwa okungenzeka, noma ukwenza kube lula ukuxhumana namalungu omndeni kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo Zivumela abantu abaningi ukuba baphile ngokuzimela endaweni yabo evamile.
Konke lokhu kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi amadolobha ahlakaniphile akufanele agcine ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe ngenxa nje yokusungula izinto ezintsha, kodwa kumele Ukubeka amarobhothi ekusizeni ukubandakanywa komphakathi kanye namathuba alinganayoukunciphisa izithiyo nokusekela amaqembu asengozini kakhulu.
Ibhokisi lesihlabathi lasedolobheni laseValencia: idolobha njengendawo yokucwaninga amarobhothi
Isibonelo esicacile sendlela amarobhothi angahlanganiswa ngayo edolobheni ngendlela ehlelekile yilesi Ibhokisi Lesanti Lasedolobheni laseValenciaLona umthetho kamasipala oguqula lonke idolobha kanye nezinsizakusebenza zalo zasemadolobheni zibe yindawo enkulu, yangempela yokuhlola izinkampani, izinkampani ezintsha kanye namanyuvesi.
Umqondo oyisisekelo ulula kodwa unamandla: "Uyawunikeza umbono. Nansi idolobha."UMkhandlu Wedolobha uzinikela njengomlingani ukuze izinhlangano ezintsha zikwazi ukuhlola amarobhothi azo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namaphrojekthi obuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ezimweni zangempela, nezakhamuzi zangempela, ingqalasizinda yangempela kanye nezimo zasemadolobheni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Enye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu ale Sandbox irobhothi i-UmiClean, ithuluzi likagesi nelizimele le- Ukuhlanza imigwaqo yasemadolobheni ezigcawini zabahamba ngezinyawo nasezindaweni zomphakathiLeli robhothi likwazi ukuthwala indawo efinyelela kumamitha-skwele angu-4.000 ngehora, ngesivinini esingaba ngu-5 km/h, lenza imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe yokuhlanza, ukuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza.
I-UmiClean ifaka amakhamera, izinzwa, kanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa ezivumela ukuthi thola izithiyo, yenza ngcono imizila futhi uthole imiyalelo yesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa ipulatifomu kagesi. Lokhu kuvumela idivayisi ukuthi iphendule ngokushesha emiyalweni noma ezikhalweni ezivela kubahlali, ilungise umsebenzi wayo ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zemvelo.
Uhlelo lokuhlola seluthuthukiswe ezindaweni ezifanekisela njengePlaza de la Reina kanye nendawo ezungeze iMakethe Ephakathi, okuhlanganisa iValencia njengendawo yokuhlola lapho amarobhothi eshintsha khona kusukela emfundisweni aye ekusebenzeni. Umeya ugcizelele ukuthi umgomo uwukuthi ukuhlanganisa izixazululo zesikhathi esizayo esikhathini samanje samadolobhaukuthuthukisa izindawo ezifana nokusimama, impilo yasemadolobheni, ukuhamba kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi.
Amanye amaphrojekthi amarobhothi asedolobheni eValencia: amabhishi, izinto zokuthutha kanye nezinzwa
Ukufakwa kwe-UmiClean akuyona into eyenzeka yodwa. Ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo lwe-Urban Sandbox, iValencia ikhuthaze amanye amaphrojekthi abonisa ukuthi Amarobhothi angasebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuphatha idolobha.
Enye yazo yi-UmiBeach, nayo eyakhiwe yinkampani efanayo, imoto elandelwayo eyenzelwe ukuhlanza isihlabathi emabhishiLe "platjabot" ihlolwe ehlobo futhi isebenza njengesibonelo sendlela okuzenzakalelayo okungasiza ngayo ukugcina izindawo zezivakashi nezokungcebeleka zisesimweni esingcono, ukunciphisa umzamo owenziwa ngesandla kanye nokuthuthukisa izikhathi zokuphendula.
Emkhakheni wezokuthutha zasemadolobheni, iphrojekthi ye-MercaBot ihlola ukusetshenziswa kwe Amarobhothi kagesi ahamba ibanga lokugcina okulethwa kwezimpahla edolobheniLawa madivayisi ahlose ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla, ukunciphisa ukusakazwa kwezimoto ezinkulu, kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okuhlobene nokulethwa kwezimpahla okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo ezifana ne-HortaTech, ezisekelwe ku- izinzwa zokulawula amanzi ukuze kwenziwe inethiwekhi yemisele yokunisela ibe yesimanjekanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zokuqaphela izikhumbuzo noma ukulinganisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ngemisindo yezinyoni, njenge-BioSoundscape. Nakuba eminye yale misebenzi ingeyona amarobhothi ahambayo kuphela, iyingxenye yalelo qoqo lezinhlelo ezizimele nezihlonyiswe ngezinzwa ezakha amarobhothi amasha asemadolobheni anwetshiwe.
I-Sandbox ayigcini nje emigwaqweni; ezinye izindawo sezifakiwe imitapo yolwazi kamasipala, ingqalasizinda yamanzi kanye nezinye izindawo zomphakathi njengezilungiselelo zokuhlola. Lokhu kuvuleleka kwenze iValencia yaba yisilinganiso esibhekwa eduze ngamanye amadolobha afana neMadrid, Barcelona, neZaragoza ukuze kuphindwe amamodeli afanayo okubambisana komphakathi-kwangasese kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha emadolobheni.
Amarobhothi, imvelo yasemadolobheni kanye nezindawo eziluhlaza: amathuba nezingozi
Ngale kokuhlanza noma ukuhambahamba, amarobhothi asedolobheni nawo aqala ukushintsha ubudlelwano phakathi kwamadolobha, imvelo kanye nezindawo eziluhlazaUcwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluholwa yi-University of Leeds, oluhlanganyelwe ochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-170 abavela emazweni angu-35, luhlaziye ukuthi ama-drone, amarobhothi kanye nezinhlelo ezizimele zingathinta kanjani ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezindawo zemvelo zasemadolobheni.
Phakathi kwamathuba agqanyisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi kuvelele qapha impilo yezindawo eziluhlaza, thola izinambuzane ezivelayo, futhi uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezitshalo nezihlahlaIsibonelo, ama-drone kanye nezinzwa ezisakazwa kuwo wonke amapaki nezingadi zingabona ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, ukuba khona kwezifo, noma izinguquko ezitshalweni ngaphambi kokuba inkinga ibonakale ngeso lenyama.
Amandla alezi zinhlelo ukuletha imvelo eduze kwezakhamuziAmarobhothi angavumela ukuvakasha okubonakalayo okuqondiswayo, ahlinzeke ngolwazi olusebenzisanayo mayelana nezitshalo nezilwane, noma adale okuhlangenwe nakho kwezemfundo okukhuthaza ukwazisa ngendawo yemvelo yasemadolobheni. Ngale ndlela, amarobhothi angasiza abantu abaningi ukuba bajabulele izinzuzo zomzimba nezingokomzwelo zokuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni eziluhlaza.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olufanayo luxwayisa ngezingozi ezinkulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezizisebenzela zona, ama-drone, kanye namarobhothi okulungisa kuyanda.Imithombo emisha yemfucuza kanye nokungcola ingavela emabhethri, izingxenye zikagesi noma umsindo, kube nemiphumela emibi ezilwaneni zasendle zasemadolobheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi yokuthi amadolobha kuzodingeka ahlelwe kabusha ukuze kube nezindawo zokusebenzisa amarobhothi nezindawo zokusebenza. ukudela ingxenye yezindawo eziluhlaza noma izindawo zokuhlala eziqhekekileFuthi okubaluleke kakhulu: uma ukufinyelela kulezi zobuchwepheshe kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani, izikhala ezikhona zingandiswa, okushiya izindawo ezithile zinekhwalithi ephansi yemvelo noma ukufinyelela okuncane ezindaweni eziluhlaza ezinakekelwe kahle.
Amadolobha azelaphayo kanye namanethiwekhi ezinzwa: ekuqondeni ingqalasizinda ehlakaniphile
Ucwaningo lukaLeeds luyingxenye yephrojekthi "yamadolobha aziphilisayo", ephakamisa isimo lapho Amarobhothi nezinhlelo ezizimele zinesibopho sokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda yasemadolobheni. ngokuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu okungenzeka kube khona ezakhamuzini.
Lo mbono uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe: izimoto ezizimele zomhlaba, ama-drone, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa ezingenantambo, namarobhothi akwazi ukwenza ukulungisa kwendawo, osekelwa yi- imephu yasemadolobheniIsibonelo, inqwaba yama-drone amancane ingahlola isimo sezibani zasemgwaqweni noma uphahla lwezakhiwo, kuyilapho amarobhothi akhethekile engalungisa imifantu e-asphalt noma ukuvuza kwamapayipi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvala imigwaqo amahora amaningi.
Le ndlela yokulungisa ezenzakalelayo ingasiza ekwenzeni ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwengqalasizinda, ukunciphisa izindleko nokunciphisa ukuphazamisekaNgesikhathi esifanayo, kuvula izingxoxo mayelana nokuthi le misebenzi ihlanganiswe kanjani nendwangu yasemadolobheni esivele iyinkimbinkimbi, lapho abantu, izimoto zendabuko, amabhayisikili, ama-scooter kanye manje, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezizimele ezithi indawo yazo iyafana.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi, yize Kunzima ukubikezela imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo emvelweni yasemadolobheni nasezindaweni eziluhlazaKubalulekile ukuthi umphakathi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nabathuthukisi bamarobhothi baqonde izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi okungaba khona. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kungaklanywa khona amasu okukhulisa izinzuzo zemvelo kanye nezenhlalo ngenkathi kugwenywa imiphumela eyingozi yesikhathi eside.
Kulesi simo, ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi kanye nokungafihli lutho kumaphrojekthi amarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuba yinto ebalulekile. Yazisa, bonisana futhi ulalele omakhelwane Kuyasiza ekutholeni ukukhathazeka ngomsindo, ubumfihlo, noma ukulahleka kwezindawo eziluhlaza, futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukuthi kulungiswe ukuze kuhambisane nezinto eziza kuqala emphakathini.
Amarobhothi okuphepha komphakathi: ukuqapha, ukulawula ithrafikhi, kanye nokuqapha
Enye yezindawo lapho amarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni ethuthuke khona kakhulu yi- ukuphepha emadolobheniLokho okwazwakala njengefilimu yesikhathi esizayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule manje sekuhunyushwa ngamarobhothi aqapha imigwaqo, izikhumulo zezindiza neziteshi, abambisana ekulawuleni ithrafikhi noma asebenze njengamehlo engeziwe emikhosini yamaphoyisa.
Isibonelo, eNdiya, i-H-Bots Robotics yakha elinye lamarobhothi okuqala amaphoyisa, “i-robocop” eyayihloselwe ukwamukela izikhalazo zezakhamuzi, ukuphendula imibuzo, nokuhlonza abasolwa ngokusebenzisa ukuqaphela ubusoUmsebenzi wayo awukona ukufaka esikhundleni se-ejenti yomuntu, kodwa ukwandisa amandla okunaka eziteshini zamaphoyisa nasezindaweni zolwazi.
ESingapore, iChangi Airport, enye yezindawo ezimatasa kakhulu emhlabeni, ine Amarobhothi amaphoyisa ahlonyiswe ngezipikha, amaphaneli e-LCD, namakhamera okubona angama-degree angu-360Lawa madivayisi akhipha imiyalezo elalelwayo, abonisa izixwayiso ezibonakalayo, futhi axwayise ngokuzenzakalelayo izinsizakalo zokuphepha ngezigameko, esebenzisa izinhlabamkhosi ukuxwayisa abahambi futhi avale indawo kuze kufike amanxusa abantu.
Idolobha liphinde lahlola irobhothi iXavier emigwaqweni yalo, linikwe umsebenzi wokwenza lokhu. qapha ukuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo yokuphila ndawonyenjengokuvimbela ukubhema ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe noma ukupaka amabhayisikili ngendlela engafanele. Lezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi ziphakamisa nezingxoxo zokuziphatha mayelana nezinga elifiselekayo lokulawula ezindaweni zomphakathi.
E-China, amadolobha amaningana aminyene kakhulu asebenzisa amarobhothi ukuze sekela ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi yasemadolobheniAmanye amamodeli aqapha ukuze athole ukwephulwa komthetho; amanye axwayisa abashayeli uma kwenzeka ingozi; kanti uhlobo lwesithathu lugxile ekwaziseni abahamba ngezinyawo nabashayeli bezimoto, ukuphendula imibuzo nokunikeza isiqondiso emphakathini. Iningi lawo lifaka izinhlelo zokubona zekhompyutha kanye nama-algorithms e-AI ukuze kutholakale amapuleti elayisensi, ubuso, noma ukuziphatha okusolisayo.
Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa: Amarobhothi e-K nezinja zamarobhothi
E-United States, inkampani iKnightscope ithuthukise Uchungechunge lwamarobhothi angu-K, kufaka phakathi imodeli ye-K5Lawa marobhothi aklanyelwe ukuqapha ezindaweni ezifana nezitolo ezinkulu, izindawo zokupaka, noma izindawo zomphakathi ezinabantu abaningi, aqopha futhi adlulise ividiyo ngesikhathi sangempela, ehamba ngokuzimela emizileni echazwe ngaphambilini.
Emadolobheni ase-US, amarobhothi e-Knightscope asetshenziswe, isibonelo, ukuze qinisa ezokuphepha ezindaweni lapho kwenzeke khona ukudubulanaukubona ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile, izimoto ezisolisayo, noma imibuthano engavamile. Muva nje iNew York ivumile ukusetshenziswa kwe-K5, efakwe amakhamera, izinzwa, kanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuthumela ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela emaphoyiseni.
Elinye icala elidumile yiDigidog, inja yerobhothi eyathuthukiswa yiBoston Dynamics. Leli robhothi elinomumo ophindwe kane lisetshenziselwa thumela isithombe nomsindo ngesikhathi sangempela ezimweni eziyingoziLokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo lapho abantu abathunjiwe bangabanjwa khona, lapho kukhona khona iziqhumane, noma lapho kukhona khona izinsongo ezingaziwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlose ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi ezingozini eziqondile.
Kanye nalezi zinhlelo zeselula, amaphoyisa abelokhu esebenzisa amarobhothi akhethekile iminyaka eminingi ukutholwa nokuvalwa kwebhomuLezi ngokuvamile ziyizinkundla ezilandelwayo ezifakwe amakhamera, izinzwa zokushisa kanye nemishini ye-X-ray, kanye namathuluzi athile okuphatha, ukuvimba noma ukudambisa amadivayisi aqhumayo ngaphandle kokubeka amaqembu okulahla amabhomu engozini.
Nokho, ukwethulwa kwalezi zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezokuphepha akuyona into engenakuphikiswana. Izinhlangano zamalungelo oluntu kanye nezinye izakhamuzi ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana ukwephulwa kobumfihlo okungenzeka, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokubonwa kobuso, kanye nezingozi zokubandlululwa kwe-algorithmic okungathinta amaqembu athile ngokungalingani.
Izinzuzo, izinselele kanye nezihluthulelo zamarobhothi asemadolobheni anomthwalo wemfanelo
Ukwanda kwamarobhothi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuletha izinzuzo ezicacile: Ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi okuthuthukisiwe, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka engozini emisebenzini eyingozi, ukuhamba okulungiselelwe kahle, kanye namathuluzi amasha okunakekela imvelo yasemadolobheni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvula amathuba ezomnotho ahlobene nokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuheha ithalente, kanye nokuthuthukisa izimboni zobuchwepheshe obusha.
Kodwa-ke, futhi kuletha izinselele ezinkulu. Ngokwemvelo, kunengozi yokuthi Ukwanda kwamarobhothi nama-drone kwandisa imfucuza kagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nomsindo.kanye nemiphumela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Ezingeni lezenhlalo, uma ukufinyelela kulezi zixazululo kungasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, ukungalingani phakathi kwezindawo noma amaqembu kunganda.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana ubumfihlo bedatha ethathwe ngamakhamera, izinzwa kanye nezinhlelo zokuqaphelakanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhungo zomphakathi noma izinkampani ezizimele ngalolo lwazi. Ukuqinisekisa izinhlaka zokulawula eziqinile kanye nezindlela zokuziphendulela kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuxhashazwa nokwakha ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
Omunye umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi amarobhothi afakwa kanjani ekuhleleni amadolobha. Amadolobha kumele avimbele... Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo noma izindawo ezikhethekile zamarobhothi kudela izindawo eziluhlaza noma izindawo zokuhlala ndawonyeUbuchwepheshe kumele buvumelane nedolobha kanye nezakhamuzi zalo, hhayi ngendlela ehlukile; ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokubamba iqhaza, amaphrojekthi okuhlola alawulwayo kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela kuba amathuluzi abalulekile.
Uma sibheka ndawonye, ulwazi lwezinhlelo ezifana neValencia Urban Sandbox, izifundo eziholwa yi-University of Leeds, kanye namaphrojekthi amarobhothi asetshenziswa kwezokuphepha lubonisa ukuthi amarobhothi asevele eshintsha impilo yasemadolobheni. Isihluthulelo sizoba ukulinganisela ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukusimama, amalungelo kanye nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi ukuze lolu shintsho lusebenzele amadolobha amaningi anobuntu hhayi nje awezobuchwepheshe.
