Ukufika Inkanyezi enomsila 3I/ATLAS iguqule i-ajenda yezinkanyezi yabheka phansi: emasontweni ambalwa nje, izithombe, i-spectra nokuhlaziya kuqoqwe okudweba isithombe sento njengevelakancane njengoba sivezwa. Kude nomsindo, idatha etholakalayo ichaza a Inkanyezi enomsila yemvelo nesebenzayo, ngezimo ezingajwayelekile ngamazinga weSolar System.
Ngaphandle kokuqagela, imikhankaso ehlanganisiwe neyesekelwe emkhathini ikhomba idlanzana lamaqiniso aqinile: umsebenzi webanga elide weLanga, ukutholwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukanisa amanzi, kanye nesakhiwo esibude esingajwayelekile esiqondaniswe nenkanyezi yethu. Ngokumelene nalokhu okwasemuva, umphakathi wesayensi ulungiselela ukuqapha okujulile efasiteleni lawo elilandelayo lokubonakala, lelo ihlola isayensi yezinkanyezi.
Esikwaziyo nge-3I/ATLAS
Kutholwe uhlelo lwenhlolovo ye-ATLAS e-Chile ngo 1 ngoJulayi, 3I/ATLAS ngokushesha yafakwa kusigaba njengento ephakathi kwezinkanyezi ngenxa ye-hyperbolic orbit yayo kanye nesivinini esikhulu, nxazonke. km 210.000 / h. Izilinganiso zokuqala nge-Hubble zibeka i-nucleus ebangeni elilinganiselwe 0,6 kuya ku-5,6 km, usayizi ohambisana ngokugcwele nezinkanyezi ezinomsila owaziwayo futhi ohambisana ne usayizi core.
Umzila wayo useduze kakhulu nendiza yamaplanethi, lapho lizodlula khona ngokuthambekela okuncane maqondana ne-ecliptic, eyenze kahle kakhulu ukusabalala kokubuka kusuka kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. Kodwa-ke, i-geometry isho ukuthi into izoba seduze kakhulu nokubenyezela kwelanga amasonto ambalwa, ikhawulele ukubonwa okwesikhashana.
Mayelana nokuphepha, izikhumbuzo zicacile: into izogcina a ubuncane bebanga elingu ~1,8 AU isihlobo soMhlaba, ngaphandle kobungozi. Ifinyelele i-perihelion yayo ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba futhi, ngokusho kwe-a umhlahlandlela ophelele, izokwenziwa itholakale futhi kusukela maphakathi noma ukuphela kukanovemba, enokukhanya okubuthakathaka kodwa yanele izibonakude zabasakhulayo.
Ngokunqunywa kahle kwe-orbit, amaqembu ase-Europe nase-United States axhumanise ishejuli yokukala ukuvela kwayo kwe-photometric nokuhlanganisa lapho kuvela futhi, ngenhloso yokwembula I-chemistry ye-coma yakho kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezizikhiphayo.
Indiza ebheke elangeni: i-anti-tail engakaze ibonwe
Isithombe se- Hubble ngoJulayi 21 beka etafuleni i-morphology emangazayo: ukukhazimula okunwetshiwe ohlangothini lwelanga, nge-aspect ratio eseduze 10:1 uma kubhekwa eceleni. Isakhiwo sihambisana nejometri yejethi noma i-antitail eqondiswe ngaseLangeni.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, i- I-Twin Telescope engamamitha amabili (i-TTT) ye-Teide Observatory, ihlanganisa ukuchayeka okungu-159 50-s okutholwe ngo-Agasti 2, iphinde yaqopha umcu omncane ocinene ohlangothini olufanayo, unwebeka cishe 6.000 km kusukela enkabeni kubonakale esibhakabhakeni. Ukuphindaphinda kwephethini kumathuluzi ahlukene kuqinisa ubuqiniso besici.
Ingachazwa kanjani into efana nale kunkanyezi enomsila? Inketho ebambekayo ukuthi i-3I/ATLAS iyaphuma okusanhlamvu okukhulu kanye nokucabangela okuphansi, ukuzwela kancane ekucindezelweni kwemisebe yelanga, ukuze inertia yabo kanye nokusheshisa okumnene kokuqala kungagcina indlela eqondiswe eLangeni isikhathi esithile.
Okunye okungenzeka, hhayi okukhethekile, yi-a i-anisotropic sublimation: Izindawo ze-core ezine-insolation ethandwayo zingakhulula okubalulekile ngendlela eqondile. Inhlanganisela ye-particle dynamics, i-observation geometry, nomoya welanga kungaveza ukucushwa okuphikisayo, okuhlanganisa i-antitail ebonakalayo ezigabeni ezithile.
Amanzi atholakala kude neLanga
Ngokuhambisanayo, i-Observatory UNeil Gehrels Swift kutholwe ku-ultraviolet isignesha ye-OH radical, umkhiqizo we-photodissociation yamanzi, lapho inkanyezi enomsila iseduze awu 2,9UUkubona i-OH kulelo banga kusho ukuthi iqhwa lamanzi lase likhishwa ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Amamodeli ababhali abeka izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamanzi endaweni ezungezile 40 kg / s Ngaleso sikhathi, inani eliphezulu lalelo banga. Lokhu kuziphatha kufanelana nokuba khona kwezingcezu ezineqhwa nothuli olucolisekile olwakha ifu elizungeze i-nucleus elikhulisa indawo esebenza ngaphansi kwe-sublimation.
Izilinganiso zokuqala ezihambisanayo nazo zikhomba ku-a Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-CO2 ku-coma, inhlanganisela ethi, uma kuqhathaniswa no-'Oumuamua (omile) kanye no-2I/Borisov (ocebile nge-CO), egcizelela ukuhlukahluka kwamakhemikhali ezinto ezikhishwe kwezinye izinhlelo zamaplanethi.
Ngale kwesihloko, ukutholwa kwamanzi kunkanyezi enomsila kuyithuba elihle: kuvumela linganisa izinqubo yomsebenzi one-yardstick efanayo okufundwa ngayo ama-comets ku-Solar System futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, qhathanisa ukuthi amaqhwa nezinto eziphilayo zihlanganiswa kanjani kwezinye izindawo zezinkanyezi.
Kusuka ku-Mars nokuthi yini elandelayo
Ngesikhathi isondela ku-Mars ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, i-ESA yakwazi ukuthwebula inkanyezi enomsila nge Landelela i-Orbiter yegesi (Ikhamera ye-CaSSIS). Izingoma zibonisa i-halo ehlukene ehambisana ne- ukuthuthukisa i-comaI-Mars Express nayo yazama ukuhlola, futhi uma ubheka phezulu, i-Perseverance yaqopha umzuzwana omncane esibhakabhakeni saseMartian.
Njengoba into manje ephuma ekubenyeni kwelanga, amaqembu abikezela ukubuya kwayo esibhakabhakeni sokusa ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, phansi ngasempumalanga, ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sobukhulu nxazonke. 12-13 (okuguquguqukayo kuye ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwangempela). Kuzoba okuqondiwe kuzo izibonakude ezimaphakathi nezinkulu, ikakhulukazi i-spectra kanye ne-polarimetry.
Emphakathini jikelele ngeke kube khona umbukwane uma uthi nhlá: 3I/ATLAS izosala dim kakhulu ngezibonakude. Noma kunjalo, izohlinzeka ngedatha yedatha yokucwenga amamodeli omsebenzi webanga elide kanye ne-physics yamajethi e-cometary ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile.
Ukuphikelela okubalulekile okuvela kuma-dynamicists: i-orbit ichazwe kahle futhi inkanyezi enomsila izohlala kude kakhulu noMhlabaIzinyanga ezizayo zizogxila ku-photometry enesivinini esikhulu, ukucinga ukuhlukahluka kwe-jet morphology, kanye nokulinganisa ukuvela kwamazinga okukhiqiza aguquguqukayo.
Okuphawulwe emavikini akamuva kunikeza isithombe esihambisanayo: I-3I/ATLAS iyinkanyezi enomsila Ngomsebenzi wangaphambi kwesikhathi, amanzi atholwa kude neLanga, kanye nesakhiwo esiqonde enkanyezini esibekela inselele imibono yethu mayelana namajethi nothuli. Ngokuvela kwayo kabusha, izingcezu ezengeziwe zizongezwa kule ndida ngaphandle kwesidingo semibono ekude.
