Inkanyezi enomsila 3I/ATLAS, isivakashi sesithathu esiqinisekisiwe esivela ngaphandle kwe-Solar SystemIdonse ukunaka komphakathi wesayensi ngenxa yendlela yayo kanye nethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuyibuka ngokuningiliziwe. Le nto yafinyelela endaweni yayo eseduze kakhulu neLanga ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba futhi Ayifaki ingozi. ngeplanethi yethu.
Kutholwe iphrojekthi ye-ATLAS e-Chile, i-3I/ATLAS iyahamba cishe 60 km/s futhi ilandela i-hyperbolic orbit, uphawu olungenakuphikiswa lomsuka wayo we-extrasolar. Okulindelekile kuphezulu eYurophu naseSpain, lapho Ama-Observatories nama-ejensi ahlele imikhankaso ukulandela inqubekelaphambili yayo futhi kukhishwe inzuzo enkulu yesayensi.
Iyini i-3I/ATLAS futhi yaqanjwa kanjani
Ukuqokwa kwayo kuchaza cishe yonke into: isiqalo "3I" sibonisa ukuthi i into yesithathu ye-interstellar kutholwe, ngemuva kuka-1I/'Oumuamua (2017) kanye no-2I/Borisov (2019), kanti i-“ATLAS” ibhekisele ohlelweni. I-Asteroid Terrestrial-Impact Last Alert System onesibopho sokutholwa kwayo. I-hyperbolic trajectory iqinisekisa ukuthi ayizungezi iLanga futhi idlula endaweni yethu ye-cosmic.
Okutholakele okubalulekile kanye nokubhekwa
Inkanyezi enomsila itholwe Julayi 1 ngu-ATLAS e-Río Hurtado (Chile), kanye nezibuyekezo zengobo yomlando zembule okucatshangelwe ngaphambilini okusukela kuJuni 14. Izilinganiso ezalandela nge-Hubble Space Telescope zibeka ububanzi obuyingqikithi phakathi cishe amamitha angu-440 kanye namakhilomitha angu-5,6, kuyilapho ukubonwa kwekhoma nomsila wayo kuqinisekisa ubunjalo bayo be-cometary.
Ngokungeziwe kumsebenzi wayo ojwayelekile, amasiginali athakazelisayo ngokwesayensi abikiwe: kusukela ekutholweni kwe ama-athomu e-nickel esigabeni somhwamuko ebangeni elide ukusuka eLangeni, kuze kusayinwe i-hydroxyl (OH) ku-ultravioletLobu ubufakazi bokubola kwamanzi, okutholwa amathuluzi asemkhathini. Lezi zinkomba zisiza ukuqhathanisa i-chemistry yayo naleyo yezinkanyezi ezinomsila "zendawo" kanye nokuhlaziya okufana nalokhu UJames Webb.
Phakathi nomzila wabo, I-3I/ATLAS yadlula eduze kwe-Mars ngasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba (cishe 0,19 AU)Lo mcimbi ugqugquzele amaqembu e-NASA kanye ne-ESA ukuthi ahlele imikhankaso edidiyelwe yokubuka. Izinyathelo zomhlaba wonke-ezibandakanya i-International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN)-ziye zahlelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokulandelela izinto eziwela isimiso sonozungezilanga.
I-trajectory, izinsuku kanye nokubonakala okuvela eSpain naseYurophu
Ngokusho kwamakhalenda okubuka, i-perihelion yenzeka I-29 ngo-Okthoba ngaphakathi kwe-orbit ye-Mars. Ngeke ibonakale ngeso lenyama: ukukhanya kwayo kulinganiselwa ku-magnitude +11, ngakho-ke Kuzodingeka isibonakudeIsibhakabhaka esimnyama nolwazi kuyadingeka ukuze uzame ukukubamba ekuseni. Xhumana uzoyibona nini nalapho izodlula khona.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvela kabusha ngemuva kokudlula ngemuva kweLanga kulindeleke ukuthi siqale ngoNovemba, ngokusho kwe- umhlahlandlela ophelele, lapho into Hlola imilaza ye-Virgo ne-LeoUkusondela kwayo eMhlabeni kuzokwenzeka December 19 we-2025, ebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-270, iphephe ngokuphelele.
Imikhosi yesikhumbuzo ihlanganisa okunye ukuhlangana okukude: ekuqaleni kukaNovemba izoxubha eduze neVenus (ngokuhleleka kwamashumi ezigidi zamakhilomitha) futhi, ekuqaleni kuka-2026, izodlula eduze neJupiter ngoMashi ngaphambi kokuqala ukusuka kwayo kokugcina eplanethini yelanga ukuya esifundeni Gemini, cishe kuwo wonke uJanuwari.
Usongo noma imikhumbi-mkhathi engaziwa? Uthini umphakathi wesayensi?
Njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngezigigaba ezimangalisayo, ziye zasakazwa ukuqagela mayelana nomsuka wobuchwepheshe okungenzeka we isivakashi se-interstellarokusekelwa ukuhumusha okungabuyekezwe kontanga kwezici ezifana "ne-anti-tail" noma izilinganiso zamakhemikhali ezithile. Iningi lomphakathi, nokho, ligcizelela ukuthi Idatha etholakalayo ihambisana nenkanyezi enomsila i-interstellar eziphatha ngokulindelwe.
Amaqembu esayensi agcina ukugxila kwawo ezilinganisweni eziqinisekisayo—ukwakheka, ukukhanya, izinga lokulahlekelwa okukhuluijometri yomsila—kanye nasekuqhathaniseni imiphumela ezimele. Ukuvumelana kwesikhashana kucacile: akukho okutholakele anomalies okuphethayo ezisiphoqa ukuthi sisebenzise izincazelo ezingezona ezemvelo.
Indlela yokulandelela intuthuko yabo ngesikhathi sangempela
Kwabashisekeli nabanelukuluku, kunezinsiza eziwusizo. Amawebhusayithi afana I-Sky Live Banikeza ama-ephemerides kanye nezixhumanisi zesikhathi sangempela; abanye, njengokuthi 3IatlasliveBabona ngeso lengqondo i-trajectory besebenzisa idatha evela kuma-ejensi asemkhathini. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlola indlela yakhona ngamathuluzi anjengokuthi Amehlo kuSolar System kusuka ku-NASA.
Ngokuhambisanayo, i- IAWN futhi i ESA Bakhuthaze imikhankaso yokuqapha esebenza njengomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe wenethiwekhi yokubuka amaplanethi. Kusuka eSpain, izindawo zokubuka izinto ezichwepheshile—kuhlanganise nalezo eziseziQhingini zaseCanary, nesiko lazo kwezokubona nokuqapha—kanye nomphakathi izazi zezinkanyezi eziyimfundamakhwela Bangeza isikhathi sesibonakude ukuze bacwengisise ama-ephemerides nephotometry.
Kungani kubalulekile kwisayensi
I-3I/ATLAS isebenza njenge-“isikhathi capsule"okugcina ukwaziswa kolunye uhlelo lwezinkanyezi. Ucwaningo lwayo luvumela ukuqhathanisa i-chemistry kanye ne-physics naleyo yezinkanyezi ezinomsila endaweni yethu, ukuhlola amamodeli okwakheka kwamaplanethi nokuqinisekisa amathuluzi okuxwayisa angaphambi kwesikhathi ezintweni ezinqamula isibhakabhaka sethu.
Inhlanganisela yezilinganiso ze-spectroscopic—kusuka emithonjeni yamanzi ngendlela ye-OH kuye ama-compounds aguquguqukayo ezicushwe kude neLanga—, kanye ne-kinematics eyaziwayo, inikeza idatha egciniwe ebalulekile. Ukubuka ngakunye okwengeziwe kuzosiza ukubeka kangcono i-3I/ATLAS kukhathalogi ekhulayo ye abahambi be-interstellar.
Njengoba kusadingeka izinyanga zokulandelela, ochwepheshe bayavumelana nalokho abukho ubungozi eMhlabeni Futhi inkanyezi enomsila inikeza ithuba elihle lokufunda: izinsuku ezicacile zokubuka, amabanga anethezekile, kanye nekhemistri okuthi, ngezilinganiso ezintsha, kuqinise noma kucwengisise esikwaziyo ngalezi zivakashi ezidlula ngokushesha esistimu yethu sonozungezilanga.