La imininingwane yezimayini Sekuyisici esibalulekile sanoma yiliphi isu eliqhutshwa idatha. Esimweni lapho izinkampani zikhiqiza ulwazi ubusuku nemini, ukwazi ukuthi zingathola kanjani ulwazi oluwusizo kulawo marekhodi kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwenza izinqumo ngokungacabangi nokuzenza ngokwahlulela okunengqondo. Kunokuba nje kube yinto yesimanje, ukumba idatha manje sekuyindlela ethule ngemuva kwezincomo ezenziwe ngezifiso, ukutholwa kokukhwabanisa, ukubikezela isidingo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwengozi.
Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, umqondo oyisisekelo ulula: Hlaziya idatha eminingi ukuze uthole amaphethini, ubudlelwano, kanye nezitayela. ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwazo kunezinqubo ezihlelekile kakhulu, izindlela ezifakazelwe njenge-CRISP-DM, kanye nenani elihle lamasu okufunda izibalo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokufunda komshini okusivumela ukuthi sisuke kudatha eluhlaza siye kolwazi olusebenzayo oluthuthukisa ukuthengisa, lunciphise izindleko, futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza.
Kuyini ngempela ukumba idatha?
Uma sikhuluma ngokumbiwa kwedatha noma imininingo yedatha, sibhekisela ku-a Isethi yamasu, ama-algorithms, kanye nezinqubo ezivumela ukuhlola izizindalwazi ezinkuluNgokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, kusiza ukuthola amaphethini aphindaphindayo, imithetho, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuziphatha okwengeza inani enhlanganweni. Empeleni, yisinyathelo esixhumanisa isitoreji sedatha nolwazi lwebhizinisi oluwusizo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha izibalo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokufunda komshini ukuguqula idatha ebonakala ididekile ibe ulwazi oluhlelekile: izingxenye zamakhasimende, amamodeli okubikezela ukuthengisa, ukutholwa kwezinkinga, izincomo zomkhiqizo, noma ukuhlaziywa kokungaguquki kwamakhasimende, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo.
Inhloso yayo eyinhloko guqula idatha eluhlaza ibe ulwazi olufaneleLokhu kuvumela izinkampani nezikhungo ukuthi zithuthukise izinqubo, zakhe ukwethembeka kwamakhasimende, zibikezele izingozi, futhi zakhe amasu anembe kakhudlwana. Ngokungafani nemibiko yendabuko echazayo, ukumba idatha ngokuvamile kuhamba phambili, kuhlinzeka ngamakhono okubikezela futhi, ngokuya, anqumayo.
Namuhla, lawa masu athembele kakhulu ku- ukufunda komshini kanye nama-algorithms okufunda okujulileokwazi ukusebenza ngedatha ehlelekile nengahlelekile (umbhalo, izithombe, amarekhodi ezinzwa, njll.), ngisho nokwenza izibikezelo zesikhathi sangempela ezindaweni ezifana nokuhweba nge-inthanethi noma ukutholwa kokukhwabanisa kwezezimali.
Umlando omfushane kanye nokuvela kokumbiwa kwedatha
Yize igama "Ukumbiwa kwedatha" kwaqala ukuthandwa ngawo-90Umqondo wokumba idatha ukuze uthole ulwazi mdala kakhulu. Imibono efana [faka izibonelo zokumbiwa kwedatha lapha] yayivele ixoxwa ngawo-1960. ukudoba idatha o idatha yemivubukuloekhomba isidingo esifanayo: ukuhlola idatha ukuthola amaphethini anengqondo.
Izinsika zayo zemfundiso zisekelwe emikhakheni emithathu ehlobene eduze: izibalo (ukuhlaziywa kwezinombolo kanye nokulingisa ubudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquko), ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela (izinhlelo ezikwazi ukulingisa amakhono athile abantu) kanye ukufunda ngomshini (ama-algorithm afunda kudatha ukuze enze izibikezelo noma izinqumo). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la masimu abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ahlangene, okwenza lokho esikuqonda namuhla njengesayensi yedatha.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ukuhlaziywa bekungokwesandla, kuhamba kancane futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningiLokhu kugxuma kwenzeka lapho amandla ekhompyutha akhuphukile kanye nesitoreji esishibhile kuvumela ukucutshungulwa kwemininingwane eminingi kakhulu. Yilapho "idatha enkulu" noma Idatha enkulu kanye nokumbiwa kwedatha kuyaphakelana: idatha eyengeziwe isho amathuba engeziwe okuthola ulwazi olufanele.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwe-cloud computing, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwedatha yokuthengiselana kanye nokuziphatha, kanye nama-algorithms e-AI athuthukile, kuguqule ukumbiwa kwedatha kwaba yi- ithuluzi lansuku zonke lamabhange, izinkampani zomshuwalense, abakhiqizi, abathengisi, ezokuxhumana kanye nokuphathwa komphakathiabazisebenzisela ukwenza ngcono amanani, ukuqonda isidingo, ukunciphisa izingozi kanye nokwenza ubudlelwano namakhasimende abo bube ngezifiso.
Izigaba zenqubo yokumba idatha
Ukusebenzisa ukumbiwa kwedatha ngobungcweti kuhilela ukulandela umsebenzi ochazwe kahle. Nakuba kukhona ukuhlukahluka, izindlela eziningi, njenge-CRISP-DM, ziyavuma ukuthi inqubo ihlala idlula uchungechunge lwezinyathelo. izigaba ezixhunyiwe futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, eziguquguqukayookuvame ukukuphoqa ukuthi ubuyele emuva futhi ulungise izinyathelo zangaphambilini.
1. Incazelo nokuqonda ibhizinisi
Ngaphambi kokuthinta umugqa owodwa wekhodi, kubalulekile qonda ukuthi iyiphi inkinga yebhizinisi ofuna ukuyixazululaKulesi sigaba, ososayensi bedatha, abahlaziyi, kanye nabaphathi bezinkampani bahlala phansi ukuze bachaze izinhloso, ububanzi, imikhawulo, kanye nezinto eziza kuqala.
- Izinkinga ezithile okuhloswe ukuthi kuxazululwe (isibonelo, ukunciphisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamakhasimende, ukuthola ukukhwabanisa, nokwenza ngcono isitoko).
- Ukulinganiselwa imikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe, yezomthetho noma yesikhathi ethinta iphrojekthi.
- Umthelela olindelekile ebhizinisini uma umgomo ufezwa (ukonga izindleko, ukwanda kwemali engenayo, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende okuthuthukisiwe, njll.).
Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhloso zokumba idatha ezicacile nezilinganisekayo futhi izinsiza ezidingekayo (abantu, idatha, amathuluzi) zokwenza iphrojekthi yokuthola ulwazi ziyahlonzwa.
2. Ukuqonda nokuhlola idatha
Uma isimo sebhizinisi sesiqondakala, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi thola, uqoqe futhi uhlole idatha etholakalayoLokhu kufaka phakathi ukufinyelela kudathabheyisi yangaphakathi, izindawo zokugcina idatha, amafayela, ama-API, noma izinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle eziqukethe ulwazi olufanele.
Kulesi sigaba, umbiko wencazelo yedatha lapho izinhlobo zezinto eziguquguqukayo, amavolumu, imvelaphi, isakhiwo, kanye nezidingo zazo zichazwe kabanzi hardware y isofthiwe ukuze kucutshungulwe. Kusukela lapho, kwenziwa ukuhlola kokuqala kusetshenziswa amasu ayisisekelo ezibalo kanye nokubona ukuze kutholakale amaphutha asobala, amanani aqatha, noma ukungahambisani.
Lokhu kuhlola kusenza sikwazi ukuhlola ikhwalithi yedatha (ukuphelela, ukuhambisana, ukungabikho kwemininingwane ephindaphindwayo) bese ukhetha isethi yedatha edlula esigabeni esilandelayo. Akuvamile ukuthi kuvele imibuzo emisha kulokhu, okuholela emuva esigabeni sebhizinisi ukuze kulungiswe izinhloso.
3. Ukulungiswa nokuhlanza idatha
Empeleni, lesi yisigaba esidla isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. Izindawo eziningi zokugcina impahla zezinkampani Ekuqaleni azizange zenzelwe ukumbiwa kwedathakodwa ukusekela izinqubo zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kumele ziguqulwe zibe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele ukumodela.
Ukulungiswa kwedatha kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana elandelanayo, phakathi kwayo okulandelayo kuvelele:
Hlanza idatha
Kuzo phatha amanani angekho, lungisa amaphutha, uphathe izinto ezingaphandle, bese ususa okuphindwe kabiliKwezinye izimo, amanani athathwa kwezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo; kwezinye, amarekhodi ayinkinga ayakhishwa ngqo uma engathinti ukumelwa.
Hlanganisa imithombo ehlukene
Kudingeka kakhulu kaningi hlanganisa idatha evela ezinhlelweni ezingafani (i-CRM, i-ERP, i-web analytics, izinzwa, njll.) ukwakha isethi ecebile yezinhloso. Lokhu kuhilela ukuvumelanisa izinto ezibalulekile, ukuhlanganisa amafomethi, kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano ezingaba khona phakathi kwemithombo.
Fometha futhi uguqule
Kuye ngokuthi inqubo yokumba izosetshenziswa kanjani, kungadingeka guqula izinhlobo zedatha, lungisa amabanga, qoqa izigaba, noma ukhiqize iziguquguquko ezintsha ezisuselweKuvamile futhi ukunciphisa inani lobukhulu ukuze kugwenywe amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi ngokungadingekile futhi asindayo ngokwezibalo.
Kulesi sigaba, kunqunywa ukuthi yiziphi izibikezelo okufanele zigcinwe, kubekwe phambili lezo Zinikeza amandla amakhulu okuchaza nokubikezelaIsayensi yedatha enhle ihlala iqala lapha: ngokuqonda ukuthi yini efakwa kumodeli nokuthi ukwethembeka kwangempela kwalolo lwazi kuyini.
4. Ukumodela amaphethini kanye nokumbiwa kwemigodi
Njengoba idatha isilungisiwe manje, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi Yakha amamodeli bese ubheka amaphethini athakazelisayoKuye ngenhloso, kuzosetshenziswa amasu ahlukene: amamodeli okuhlela, ukuhlehla, ukuqoqana, imithetho yokuhlanganisa, ukutholwa kwe-anomaly, ukuhlaziywa kokulandelana, njll.
Kumamodeli agadiwe, lapho kutholakala khona izibonelo ezinelebula, ama-algorithms aqeqeshwa ukuthi Bafunda ubudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquko zokufaka kanye neguquguquko eliqondiwe (isibonelo, ukuthi ikhasimende lizochofoza, lithenge, noma likhansele isevisi). Kulesi simo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezisukela kumamodeli akudala kuya kwanamuhla. ukufunda okujulile ekwazi ukuphatha idatha eyinkimbinkimbi njengezithombe noma umbhalo.
Ezinkingeni ezingagadiwe, umgomo uvame ukuba thola izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezifihliwe, njengamaqembu amakhasimende anezimilo ezifanayo noma imikhiqizo ethengwa ndawonye. Amasu anjengokuqoqana, imithetho yokuhlanganisa, noma ukuhlaziywa kwephethini elandelanayo asetshenziswa kule njongo.
Amamodeli okubikezela athuthuke kakhulu angafinyelela dala izibikezelo zesikhathi sangempelaLokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ezimweni lapho isivinini sempendulo sibalulekile, njengokuvunyelwa kokuthengiselana, ukubhida okuzenzakalelayo ekukhangiseni kwedijithali, noma ukutholakala kokuziphatha okungajwayelekile.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela
Uma amamodeli esewakhiwe, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yayo kokubili ngokobuchwepheshe kanye nangokwebhizinisiEzingeni lobuchwepheshe, izilinganiso ezifana nokunemba, ukukhumbula, i-AUC, iphutha eliyisikwele, njll. ziyabuyekezwa, kuqhathaniswe imiphumela ekuqeqeshweni, ekuqinisekisweni kanye nasezivivinyweni ukuze kugwenywe ukufakwa ngokweqile.
Kodwa ukuhlolwa akugcini nje ngezibalo. Lokho kubaluleke ngendlela efanayo. ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphetho zinengqondo kumongo webhizinisiNgokuvamile, abaholi bamabhizinisi babuyekeza amaphethini atholakele, bathole amathuba amasha, noma baveze imiphumela engeyiyo edinga ukulungiswa kwemodeli noma ukubuyela emuva ukuze kuthuthukiswe idatha.
Lo mjikelezo wonke wokuhlola, impendulo, kanye nokulungiswa kuyingxenye yemvelo yenqubo yokuthola ulwazi. Ngezinye izikhathi imodeli iphendula umbuzo wokuqala kahle, futhi ngezinye izikhathi Kuvula ithuba lemibuzo emisha. okwakungacatshangelwanga ekuqaleni, okwenza ukuhlaziywa kwanda.
6. Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemodeli
Isigaba sokugcina siqukethe ukuletha imodeli ekukhiqizweniOkusho ukuthi, ukuyihlanganisa nezinqubo nezinhlelo zenhlangano ukuze ikhiqize inani njalo: amadeshibhodi, izinjini zokuncoma, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, ukuhlukaniswa okuguquguqukayo, njll.
Usosayensi wedatha uvame ukubamba iqhaza ku- ukuhlela ukusetshenziswa, ukuqapha kanye nokugcinwa yemodeli, kuyilapho amanye amaphrofayili ebhizinisi esebenzisa imiphumela ukukhiqiza imibiko, ukwenza izinqumo, ukuqalisa imikhankaso, ukuklama kabusha izinqubo, noma ukudlulisela ulwazi kubaphathi.
Ezindaweni ezivuthiwe, umjikelezo oqhubekayo uyasungulwa ukuqapha ukusebenza, ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kanye nokuthuthukiswaNgoba idatha yebhizinisi kanye nomongo kuyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: lokho okwasebenza ngonyaka odlule kungase kungasasebenzi uma imikhuba yamakhasimende noma izimo zemakethe zishintsha.
Amasu abalulekile okumba idatha
Ngaphakathi kwezindlela ezitholakalayo, kunezindlela eziningana ikakhulukazi amasu okumba idatha asakazekile ngenxa yokusiza kwazo ezimweni zebhizinisi ezahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngayinye isabela ezinhlosweni ezahlukene, futhi ivame ukuhlanganiswa kuphrojekthi efanayo.
imithetho yenhlangano
Imithetho yokuhlangana ifuna ubudlelwano bokwenzeka kanyekanye phakathi kwezinto ngaphakathi kwesethi enkulu yokuthengiselana. Ziyisisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwe-"basket yokuthenga" yakudala, lapho inhloso iwukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo evame ukuthengwa ndawonye ukuze kuklanywe ukukhushulwa, amaphakethe noma izincomo.
Ngezindlela ezinjengokusekela, ukuzethemba, noma ukuphakama, kutholakala amaphethini anjengokuthi "labo abathenga u-X no-Y bavame ukuthenga u-Z." Le mithetho ayisebenzi nje kuphela ekuthengiseni kodwa futhi nasezitolo. ukuziphatha kokuphequlula iwebhu, inhlanganisela yezinsizakalo ezivunyelwene ngazo, noma ukulandelana kwemicimbi ezinhlelweni zezimboni.
Ukuqoqa
Ukuhlanganisa kuqukethe dala amaqembu ezinto ezifana nomunye nomunye ngokwezici eziningi, ngaphandle kokuba namalebula angaphambilini. Ngokungafani nokuhlela, lapho amakilasi esevele echazwe khona, lapha idatha ngokwayo "iphakamisa" ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqembu.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuhlukanisa amakhasimende ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwawo, ukuhlonza amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwesevisi, noma ukuthola amaphrofayili engozi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusungula imithetho yangaphambilini. Amaqoqo avelayo avame ukuhunyushwa kanye nebhizinisi ukuze anikeze incazelo futhi anqume ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe esigabeni ngasinye.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ukuhlukaniswa kuyindlela eqondisiwe ehloselwe bikezela ukuthi irekhodi elisha lizoba ngeliphi isigaba ngokusekelwe ezibonelweni zomlando. Isibonelo, ukunquma ukuthi ukuthengiselana kungenzeka kube ukukhwabanisa, ukuthi ikhasimende lizoyishiya yini isevisi, noma ukuthi i-imeyili ingugaxekile.
Eminyakeni yamuva, intuthuko in amamodeli okufunda okujulile kanye nokucubungula kwesikhathi sangempela Bathuthukise kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinedatha engahlelekile, njengombhalo wamahhala, izithombe, noma izimpawu. Namuhla kungenzeka ukuqeqesha amamodeli enza izinqumo ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokunemba, yize ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuhumusha ngaphakathi ukuthi afinyelela kanjani kulezo ziphetho.
Ukubikezela nokubuyela emuva
Ukubuyela emuva kanye nezinye izindlela zokubikezela zifuna ukulinganisa amanani esikhathi esizayo e-variable yezinombolo (ukuthengisa, imali engenayo, amathuba okuzenzakalelayo, njll.) ngokusekelwe ebuhlotsheni babo nezinye izinto ezizimele. Bathembele kudatha yomlando ukuze bavumelane nomsebenzi ophinda idatha ebonwe ngokuphambuka okuncane kakhulu.
Isibonelo esijwayelekile kungaba ukukhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthengisa kwangaphambilini, isikhathi sonyaka, imikhankaso yokumaketha, kanye nezimo zomnotho ku- imali engenayo yephrojekthi yesikhathi esizayoLezi zindlela ziyisisekelo sokuhlela ezezimali, ukuphathwa kwempahla, kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.
Amaphethini alandelanayo
Amaphethini alandelanayo agxile ku thola ukuthi ukuthengiselana noma izehlakalo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathiEsikhundleni sokugxila nje ekutheni yiziphi izakhi ezibonakala ndawonye, bahlaziya ukulandelana kwazo nokuthi zenzeka kangaki.
Lokhu kuvumela, isibonelo, ukutholwa izindlela zokuthenga ezijwayelekile unyaka wonke kanye nokuklama amasu okuncoma imikhiqizo ngezikhathi lapho, ngokusho kwedatha yomlando, ikhasimende lingeke liyithenge lodwa. Zisetshenziswa futhi ekukhangiseni, ekutholeni ukukhwabanisa, ekuhlaziyeni amarekhodi ezokwelapha, kanye nasekugcinweni kwezibikezelo.
Izinhlobo zedatha ezingambiwa
Akuyona yonke idatha enesakhiwo esifanayo noma ephathwa ngendlela efanayo, kodwa izindawo eziningi zebhizinisi zinezigaba eziningana ezingasetshenziswa ngokumbiwa kwedatha ukuze kutholakale ukuqonda okuhluke kakhulu futhi okuhambisanayo.
Idatha ehleliwe
Lena yimininingwane ekhona Bawahlela ngamatafula anemigqa namakholomu., njengezizindalwazi zobudlelwano zendabuko. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amarekhodi okuthengisa, ukuthengiselana kwebhange, isitokwe, ama-oda, amathikithi okusekela, kanye nolwazi lwamakhasimende olunezinkambu ezichazwe kahle.
Lolu hlobo lwedatha lulula kakhulu ukuluhlanganisa kumaphrojekthi okumba ngoba Ifika ilungele imibuzo ehlelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezibalofuthi yilona eliye lasekela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-BI kanye nokubika ngokomlando.
Idatha engahlelekile
Idatha engahlelekile ihlanganisa Umbhalo wamahhala, ama-imeyili, imiyalezo yezokuxhumana, amadokhumenti, amavidiyo, ama-audio, noma izithombeAzihambelani kahle nefomethi yethebula yakudala, kodwa ziqukethe ulwazi oluningi mayelana nemibono, ukuziphatha, noma izimo.
Ukuzihlaziya kudinga ukusebenzisa amasu ukucubungula ulimi lwemvelo (i-NLP), umbono wekhompyutha, kanye namamodeli okufunda okujulileNamuhla, ngenxa yalezi zindlela, kungenzeka ukukhipha imizwa kumazwana, ukuhlukanisa amadokhumenti, ukuqaphela izinto ezithombeni, noma ngisho nokukhiqiza izifinyezo ezizenzakalelayo.
Idatha yesikhathi kanye nochungechunge lwesikhathi
Iqoqo ledatha lesikhashana amanani ashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathiAmanani esitoko, izilinganiso zezinzwa, amarekhodi okushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ithrafikhi yewebhu, njll. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa njengesibonelo sochungechunge lwesikhathi.
Ukumbiwa kwedatha kugxila kulolu hlobo lwedatha Thola izitayela, izinkathi zonyaka, izinguquko zesimiso, kanye nokungafaniKubalulekile emikhakheni efana nezezimali, ezokuthutha, imboni noma i-climatology, lapho ukulindela intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kwenza umehluko omkhulu wokuncintisana.
Idatha yendawo
Idatha yendawo ifaka phakathi ingxenye yendawo noma indawonjengezixhumanisi ze-GPS, amamephu, izindawo ezinethonya, noma ulwazi lwe-cartographic. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlela imizila, ukuhlaziya ukusatshalaliswa kwamakhasimende, ukuphatha ingqalasizinda, noma ukutadisha izenzakalo zasemadolobheni.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokumbiwa kwedatha nezinhlelo zolwazi lwendawo (i-GIS) kuvumela thola amaphethini okuziphatha ahlobene nendawo, lungiselela ukulethwa, thola izitolo ezintsha noma uhlole izingozi ezindaweni ezithile.
Idatha yokuthengiselana kanye namanye amafomethi
Idatha yokuthengiselana ikhiqizwa njalo uma Isenzo esithile: ukuthenga ku-inthanethi, ukubhukha izindiza, ukuchofoza kuwebhusayithi, ukudluliselwa, ukubhaliswa kwezinsizakalo noma ukukhanselwaUkuthengiselana ngakunye ngokuvamile kunesihlonzi esiyingqayizivele kanye nesethi yezimfanelo ezikuchazayo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinye izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezifana nalezi: idatha yokuklama ubunjiniyela, ukulandelana kwezinto eziphilayo, ukusakazwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, amagrafu, idatha yendawo ecebile, noma okuqukethwe okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-multimediaNgayinye idinga ukwelashwa okuthile, kodwa konke, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, kusengozini yokumbiwa ukuze kutholakale inani.
Izicelo kanye namacala okusetshenziswa kokumbiwa kwedatha
Ukumbiwa kwedatha akuyona ubuchwepheshe belebhu: Sekuvele kusetshenziswa nsuku zonke emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene kakhuluUkusetshenziswa kwayo kuyahlukahluka kusukela kwezempilo kuya kwezezimali, okuhlanganisa imboni, ukumaketha, kanye nokuthutha, futhi kuzo zonke lezi zindawo inikeza izinzuzo ezithile.
Umkhakha wezempilo
Emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukumbiwa kwedatha kuvumela ukusheshisa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ukuthuthukisa ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinsizaNgokuhlaziya umlando wezokwelapha, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, imikhuba yesiguli, kanye nedatha yedivayisi, kungatholakala amaphethini asiza ekutholeni izifo kusenesikhathi, ukwenza ukwelashwa kube ngokwakho, noma ukulindela imiphumela emibi.
Abahlinzeki basebenzisa lezi zindlela ukuze Ukulungisa amathempulethi, ukulindela ukuphakama kwesidingo, ukuthola ukukhwabanisa okungenzeka komshuwalense wezempilo noma ukungahambisani kumarekhodiNgokombono wesiguli, ulwazi olutholakele lwenza kube lula ukuklama izinhlelo zokuvimbela nezokulandelela eziphumelela kakhudlwana.
Izimboni nokukhiqiza
Embonini, idatha igeleza ivela ku- kusukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemaliUkumbiwa kwedatha kusiza ukuhlaziya isixhumanisi ngasinye enkambisweni kanye nochungechunge lonke.
Isibonelo, kungatholakala ukuthi umhlinzeki uletha kancane kodwa ngamaphutha ambalwa, okuvumela imisebenzi ukuthi ihlelwe kabusha ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ukubambezeleka kungathinti umphumela ophelele. Noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthi umhlinzeki oshesha kakhulu udala amaphutha amaningi futhi akhiqize izindleko ezifihliwe ekubuyiselweni nasekusebenzeni kabusha.
Ngokusebenzisa amamodeli okumba, umuntu angakwazi Thola izithiyo, bikezela ukuphazamiseka, lungisa ukuhlela, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizonjalo ubheke ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko, isikhathi kanye nezinga lenkonzo.
Izinsizakalo zezezimali
Emabhange, emshwalenseni, nakwezinye izinsizakalo zezezimali, ukumba idatha kubalulekile kokubili ukuphathwa kwezingozi zangaphakathi kanye nokusebenza kanye nolwazi lwamakhasimende. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwenani elikhulu lemisebenzi ukuthola amaphethini angabonisa ukukhwabanisa noma ukwehluleka kohlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, idatha yokuziphatha, imikhiqizo ekhokhelwe izinkontileka, kanye nokuthengiselana kusiza ekwenzeni yenza kube ngokwakho okunikezwayo, uklame imikhankaso ethile, ubonise amathuba okuba khona kokungahleliwe, noma ulindele izidingo zezimaliAmamodeli aphinde asebenzele ukubekwa phambili kwamakhasimende, ukuhlola izicelo zesikweletu, kanye nokuhambisana nezimfuneko zokulawula ezilawulayo.
Ukumaketha nokuthengisa
Ukumaketha nokuthengisa kuphakathi kwezinkambu ezizuza kakhulu ekubambeni idatha. Ngokuhlaziya ulwazi mayelana namakhasimende, ukuthengwa, ukuphequlula iwebhu, ukusebenzisana kwezokuxhumana, kanye nezimpendulo zomkhankaso, kungenzeka... chaza izingxenye ezinembile kakhulu, lungisa imiyalezo bese uqalisa ukukhushulwa okunomthelela omkhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwebhasikidi lokuthenga, izincomo zomkhiqizo, ukuhlonza amakhasimende asengozini yokushiywa, kanye nokwenza ngcono intengo kuyizibonelo ezicacile. Kwezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce, ukumba idatha kubalulekile ekwenzeni yenza kube ngokwakho isipiliyoni sokuthenga, wandise izinga lokuguqulwa, futhi uthuthukise ukugcinwa kwabasebenzisi kanye nokukhuthaza amasu e- ukumaketha kokudala kanye nedatha.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nezintambo zokuhlinzeka
Kwezokuthutha, idatha evela ku- ama-oda, imizila, izikhathi zokulethwa, amazinga esitokwe kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali Zivumela ukudalwa kwamamodeli okubikezela isidingo, usayizi wezindawo zokugcina impahla, ukwenza ngcono imizila, nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka.
Ukumbiwa kwedatha kusiza ekwenzeni bhalansi amazinga esitokwe, gwema ukuphela kwesitokwe, futhi unciphise izindleko ezengeziwengenkathi kugcinwa isevisi yamakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubhekisela ulwazi oluvela ezixhumanisini ezahlukene kulolu chungechunge, kungatholakala ukungasebenzi kahle obekungeke kuqashelwe.
Izinzuzo nezinselele zokumbiwa kwedatha
Ukusebenzisa ukumba idatha ngendlela ehlelekile kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezicacile zokuncintisana, yize futhi kuletha izinselele ezibalulekile okufanele zikhunjulwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuchazwa kabi noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezinsizakusebenza.
Izinzuzo eziphambili
- Ukutholwa kwamaphethini afihliwe: ikhono lokubona ubudlelwano kanye nokuziphatha okungabonwa ngemibiko yendabuko, okuwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezifana nokutholwa kokukhwabanisa noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-churn.
- Izinqumo ezisekelwe ebufakaziniAmamodeli akhiqiza ukuqonda okulinganiselwe okunciphisa ukuqonda njengokuphela kwendlela yokukhetha, okuthuthukisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kanye nencazelo yesu.
- Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahleNgokubona ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nokubikezela isidingo, izindleko, isikhathi, kanye namaphutha ezinqubweni zebhizinisi kuyancishiswa.
- Ulwazi olungcono lwamakhasimendeUkwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwezipesheli, okuqukethwe kanye nezinsizakalo kusekelwe ekuqondeni okujulile ukuziphatha kanye nezintandokazi zomsebenzisi ngamunye.
- Ukubikezela izitayela zesikhathi esizayoUkuhlaziya idatha yomlando kukuvumela ukuthi ubikezele ukunyakaza kwemakethe noma izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwabathengi.
- Shayela ukuze uthole izinto ezintshaIdatha yembula izidingo ezingakahlangatshezwa kanye nezindawo ezintsha ezikhuthaza imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezahlukene.
- Ukuphathwa kwengozi okunembe kakhudlwanaKwezezimali, umshwalense, noma ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi, amamodeli okumba izimayini asiza ekulinganiseni nasekuphatheni izingozi ngendlela eqinile.
Izinselelo nokucatshangelwa
Kanye nalezi zinzuzo, ukumba idatha kuhilela ukuphatha ezinye izinselele ezibalulekile mayelana nekhwalithi yedatha, ukuhumusha imodeli, kanye nokuhambisana nemithethoUma idatha yokuqala imbi noma ichemile, imiphumela nayo izoba mibi noma ichemile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-algorithm iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amamodeli eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuba nzima nakakhulu chaza ukuthi kungani benza izinqumo ezithileLokhu kuye kwaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu e-AI achazayo. Futhi, vele, umthetho wobumfihlo, ukuphepha, kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha kumele uhlonishwe njalo, uklame amaphrojekthi okumba ngombono wokuziphatha nowokuzibophezela.
Ukumbiwa kwedatha kanye ne-Big Data: ukuthi zihlangana kanjani
Ubudlelwano phakathi Ukumbiwa kwedatha enkulu kanye nedatha kuyahambisana ngokupheleleI-Big Data ibhekisela kusethi yobuchwepheshe kanye nezakhiwo ezikwazi ukubamba, ukugcina, kanye nokucubungula ulwazi oluningi kakhulu ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kanye nesivinini, kuyilapho ukumba idatha kuyisethi yamasu okuhlaziya avumela ukuguqula leyo datha ibe ulwazi oluwusizo.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-Big Data ingabonakala njenge- ifa ledatha eluhlaza (amalogi, ukuthengiselana, izinzwa, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, njll.), kanye nokumbiwa kwedatha okufana isethi yezindlela "eziphatha" leyo mpahla ukukhipha amaphethini, izibikezelo, kanye nezincomo. Namuhla, zombili lezi zifundo zithembele ku-AI ethuthukisiwe kanye nama-algorithms ezenzakalelayo afiphaza imingcele, ahlanganisa ukuhlaziya okuchazayo, okubikezelayo, kanye nokunqumayo epulatifomu eyodwa.
Ukuqonda lokhu kuhambisana kuvumela ukwakheka kwezixazululo lapho ingqalasizinda ye-Big Data iqinisekisa ukutholakala kanye nokukhula, kuyilapho ukumbiwa kwedatha kanye nesayensi yedatha kugxile ku imiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze nokuthi ungazihumusha kanjani izimpendulo zibe izinqumo zebhizinisi.
Ukumbiwa kwedatha sekuzenze umgogodla wokuhlaziya kwanamuhla ngoba kunikeza lokho kanye izinhlangano ezikudingayo: ikhono lokuguqula inani elikhulu ledatha libe ulwazi olusebenzisekayo...ngokuqhubekayo nangokuvumelana nezimo endaweni eshintshayo. Ukwazi kahle imiqondo yayo, amasu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza akuseyona "into eyengeziwe" kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyikhono elibalulekile kochwepheshe nezinkampani ezifuna ukugcina ithuba lokuncintisana emakethe eqhutshwa idatha. ikusasa lomsebenzi.