Izibonakude emhlabeni wonke ziqaphe ngeso lokhozi 3I/ATLAS, into yesithathu ephakathi kwezinkanyezi siqinisekise ukuthi sivakashele endaweni yangakithi. Ukudlula kwayo kuSolar System kunikeza ithuba elingandile lokufunda a inkanyezi enomsila yakheka izungeza enye inkanyezi, ngefasitela lokubuka elibalulekile emasontweni azayo.
Lesi sivakashi sicuphe ama-alamu esayensi ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: ukwakheka kwe-atypical okubuswa i-carbon dioxide, izimpawu zomsebenzi ezindaweni ezikude ukusuka eLangeni, nezici ezingavamile ze-photometric ne-polarimetric. Konke lokhu kwenza kube yisibonelo sokuqala, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wesidingo sokuqapha lapho utolika okungaqondakali.
Isivakashi sezinkanyezi esine-Martian rendezvous
Itholwe ngomhlaka-1 Julayi yinethiwekhi ye-ATLAS, i-3I/ATLAS inqamula i-a buyisela emuva i-hyperbolic orbit eqinisekisa umsuka wayo ngale kwe-Solar System. Ngomhla zi-3 kuMfumfu, izodlula cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-29 ukusuka ku-Mars, okuyijiyomethri iNASA efuna ukusizakala ngayo ngekhamera ye-orbiter ye-HiRISE. I-Orbiter ye-Reconnaissance ye-Mars ukuzama ukuthwebula imininingwane ye-coma futhi, uma sinenhlanhla, indawo engaphakathi kakhulu yento.
I-trajectory iphinde isho ukuthi, eduze ne-perihelion, inkanyezi enomsila izofihlwa ngemuva kweLanga ngombono woMhlaba, ukubonwa okunzima okuvela eMhlabeni. Noma kunjalo, ukuwela i-Martian kuvula iwindi eliyingqayizivele lokukhipha idatha enokulungiswa okuphezulu esiza ukuchaza ukubukeka kwayo nomsebenzi endaweni yelanga.
Esikwaziyo ngokubunjwa kwayo nomsebenzi
Isethi ehlanganisiwe yama-observatories -I-JWST, SPHEREx, TESS kanye ne-Hubble-ibe idweba isithombe samakhemikhali nesiguquguqukayo senkanyezi enomsila. Idatha evela ku-James Webb ikhombisa isilinganiso se-carbon dioxide namanzi esingaba ngu-8 kuya ku-1 ku-coma, enye yazo amanani aphezulu akalwa kunkanyezi enomsilaLesi silinganiso siphakamisa ukuthi i-3I/ATLAS kungenzeka yakheka eduze komugqa weqhwa we-CO2 wesistimu yayo yasekhaya noma ihlangabezane nomlando wemisebe ohlukile.
I-SPHEREx ithole ukukoma okugcwele kwe-CO2 kanye namanzi, kuyilapho i-TESS ihlinzeka ngezithombe zokubuyisela ezithathwe ngaphambi kwesimemezelo esisemthethweni esibonisa. umsebenzi mayelana namayunithi angu-6 ezinkanyezi avela eLangeni, ngale komjikelezo we-Jupiter. Lokhu “kuphaphama” okukude kuhambisana namaqhwa ancipha kalula, njenge-CO2 uqobo, futhi isivinini esikhulu ukuya phambili ilinganiselwa ku-221.000 km/h uma isondela eLangeni.
Usayizi oyinhloko kanye nokuvela komsila wayo
Ngokuhambisanayo, u-Hubble ulinganise a iradius of the core eduze kwamakhilomitha angu-2,8, inesizotha uma kuqhathaniswa nenkanyezi enomsila, ezungezwe imvilophu esakazekile. Njengoba isondela ohlelweni lweSolar olungaphakathi, izithombe ezivela kusibonakude iGemini South eChile zembula ukukoma okubanzi nomsila ozwakalayo, oqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wayo ubulokhu ukhula uma kuqhathaniswa namashothi adlule.
Ukulandelana kwakamuva okujulile, okunemibala eminingi ngensimbi ye-GMOS kubonisa umsila ofinyelela esibhakabhakeni kanye nomkhulu. ukukhiqizwa kothuli negesi. Ngemuva kwe-perihelion, uma izimo zivuma, i-3I/ATLAS izobhekwa futhi kusuka kuplanethi yethu futhi a ukusondela eMhlabeni cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-269 ngoDisemba, ngaphandle kobungozi.
Izinkomba ekukhanyeni kwayo: i-polarization engavamile
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lulinganise a ikakhulukazi i-polarization ejulile engalungile ku-3I/ATLAS, ene-flip angle ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okwaziwa ngama-comets ku-Solar System, naku-2I/Borisov. Le mpendulo yokukhanya okuhlakazekile ikhomba izici eziyingqayizivele zothuli—usayizi, isakhiwo, noma ukwakheka—futhi iphakamisa ukuthi sibhekene nenani lezinto ezingathathwanga kahle kuze kube manje.
Incazelo enengqondo kakhulu ihlala ingokwemvelo, nakuba abanye abacwaningi, njengo-Avi Loeb, besimema ukuthi sigcine ingqondo evulekile mayelana nokuziphatha okungavamile futhi baye bahlongoza. izilinganiso zokuhlola i-anomaly zalezi zivakashi. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuthola izithombe nge-HiRISE kanye ne-spectra entsha kuzobaluleka ukuze kunqunywe usayizi osebenzayo we-nucleus futhi uyihlobanise izakhiwo ze-optical kutholiwe.
Iwindi lokwakhiwa kwamanye amasistimu
I-3I/ATLAS imane nje isivakashi sesithathu se-interstellar kubhekwe, ngemva kuka-1I/`Oumuamua kanye no-2I/Borisov. Ngayinye ibonise izici zayo, futhi kulokhu, ukuchichima kwe-CO2 nomsebenzi wayo okude kungaba yinkomba mayelana kanjani futhi kuphiImodeli ezimele ngisho isikisela ukuthi kungaba omdala kuneLanga, okuthi, uma kuqinisekisiwe, kungenza ukwakheka kwayo kube ikhemikhali yesikhathi ye-primordial chemistry.
Umkhankaso ungowomhlaba wonke: I-Hubble ne-JWST ihlinzeka ngesixazululo kanye ne-spectra, i-SPHEREx iveza amaqhwa namagesi, i-TESS yakha kabusha isikhathi sayo esidlule, kanti i-Gemini South ilandela ukuvela kwayo kokuma kwemvelo. Eminingi yale miphumela isakazwa kuma-preprints kanye izoba ngaphansi kokubuyekezwa kontanga; izigaba ezilandelayo—ukuwela i-Martian, i-perihelion ngo-Okthoba 29, nokubhekwa okulandelayo—kufanele kunikeze isithombe esicacile salesi sithunywa esivela kwenye inkanyezi.
Ngohlelo oluqinile kanye nenhlanganisela yejiyomethri evumelana nezinselelo zokubuka, Amasonto alandelayo azoba ukhiye ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-3I/ATLAS iziphatha ngendlela eziphatha ngayo: kusukela kukhemistri elawulwa yi-CO2 ukuya kusignesha yayo ehlukile ye-polarimetric, okuhlanganisa nokukhula kwekhoma nomsila wayo. Uma konke kuhamba njengoba bekuhlelile, lesi sivakashi singasisiza sihlele kahle ukuthi siqhathanisa kanjani izinto ezivela kwezinye izinhlelo nalezo zasekhaya lethu.
