I-movie I-"Inferno" isibe enye yamafilimu okukhulunywa ngawo kakhulu kuma-thriller anamuhla.Ikakhulukazi kulabo abajabulela izindatshana ezihilela uzungu lomhlaba wonke, izimfihlakalo zomlando, kanye nokujaha okusheshayo emadolobheni aseYurophu. Lesi sigaba, esithathwe njengenguqulo yenoveli kaDan Brown ethengiswa kakhulu, silandela izigigaba zikaSolwazi uRobert Langdon, kulokhu sicwile ebumnyameni obuhlanganisa ukukhohlwa, ubuciko bakudala, izimpawu, kanye nosongo lwesifo esibhubhisayo.
Ngale kwesifinyezo esisemthethweni, Le filimu iphakamisa uhambo olubonakalayo nolulandisayo oludlula eFlorence nakwamanye amagumbi aseYurophu.Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphansi komthunzi we-"Divine Comedy" kaDante Alighieri kanye nesigebengu esiphupha "ngokusindisa" isintu ngohlelo olunamandla njengoba luphazamisa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indaba yalo, umongo, abadlali, umbono womqondisi uRon Howard, ngisho nokwamukelwa kwalo okubucayi, sihlanganise lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo futhi silwethule ngendlela ecacile nefinyelelekayo.
Isiqephu Sesihogo: Ukuvuka ngaphandle kwenkumbulo
Isiqalo sendaba silula: URobert Langdon, uSolwazi weSimboli eHarvard University, uvuka esibhedlela saseFlorence engakhumbuli lutho ngalokho okwenzekile ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule.Edidekile, ejuluka, enokungaboni kahle okukhulu kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, uthola ukuthi uhlaselwe yisifo sokuxhuzula esibangelwe yinhlamvu emgwaza. Akazi ukuthi ubani owamdubula noma kungani.
Eceleni kwakhe kuvela uDkt. Sienna Brooks, udokotela osemusha waseBrithani ohlala e-Italy ophethe ukumchazela ngalesi sifo. USienna umtshela ukuthi ukukhohlwa kwakhe kwamuva nje kuhlobene nokulimala ekhanda. Futhi, okwamanje, ingqondo yakhe ivimba konke okuhlobene namahora angu-48 okugcina. ULangdon, edidekile, uzama ukwakha kabusha isimiso sakhe ngengqondo, kodwa konke anakho kuyisithukuthezi esikhulu.
Kuleso simo esididayo, Kuvele ukungezwani ngokuzumayo lapho owesifazane ohlomile ongaqondakali engena esibhedlela ngenhloso ecacile yokubulala uLangdon. Kuqubuka isiphithiphithi: ukudubulana ngezibhamu, ukujaha emaphaseji, uSienna unquma ukusiza isiguli sakhe ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili. Uyasiphuthuma esibhedlela, asiyise efulethini lakhe edolobheni ngenkathi bezama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani othile efuna sife.
Efulethini likaSienna, uLangdon uthola ukuthi uphethe into ebonakala ingenacala kodwa ebalulekile: idivayisi yezobuchwepheshe eveza isithombe esixhunywe ku-"Inferno" kaDanteUhlobo lwemephu yobuciko eshintshiwe efihla izinkomba mayelana nozungu lomhlaba wonke. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, indaba ingena emncintiswaneni nesikhathi: uprofesa akumele nje abuyisele inkumbulo yakhe kodwa futhi aqonde le nkinga ngaphambi kokuba usongo lwezinto eziphilayo luphele.
Kuvele ngokushesha ukuthi konke kuzungeza isifo esiwumshayabhuqe esakhiwe yingcweti ye-biotechnology kanye ne-transhumanism, indoda eqiniseka ukuthi Ukwanda kwabantu kuzoholela ekuweni komhlaba uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezinqala.Lo mphikisi, onefa elihlala isikhathi eside naphezu kokungabikho kwakhe ngokomzimba, ushiye umkhondo wezinkomba ezixhumene ngokucophelela nomsebenzi kaDante kanye nezindawo ezahlukene zobuciko nezindawo zomlando. Umphumela uba ukujaha kwengqondo nokwenyama okwenzeka phakathi kweminyuziyamu, izigodlo, kanye nezindlela ezifihliwe.
Usongo lwesifo kanye nokubala phansi komhlaba wonke
Ingqikithi yendaba ukudalwa kwento engaba yinhlekelele yezinto eziphilayo. Isikhohlakali sendaba yisicebi kanye nososayensi ogxile kakhulu enkingeni yokwanda kwabantu ngokweqile.Uyaqiniseka ukuthi umhlaba uqonde ngqo enkingeni yezinsiza engazinzile. Uhlelo lwakhe ukusabalalisa igciwane noma igciwane elikwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu inani labantu emhlabeni noma, kwezinye izindlela, ukushintsha amandla okuzala esintu.
Lo mphikisi, odlalwa efilimini kaBen Foster, akayena umuntu ovamile oyisigebengu esifana nopopayi; Uziveza njengomthandi wezibalo kanye nokubikezela kwabantu.Ungumuntu ozibona njengomsindisi ozimisele ukwenza umsebenzi ongcolile ohulumeni nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke abangalokothi bawenze. Inkulumo yakhe ixuba izibalo, ifilosofi, kanye nombono ophambene womhlatshelo odingekayo ukuqinisekisa ikusasa lomhlaba.
Ukuze ahlele umyalezo wakhe, lo mfo uthatha isithombe se-"Divine Comedy" kaDante njengereferensi. Incwadi kaDante ethi “Hell,” enezindilinga zayo zabalahliwe kanye nombono wayo wesintu esonakele, isebenza njengesifaniso esiphelele kuye. ukuze athethelele umzamo wakhe "wokuhlanza" umhlaba ngokuhlupheka. Ngakho-ke, izinkomba azishiyayo zisakazeke kuyo yonke imisebenzi yobuciko, imibhalo yasendulo, kanye nezindawo zomlando ezihlobene noDante kanye ne-Italian Renaissance.
ULangdon, ephelezelwa nguSienna, kuzodingeka alandele lowo mzila wobuciko ngenkathi ebalekela amaqembu ahlukahlukene abonakala enezinhlelo zawo: izinhlangano zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke, amaphoyisa endawo, kanye nezinkampani ezizimele eziyimfihlakalo obani abasebenza emthunzini. Akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi ubani ofuna ukuvimba ubhubhane, ubani ofuna ukululawula, nokuthi ubani ohlela ukulusebenzisa njengesikhali sokucindezela umhlaba wonke.
Le filimu yakha ukungabaza kwayo okukhulu ngokungabaza okuqhubekayo: ULangdon akakwazi ukuthemba ngokuphelele inkumbulo yakhe noma labo abamzungezileUkukhohlwa kwakhe okungaphelele kwenza umbono wakhe ungathembeki, futhi lokhu kuvula umnyango wokwakha amacebo ashintshashintshayo, ukushintsha kokwethembeka, kanye nezambulo ezishintsha indlela umbukeli aqonda ngayo umsebenzi womlingiswa ngamunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubala ukwehla kokukhululwa kobhubhane kuyehla, kudinga izinqumo ezisheshayo endaweni egcwele izinkinga zokuziphatha.
URobert Langdon noSienna Brooks: iqembu ligijima ngokumelene nesikhathi
Umuntu oyinhloko kule ndaba uRobert Langdon futhi, uprofesa odumile we-Symbology ogxile ekudwebeni izithombe zenkolo kanye nobuciko bakudala. UTom Hanks uphindela kule ndima, eletha inhlanganisela yakhe evamile yobuhle, ubuntu, kanye nokukhathala okuthile kokuphila.Lokhu kuhambisana kahle nomlingiswa, kulesi sigaba, obonakala esengozini kakhulu ngokomzimba futhi edidekile ngokwengqondo.
ULangdon akaseyena nje uchwepheshe ohlakaniphile owazi konke; Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kumguqula abe ngumuntu ozingabazayo, onezikhala enkumbulweni yakhe, futhi okungenzeka ukuthi wayehilelekile ezenzakalweni angazikhumbuli.Lokhu kubuthakathaka kusenza sikwazi ukuhlola uhlangothi olungazethembi kakhulu lomlingiswa, kuyilapho kumphoqa ukuthi athembele kwabanye, ikakhulukazi uSienna, ukuze athole indlela yakhe futhi aqhubeke ephila.
USienna Brooks, odlalwa nguFelicity Jones, ekuqaleni uvezwa njengodokotela onozwela osiza isiguli esingenakuzisiza, kodwa Umlingiswa wakhe uphethe izinto ezihlukile nezimfihlo ezimenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile yephaziliUkuhlakanipha kwakhe, ikhono lakhe lokusabela, kanye nolwazi lwakhe ngemvelo kumvumela ukuthi ahambe noLangdon kalula njengoba behamba emigwaqweni nasezikhumbuzweni zaseFlorence.
Kuyo yonke ifilimu, ubudlelwano phakathi kukaLangdon noSienna buyashintsha. Ukwethembana kokuqala kunikeza indawo yemibuzo nokusola Njengoba imininingwane yesikhathi esidlule sikaSienna kanye nokuxhumana kwakhe nobubi bale ndaba kuvela obala, ifilimu idlala ngalokhu kubili, ibuza ukuthi ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kulezi zenzakalo kungokwezimo ezithile noma empeleni uyingxenye yento enkulu kakhulu futhi emnyama.
I-tandem isebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni lapho uLangdon kufanele afunde khona izimpawu, imidwebo kanye nemibhalo yasendulo, kuyilapho uSienna enakekela ingxenye ebonakalayo yokubaleka kanye neyokuthutha. Isisindo sendaba siyabelwana phakathi kwabo: unikeza ulwazi olungokomfanekiso; yena, amandla kanye nomzamoLe nhlanganisela iqinisa isigqi sefilimu, esishintshanisa izikhathi zencazelo yomlando ngokujaha kanye nokubhekana ezindaweni ezidumile.
Isisindo sikaDante kanye nomfanekiso esihogweni
Esinye sezici ezivelele kakhulu kule filimu ukusetshenziswa kwe-"The Divine Comedy", ikakhulukazi ingxenye yayo yokuqala, i-"Inferno", njenge-axis yesihloko neyokubukwayo. Umsebenzi kaDante awuveli nje kuphela njengereferensi yezincwadi, kodwa uhlanganiswe nomklamo wezinkomba okumele uLangdon aziqonde.Amamephu ashintshiwe, imidwebo ehunyushwe kabusha, kanye nokuqagela kwedijithali kuguqula inkondlo yasendulo ibe uhlobo lwesiqondiso esibi sokugwema inhlekelele.
Isithonjana se-Inferno kaDante—imibuthano yayo, izijeziso zayo ezingokomfanekiso, ukumelela kwayo ukuhlupheka kwabantu—kusebenza njengesibonakaliso secebo lobubi, elihlose ukubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu namuhla ukuze “kusindiswe” izimpilo kusasa. Umqondo wokuthi isiphetho senza kube sobala ukuthi le ndlela iyasebenza uyaqina uma uxhunyaniswa nomunye wemisebenzi evelele kakhulu yezincwadi zomhlaba wonke.okwenza ifilimu ibe nomuzwa ophansi naphezu kokungajwayelekile kwezinye zezinto ezishintsha indaba yayo.
Empeleni, ifilimu iveza uchungechunge lwezindida ezibonakalayo nezingamazwi: imibhalo emisebenzini yobuciko, amakhodi afihliwe kumaphrojekthi edijithali, izinkomba ezindimeni ezithile ezivela kuDante ukuthi umuntu onolwazi lukaLangdon kuphela ongahlanganisa ndawonye. Lesi sici senza umbukeli abe ngumngane woprofesa, ezama ukulandela intambo yeziphetho njengoba isenzo siqhubeka ngokungapheli.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifilimu ikhuluma ngobudlelwano phakathi kwesayensi, inkolo, kanye nokuziphatha. Imibuzo mayelana nokuthi isintu sinelungelo elingakanani "lokudlala ngoNkulunkulu" ngezakhi zofuzo kanye nokulawulwa kwabantu Ziyantanta emoyeni, yize zixazululwa kakhulu ngesenzo kunezimpikiswano ezijulile zefilosofi. Uphawu lukaDante lusebenza njengohlaka lokuziphatha, yize ifilimu ingagxili kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwezenkolo.
Enhliziyweni yayo, indawo yonke kaDan Brown ihlala ithembekile kufomula yayo: Ubuciko bakudala, amacebo, izinhlangano ezinamandla, kanye nezimfihlakalo ezixhumanisa isikhathi esidlule nezinsongo zesimanje kakhuluNakuba abanye abagxeki bebheka indaba efana nokuphambana kwengqondo kanye "nokudla okungcolile" okungalawuleki, ifilimu yamukela leyo nhlanganisela yolwazi oludumile kanye nombukiso wesabelomali esikhulu njengophawu lwayo.
Abalingisi nabalingiswa abasekelayo
Abadlali be-“Inferno” bahlanganisa iqembu labadlali abavelele emhlabeni wonke. UTom Hanks uhola ifilimu, eqhubeka nokulingisa uRobert Langdon.Uletha leyo nhlanganisela kaprofesa ongenangqondo kodwa ohlakaniphile oseye waba uphawu lokuhweba lomlingiswa esikrinini. Ukuba khona kwakhe kusebenza njengensika kumbukeli ngisho noma umbhalo uba yisiphithiphithi.
UFelicity Jones, yena, umele uSienna Brooks ngenhlanganisela yobumsulwa obubonakalayo kanye nobunzima bangaphakathi. Lo mlingisi uletha umbono omusha kubabili abaphambili futhi unikeza abalingiswa bakhe izigaba ezivezwayo njengoba indaba iqhubeka.Ukwakheka kwakhe noHanks kusiza ukugcina ijubane linganciphi ngezikhathi ezichazayo.
Phakathi kwabadlali abasekelayo, amagama anjengoBen Foster avelele, odlala indima yomuntu othanda kakhulu ukwanda kwabantu, okwenza isimo sakhe sibe nomsindo ojulile futhi ocishe ube yimfihlakalo. U-Irrfan Khan naye unendima ephawulekayo, eveza umlingiswa ongaqondakali ohamba kahle phakathi komngani nomphikisi.ngokuba khona okukhangayo kanye nokuhlekisa okukhethekile okubonakala ngisho nasezimweni ezishubile kakhulu.
U-Omar Sy ujoyina abadlali njengengxenye yamandla alandela uLangdon, eletha ukuba khona ngokomzimba kanye nokuguquguquka okumangalisayo kumlingiswa okumele asebenze ngaphansi kwengcindezi naphakathi kwezinhlelo ezingqubuzanayo. Oqedela abalingisi ngumlingisi uSidse Babett Knudsen, odlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezihilelekile ekulweni nokulawula usongo lwezinto eziphilayo.ukwengeza uhlangothi lwezepolitiki endabeni.
Umphumela uba yiqembu lekwayara lapho umculi ngamunye eqinisa khona ingxenye yephazili: isayensi, ukuphepha kwamazwe ngamazwe, izinhlangano eziyimfihlo, ezokwelapha, kanye nocwaningo lwezemfundoNakuba kungebona bonke abalingiswa abanezinga elifanayo lokukhula, ukuba khona kwabo kusiza ukubonisa ubunzima benkinga yomhlaba wonke ehilela izintshisekelo eziningi.
Isiqondiso, iskripthi kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe
Le filimu iqondiswa nguRon Howard, umenzi wefilimu odumile kanye nowine i-Oscar, owayeke waletha amanoveli kaDan Brown esikrinini ngaphambilini. Kulesi senzakalo, uHoward uphinde wakhetha isitayela sombukiso omkhulu, onesiteji esinamandla kanye nomkhiqizo osebenzisa izindawo zaseYurophu ngokugcwele.IFlorence, iVenice, kanye namanye amadolobha kuba omunye umlingiswa endabeni.
Lo mbhalo ubhalwe nguDavid Koepp, umbhali wesikrini osemnkantsh’ ubomvu ophethe imibhalo efana nethi “War of the Worlds” noma ethi “Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull”. Ukuzivumelanisa kwayo kwenza izinto zenoveli yokuqala zibe lula futhi zihambisane nomdlalo othakazelisayo othatha amahora angaphezu kwamabili.ukudela ukuvumelana kwangaphakathi ukuze kulandelwe isigqi kanye nokulandelana kwezikhathi ezivusa amadlingozi.
Ngokombono obonakalayo, izithombe zikaSalvatore Totino zisebenzisa umehluko phakathi kobuhle obukhulu bamadolobha kanye nemibono ecishe ibe yesikhathi esidlule ehlasela ingqondo kaLangdon. Amaphupho amabi kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho ngokoqobo komlingiswa oyinhloko kuboniswa ngezithombe ezisontekile, ubuso obungaphilile, kanye nezigcawu zabantu abasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu., eqokomisa usizi oludlula endabeni.
Umculo ungokaHans Zimmer, ohlinzeka ngomsindo ojulile onezigqi eziphawulekayo kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo. Isikolo sayo siqinisa umuzwa wokubala phansi kanye nengozi eseduze., besebenzisa amakwaya, izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo, kanye nemidwebo ephindaphindayo ehambisana nezambulo ezibalulekile kanye nezikhathi zokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Kodwa-ke, abagxeki abaningana baveze ukuthi, naphezu kobuchule bayo bobuchwepheshe, ifilimu ihlushwa ukuqina okuthile kobuhle. Kugxekwe ngokuba nokubukeka okuphelelwe yisikhathi, okunamathele kakhulu ezindinganisweni ezivamile ze-big studio commercial cinema.ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokugcwele ithuba lokudlala ngolimi olubonakalayo oluyingozi noma oluzaziyo, uma ucabangela ukusaphazeka kwendaba.
Ukwamukelwa okubucayi: impumelelo kanye nokwehluleka
Ukwamukelwa okugxekayo kwe-"Inferno" kwakuhlukene kakhulu, kunezisho ezisukela ekuzijabuliseni okunecala kuya ekukhungathekeni okunomphumela obhekwa njengongalingani. Esinye sezici ezinconywa kakhulu, ngisho nalabo abagxeka kakhulu ifilimu, ikhono likaTom Hanks lokuthwala yonke into., ekwazi ukugcina izilaleli zihilelekile endabeni naphezu kokungahambisani kwayo.
Phakathi kwezici ezimbi, abahlaziyi abaningana baveza ukuthi ifilimu yenziwe ngokuntuleka kwentshiseko ethile, njengokungathi iyisibopho sesivumelwano kunokuba iphrojekthi ethokozisayo. Ichazwa njengendaba ephithizelayo, enesakhiwo esibonakalayo nesendaba esivame ukubonakala singahleliwe.nokuthi ayilandeli umugqa ocacile wesitayela othethelela ukweqisa kwayo.
Abanye abagxeki baveze ukuthi, esikhundleni sokwamukela ngokugcwele ithoni "ye-pulp" kanye nokuphambuka kwendaba okukhohlisayo, isiqondiso sikaHoward sisalokhu sihlobene kakhulu nemithetho yebhayisikobho yezentengiselwano engathi sína nenesabelomali esikhulu. Lokho kuntuleka kokuzikhohlisa kuvimbela ifilimu ukuthi isebenze ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka. uma umlingiswa wayo we-adventure ogqamile, ocishe ube yi-parodic wamukelwa obala, esikhundleni sokuzama ukuwusekela njengomdlalo othakazelisayo onesizotha.
Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwe-"Divine Comedy" kaDante, kuphawulwe ukuthi, nakuba inkondlo isebenza njengesakhiwo sezimfihlakalo ubuso bukaLangdon, Ukujula kobuciko kanye nefilosofi kwalo msebenzi kuncishisiwe kwaba yisizathu nje sokuhlobisaIzinkomba zobuciko ziyaqhubeka nokuba yinto ekhangayo futhi ephumelelayo njengensiza ebonakalayo, kodwa isizinda samasiko asivamile ukufundwa ngale kwalokho okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe indaba.
Naphezu kwalokhu kugxekwa, ifilimu inikeza lokho ababukeli abaningi abakufunayo lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza: Ukuzijabulisa okusheshayo, ukugijimisana emadolobheni adumile, izimfihlakalo zomlando, kanye neqhawe elihlobene ongalilandela kusukela endaweni eyodwa emangalisayo kuya kwenye.Kubalandeli bezigigaba zikaDan Brown noLangdon zangaphambilini, i-"Inferno" igcina izithako eziyisisekelo zale fomula, yize ingase ingakholisi bonke ababukeli.
Idatha yokukhiqiza kanye nomongo
I-"Inferno" iyingxenye yendaba yamafilimu enenzuzo esekelwe kumanoveli kaDan Brown, asevele abangele ukushintshwa kwezincwadi ezifana ne-"The Da Vinci Code" kanye ne-"Angels & Demons". Futhi, inhlanganisela yezinhlelo zomhlaba wonke, ubuciko benkolo, kanye nezimfihlakalo zomlando ivezwa njengophawu oluvelele lwe-franchise., ngethoni emnyama kancane ngenxa yosongo lwezinto eziphilayo olubusa lesi sigaba.
Lo mkhiqizo ungowaseMelika futhi uthatha cishe amahora amabili, okwenza ube semkhakheni wezinhlelo ezithokozisayo ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukuqoshwa kwefilimu kuzuze ezindaweni zangempela emadolobheni afana neFlorenceokwakhiwa kwawo kanye nefa lobuciko elinikeza isimo esingenakuphikwa kule filimu, okuqinisa umuzwa wokucwiliswa ohambweni olumatasa emlandweni namasiko aseYurophu.
Ngokuphathelene nohlobo lwefilimu, le filimu ihlanganisa izinto ezivusa amadlingozi nezenzo kanye nokuthinta kwesayensi eqanjiwe egxile kubunjiniyela bezinto eziphilayo kanye nobhubhane olungase lube khona. Usongo lwegciwane eliklanyelwe ukushintsha ngokuphelele ikusasa lezinhlobo zabantu lubeka le ndaba endaweni enengqondo ngendlela exakile.ikakhulukazi esimweni somhlaba wonke lapho impilo yomphakathi kanye nokwanda kwabantu kuyizihloko eziphikiswana ngazo njalo.
I-screenplay kaDavid Koepp, i-cinematography kaSalvatore Totino, kanye nomculo kaHans Zimmer kuhlanganisa ochwepheshe asebevele basebenze kuma-blockbuster angaphambilini, benikela ngolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Lobo bungcweti bubonakala ekuqineni kobuchwepheshe bomphumela wokugcina.yize kunganele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvala ubuthakathaka obuvezwe abagxeki endabeni.
Ekugcineni, i-"Inferno" ingena ngaphansi komugqa wesinema yezentengiselwano efuna ibhalansi phakathi kombukiso womhlaba wonke kanye nokuthinta okuthile kokuzindla ngemingcele yesayensi, umthwalo wemfanelo wokubambisana, kanye nefa lobuciko nezincwadi. Ngisho noma indaba ingalawuleki futhi ihlanganisa isiphithiphithi, ifilimu iyaqhubeka nesifiso sayo sokubhekana nezinkinga zangempela zanamuhla. ngendaba egcwele ukusonta, ukujaha kanye nezimpawu zasendulo.
Sekukonke, lokhu kuguqulwa kwenoveli kaDan Brown kunikeza ingxubevange Imfihlakalo, ubuciko, ubhubhane oluqanjiwe, kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezihambisana nesivinini esikhuluNjengoba inamandla ekubunjweni nasekubekweni kwayo, kanye nokuphakama nokwehla kwayo okucacile ngokuhambisana nesitayela, isalokhu iyinto okumele ibonwe yilabo abajabulela izindaba zikaRobert Langdon kanye nomdlalo wokuqonda izimpawu kanye nozungu phakathi kwemidwebo nezikhumbuzo.