Iqoqo lemisebenzi yesayensi libonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha ku-SARS-CoV-2 ihlotshaniswa nokukhuphuka okulinganiselwa kokungu- 10% ekubambezelekeni kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ebuntwaneni, ngokugcizelela ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ze inkumbulo y ukufundaIziphetho ziba namandla njengoba izingane ezivezwe esibelethweni sezineminyaka engaba mihlanu ubudala, iminyaka lapho le misebenzi ibonakala khona kakhudlwana.
Ucwaningo lugqugquzelwe ngabakwa I-Institute of Neurosciences (CSIC-UMH) futhi kuqhathaniswe ngu izifundo ze-epidemiological yakamuva emazweni amaningana. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ingozi yayiphezulu uma omama babenayo izifo ezinomthamo wegciwane egazini futhi wehlise lapho ukukhulelwa kuvikelwe ngu ukugoma.
Okwembulwa ubufakazi obusha
Ithimba eliholwa isazi sezinzwa USalvador Martinez ishicilele imiphumela ebalulekile ngo-2023 Amasayensi Wempilo Yeselula, okwathi ngo-2025 kwaba kusekelwa ukulandelwa amaqoqo emitholampilo kanye nokuqhathanisa. Sekukonke, ukuhlaziya kukhombisa a Ukwanda ngo-10% ekuxilongweni okuhambisana nokubambezeleka kokukhula kwengqondo phakathi kwezingane ezizalwe zichayeke egciwaneni ngaphambi kokutholakala jikelele kwemithi yokugoma.
Lolu phawu alusho ukuthi i-determinism: izingane eziningi zikhula ngokujwayelekile, kodwa kwandisa ingozi amathuba okuba nobunzima emisebenzini encike ku-hippocampal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaqenjini omama agonyiwe umkhuba wabonwa ngase umthelela omncane, okuhambisana nokunciphisa inani legciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Imisebenzi iqhathanisa labo abazalwa ezimweni ezifanayo ngaphambi, phakathi nangemuva wegagasi lokuqala, egcizelela ukuthi umehluko ugxile kulabo ababenakho ukuchayeka kwe-intrauterine kanye nezimo zomama eziqine kakhulu.
Ababhali batusa ukuqapha kwe-neurodevelopmental ebuntwaneni kanye nokufinyelela ekusekelweni kwezemfundo lapho kunezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zenkumbulo, ulimi noma izinkinga zokunaka.
Phakathi kwezindawo ezigadwayo, okulandelayo kuyagqama: ulimi, ukuziphatha namakhono we ukufunda, ikakhulukazi kusukela eminyakeni engu-4-6, lapho lawa makhono ehlolwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Kungani isonto lama-20 liyisihluthulelo
La Isonto lama-20 lokukhulelwa kuphawula isikhathi esibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe i-cerebral cortex nasekuhleleni amasekethe azokweseka ukufunda kamuva. Kulesi sigaba, amaprotheni I-ACE2 uhlanganyela ku ukufuduka kwe-neuronal nasekugelezeni komoya-mpilo, futhi kuphinde kube yisango lokuya endaweni I-SARS-CoV-2.
Kulesi sigaba sokukhula kwe-fetus, i- isithiyo sobuchopho begazi, okushiya ama-neuron athile angavuthiwe evezwe kakhudlwana kuma-agent angaphandle. Le nhlanganisela—inkulumo ephezulu ye-ACE2 nokuvikelwa okungaphelele—kungase kusize ukufika kwegciwane esicutshini sezinzwa.
Ngokwethimba le-CSIC-UMH, isigaba esimaphakathi sokukhulelwa sizwela kakhulu ezakhiweni ezihilelekile inkumbulo y ukufunda, okuqinisa isidingo sokulandelela ezinganeni ezinokuchayeka okubonisiwe ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Abacwaningi bafake amasu e-histological kanye nama-molecular ukukhomba ukuthi yimaphi amangqamuzana asengozini kakhulu, kugxilwe kuwo. izifunda ze-limbic njenge i-hippocampus.
Lezi zindlela zebhayoloji zihambisana namaphethini omtholampilo abonwe kamuva ekuhlolweni kwe ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo futhi i ulimi.
Igciwane lifinyelela kanjani ku-fetus hippocampus
Ukuhlaziywa kwe ubuchopho be-fetus yamaviki angama-20 anikelwe ngemuva kokuhushula izisu okuzenzakalelayo ngo-2020 kutholwe ukuba khona kwe igciwane ifomu okugxile kumaseli wesifunda se-embryonic i-hippocampus, okuwumgogodla obalulekile wokubhala ngekhodi izinkumbulo nokusungula ukufunda.
Amacala nge inani legciwane egazini likamama eliphezulu -labo ababedinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela - kwakungenzeka kakhulu izinguquko ekukhuleni kobuchophoLe phethini isiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukushuba kwesithombe somtholampilo kumama kuyisici esifanelekile ku- ingozi ye-fetus.
Izinguquko ezichaziwe zihlobene ne ubunzima bokunaka, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile nezinkinga ze ukufunda okungezona i-syndromic, ngaphandle kokusho ukuxilongwa kwezigaba kuzo zonke izingane eziveziwe.
Ithimba ligcizelela ukuthi ukuhlonza izimpawu ezicashile ngesikhathi inkumbulo yokusebenza noma ekutholeni ulimi ivumela ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okunempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Le ndlela yesibili yokuvimbela ihambisana nobufakazi obuqoqwayo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neurodevelopment kanye nempilo yomphakathi yokubeletha.
Imiphi imiphumela ebonwa ekukhuleni kwengane?
Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yaselabhorethri, imisebenzi eminingi i-epidemiology y ukulandelwa komtholampilo sebeqalile ukulinganisa umthelela. E-Aragon, ucwaningo lokubuyela emuva olunamarekhodi asuka ku-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2017 lwathola ubungozi obukhulayo i-neurodevelopment eshintshiwe, ngomehluko omkhulu ku ulimi y ukuziphatha.
Abacwaningi base-Australia babika lokho ama-methylations amaningi ku-DNA ekuzalweni kanye namaphuzu aphansi ezivivinyweni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neurodevelopment ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezinganeni ezivezwe esibelethweni kuya i-covid enzima, njengoba kubikiwe I-Psychiatry yamaphilisi.
EBrazil, iqembu elalizoba yiqembu labona ukwanda kwengozi ukukhubazeka kwe-neurodevelopmental, okunomthelela okhethekile ku imoto enhle kanye nobubanzi siqu-somphakathi; a 10% kwalabo abethuliwe i-cranial ultrasound engavamilengokusho Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezifo Ezithathelwanayo.
Le miphumela ihambisana nokwanda kwe 10% en ukushoda kwengqondo echazwe yi-CSIC-UMH, futhi iqinise isidingo soku ukuhlola kanye nokwesekwa ngokwengqondo lapho kufaneleka khona.
Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bayaphikelela ekugwemeni ukwethuka: umphumela uwukuthi okungenzeka, akukho jikelelefuthi i imvelo yomndeni kanye nesikole kungaba isiguqo ubunzima obungenzeka.
Imiphumela yomtholampilo kanye nokuvimbela
Esinye seziphetho ezifanele kakhulu indima ye- ukugoma ekukhulelweni, ehambisana nezincane i-viral charge futhi, ngakho-ke, ku-a ingozi encishisiwe ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa ze-fetus. Imikhankaso eqondile yabesifazane abakhulelwe ihambisana nalobu bufakazi.
Ekunakekelweni okuyinhloko kanye nokwelashwa kwezingane kunconywa qapha ingqophamlando ukuthuthukiswa, ngokunaka ulimi, lo inkumbulo futhi i ukuzilawulaUma kuvela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, kuhle ukuthi ubhekisele kuzo ngokushesha ukuvuselela kokuqala noma i-neuropsychology yengane.
Amaqembu ocwaningo ayaqhubeka ne i-seguimiento longitudinal kulawa maqoqo ukuze ucacise i ukuphikelela yemiphumela kanye nobudlelwano bazo nezinto ezithinta imvelo nezemfundo.
Omaka bebhayoloji nabo bayahlolwa ukuze basize ukukhomba izingane ezisengozini enkulu. ubungozi futhi wenze ukungenelela kube ngokwakho.
Ukuxhumana nemindeni kufanele kube ecacile futhi ezolile: bika okutholiwe, hlinzeka ngezinsiza, futhi ugweme ukucwaswa okungadingekile.
Ngalokho osekufundiwe kuze kube manje, yonke into ikhomba ukuthi i Ukutheleleka nge-Covid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ikwazile ukushiya uphawu olulinganisekayo ezinganeni ezincane, ezibonakala ngaphezu kwakho konke ku inkumbulo nokufunda; ngesikhathi esifanayo, i ukugonywa komama, lo ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwesekwa okufanele kwezemfundo kuvela njengamathuluzi awusizo kakhulu vikela i-neurodevelopment kulesi sizukulwane.