La Umqhele weNdlovukazi u-Eugénie, elinye lamatshe ayigugu kakhulu Ifa laseFrance, iqala isahluko esisha ngemuva kokuba ubugebengu obunobudlova bube khona e- ILouvre Museum ngo-Okthoba 2025. Isikhungo saseParis siqinisekisile ukuthi lesi sakhiwo, nakuba sonakele kakhulu, singavuselelwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha kabusha izingxenye ezintsha.
Ngemva kwezinyanga zokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zomthetho, ochwepheshe baqinisekisile ukuthi leli gugu lihlala linjalo. cishe zonke izakhi zayo zokuqalaLokhu kutholakala kwesifo kuvula ithuba lokungenelela okusezingeni eliphezulu okuhlose ukubuyisela umqhele esimweni sawo sokuqala nokwenza ukubuyiselwa kwawo emphakathini kwenzeke, ngesikhathi lapho ukuphepha kweminyuziyamu emikhulu yaseYurophu kungatshazwa kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Ukuphanga okumangalisayo okwafaka iLouvre ezintanjeni
Ngomhlaka-19 Okthoba 2025, ngemuva nje kokuvulwa kweminyango, iqembu amasela amane bangena ngaphakathi Igalari ye-Apollo kusuka eLouvre kusetshenziswa ipulatifomu yokuphakamisa exhunywe elolini ukuze kufinyelelwe ezikhwameni zokubonisa lapho Amagugu Omqhele WaseFrance.
Abahlaseli bavule ngenkani amabhokisi amabili okuvota ahlomile babaleka nawo izingcezu eziyisishiyagalolunye ezingenakuqhathaniswa, emsebenzini ohlelwe ngokucophelela abezindaba baseFrance abawubiza ngokushesha ngokuthi "ukuphanga kwekhulu leminyaka"Impango yayilinganiselwa cishe 88 million euro, futhi kwaphoqa ukuthi bonke abavakashi basemnyuziyamu baphume phakathi kwasekuseni.
Phakathi kwalowo mphuthumo wokuphunyuka, umqhele weNdlovukazi u-Eugénie waphela ishiywe phansiOkokuqala ngaphakathi kwegalari uqobo, bese kuba, njengoba imininingwane isivele, ngisho nangaphandle kwesakhiwo, lapho amasela ayilahlekela khona ngesikhathi ebaleka. Lokho kuwa kwaba yinto ebalulekile ngesimo eyatholakala ikuso kamuva.
Abezindaba kanye nomthelela ongokomfanekiso wokwebiwa kwabangela inkinga yangaphakathi eLouvre: abasebenzi bemyuziyamu sebekhulisile iziteleka kanye nemibhikisho ukusola ukuwohloka kwezimo zokusebenza kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza ezibekelwe ukuphepha komunye wezimpawu ezinkulu zamasiko eYurophu.
Leli cala liphinde labangela ukuthi iziphathimandla zaseFrance zithathe isinyathelo: okungaphezu kwalokho Amaphoyisa angama-100 bangenelele ophenyweni, abasolwa abaningana bashushiswe, kanti Ministry of Culture wayala ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ukuze kubuyekezwe ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuvikela zemyuziyamu.
Umonakalo ochotshozayo, kodwa ubuqotho obucishe buphelele
Ngemva kokuhlaselwa, umqhele watholakala endaweni Igalari ye-Apollo, wethula a ukuguquguquka okusobalaOkokuqala waboshwa yi- amaphoyisa okwahlulela njengobufakazi ngaphakathi kophenyo, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo, lwadluliselwa eMnyangweni Wezinto Zobuciko kanye Nobuciko Bokuhlobisa waseLouvre ukuze luhlolwe kahle.
Umbiko wokuqala, owalungiswa ngo-Okthoba 20, 2025 ngu- U-Olivier GabetUmqondisi womnyango we-Objets d'art kanye nethimba lakhe baphawula ukuthi lesi siqephu sithinteke kakhulu umonakalo ochotshozayo kanye nokunyakaza okukhulu lapho isuswa ngenkani ebhokisini lokubonisa. Amasela avula imbobo encane engilazini ngomshini wokugaya i-angle, okwabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu esakhiweni sensimbi.
Lelo qhinga eliphoqelelwe labangela ukuhlukaniswa kwama-hoops bakha imiphetho yomqhele, enye yawo ilahlekile egalari. Ukushaywa okulandelayo, mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sokubaleka, kwaqeda konke. phula ucezuukucwilisa ingxenye yephrofayili yayo futhi kushintshe imigqa yayo yokuqala.
Naphezu kobukhulu bomonakalo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi leli gugu ligcine cishe ubuqotho obupheleleImbulunga ephezulu, ehlotshiswe ngamadayimane nama-emerald, yahlala izinzile futhi inamathele ngokuqinile entabeni, okuyinto ebalulekile ekuhleleni ukulungiswa okuphelele.
Phakathi kokulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuqinisekisiwe kukhona okunye izinkozi zegolide okwakuqopha imihlobiso, kanye nezinye izinto ezincane zokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo esijwayelekile kanye neningi lokuhlobisa kwasekuqaleni kusatholakala futhi kungabuyiswa.
Ama-emerald namadayimane: ibhalansi yamatshe ayigugu
Esinye sezici eziye zaqinisekisa kakhulu abalondolozi bemvelo yisimo se- amatshe ayiguguUmqhele waklanywa ngenhlanganisela ekhangayo ye ama-emerald namadayimane, ezihlala zinjalo cishe.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yiLouvre, lo msebenzi ekuqaleni wawuqukethe 56 emeraldiezisalondolozwe ngokuphelele. Amadayimane ayi-1.354 eyayiyihlobisa, cishe kuphela izibonelo ezincane eziyishumi, etholakala phansi kwaleli gugu, kanti ezinye eziyisishiyagalolunye zakhululwa kodwa sezitholiwe.
Izici amathayili okuhlobisaAma-palmettes, ashintshana nama-eagles eduze kwesakhiwo, nawo atholakale. Elinye lawo labonakala liseduze kakhulu nebhokisi lokubonisa elonakele kugalari. Ama-palmettes amane ahlukanisiwe nezindawo zawo zokubeka futhi abonisa ukwakheka, kodwa asatholakala ukuze ahlanganiswe kabusha.
Ngokuphathelene nobucwebe bomlando, kuyamangaza ukuthi ingxenye yalolu hlobo igcine cishe wonke amagugu ayo okuqala Ngemva kokuphangwa ngobudlova nokuwa, kuyinto engavamile. Lesi sici sivumela ukugwema ukushintshwa kwezindawo zanamuhla, into ebaluleke kakhulu kubalondolozi befa.
Ochwepheshe bemyuziyamu bagcizelele ukuthi umgomo awukona ukuhlobisa umqhele, kodwa buyisela esimweni sayo sokuqala ukusebenzisa kahle izakhi ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, ukuzilibazisa okuqagelayo noma ukufakwa kwamatshe amasha angaphambukisa ubuqiniso bomsebenzi akuvunyelwe.
Ukuvuselelwa okuphelele ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kabusha
Ngemva kwezinyanga eziningana zokufunda, iLouvre Museum imemezele ukuthi umqhele ungadlula ukubuyisela okuphelele okungeke kudinge ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezingxenye ezingekho. Ukungenelela kuzogxila ku lungisa kabusha isakhiwo, lungisa ukuguquguquka bese unamathisela kabusha izakhi ezihlukanisiwe.
Isitatimende esisemthethweni semyuziyamu siveza ukuthi, yize isimo sesigqoko sishintshiwe, cishe zonke izingxenye zayo zisekhonaKuphela into eyodwa yokuhlobisa engekho, okuvumela ukusebenza okuhlonipha kakhulu izinto zokuqala, okukhawulelwe emsebenzini wokuhlanganisa nokulungisa indawo yokumisa.
Ukubuyiselwa kuzophathiswa umsebenzi umlungisi ogunyaziwe, ekhethwe ngenqubo yokubhida yomphakathi. Ngale ndlela, iLouvre iqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho Ikhodi Yefa, Of the Umthetho Weminyuziyamu kanye nemithethonqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla yomphakathi yaseFrance, okungeyona nje inqubo yokuphatha, kodwa isiqinisekiso sokucaca kanye nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu.
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi eshabhu, okulandelayo kuzolungiswa imibiko enemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe Imibhalo izochaza ngokuningiliziwe isimo sokulondolozwa kwengxenye ngayinye, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, kanye nezingozi zokungenelela. Le mibhalo izoba isisekelo sokunquma ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu engamelana ne-mount, izindlela zokuhlanza ezifanele, kanye namasu okunamathisela noma okusetha aphephile.
Izindleko eziqondile zale nqubo azikakaphothulwa, kodwa izilinganiso zangaphakathi zokuqala ziphakamisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-euro, inani elingahluka kuye ngamahora omsebenzi okhethekile adingekayo kumqhele oyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, kokubili ngokobuchwepheshe nangokomfanekiso.
Ikomidi lochwepheshe kanye nezindlu ezinkulu zobucwebe zaseFrance
Ngenxa yohlobo oluhlukile lwekhomishini, iLouvre inqume ukuhamba nomlungisi wezinto ikomidi lokweluleka lochwephesheLo mzimba uzoholwa ngu- Laurence des Cars, umqondisi wemyuziyamu, futhi uzohlanganisa ochwepheshe bobucwebe bomlando, ubuciko bokuhlobisa boMbuso Wesibili, i-mineralogy kanye nezinsimbi eziyigugu.
Leli qembu lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe abavela ngaphakathi kwenhlangano uqobo. Louvre, kusuka I-Orsay Museum, kusuka UMnyuziyamu Kazwelonke Wezomlando Wezemvelo futhi i C2RMF (Isikhungo Socwaningo Nokuvuselela Seminyuziyamu YaseFrance), esiqinisekisa umbono ohlanganisa umlando wobuciko, isayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nokulondolozwa kokuvimbela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imyuziyamu yayifuna ukuqoqa imibono yabameleli abavela ezindlini ezinhlanu ezifanekisela i- Ubucwebe obuhle baseFrance: I-Mellerio, Chaumet, Cartier, Boucheron y I-Van Cleef & I-ArpelsUkuhlanganyela kwabo kuzoba ukubonisana ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kokungenelela ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni, kodwa bazofaka isandla olwazini lwabo ngamasu endabuko okubeka, ukushisela kanye nokuqeda.
I-Louvre igcizelela ukuthi lokhu akuyona inqubo yokuxhasa, kodwa ukubambisana kobuchwepheshe akuyona eyezentengiselwano. Inhloso ukusizakala ngolwazi lwemihlangano yokusebenzela enomlando ohlangene nowale Amadayimane Omqhele WaseFrance.
Le divayisi iqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukubuyiselwa komqhele ka-Eugenia akuyona into evamile, kodwa iphrojekthi engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili kumaqoqo kazwelonke aseFrance, kokubili ngenxa yobuhle balo msebenzi kanye nemiphumela yomphakathi yokweba okwawona.
Itshe eliyigugu lombuso elisinde ezimpini, ekuthengisweni nasekuvukelweni
Umlando womqhele uqala emuva ku- I-Universal Exhibition yango-1855, nini UNapoleon III Wayala ukuba kubekwe imiqhele emibili kumthengisi wezinto zokuhloba enkantolo, U-Alexandre Gabriel LemonierEsinye sakhe nesinye somkakhe, uMbusi u-Eugénie de Montijo. Inhloso kwakuwukubabonisa njengezimpawu zamandla oMbuso Wesibili emhlabeni.
Ukuze enze umsebenzi omkhulu kangako, uLemonnier wahlanganisa ithimba lochwepheshe. Umqophi wezithombe Gilbert ngabe ubephethe ukwenza amamodeli izinkozi ezinamaphiko avulekile bakha imiphetho yeqembu, beshintshana ngama-palmettes edayimane nama-emerald. Umenzi wezinto zokuhloba UPierre Maheu Wayengumphathi we-workshop, eqondisa ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe kwale ngxenye.
Ukukhethwa nokuhleleka kwamatshe ayigugu kwawela kumhloli we- Amadayimane OmqheleUDevin, owakhetha futhi wahlela amagugu ukuze adale ucezu oluhloniphekile kodwa olulula. Ku-Universal Exposition, umqhele ka-Eugénie wachazwa ababhali bezincwadi banamuhla ngokuthi "kulula futhi kuyathandeka kakhulu" kunaleyo yombusi, kodwa ihambisana ngokulinganayo nesithunzi sobukhosi.
Ngemva kokuwa koMbuso Wesibili kanye nokumiswa kweRiphabhulikhi Yesithathu, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Uhlu Lomphakathi kwaqedwa futhi ingxenye enkulu yalo Amagugu Omqhele WaseFrance Yathengiswa ngo-1887. Kodwa-ke, umqhele weNdlovukazi wathatha indlela ehlukile.
Ngo-1875, ngemva kokufa kukaNapoleon III kanye nezingxoxo ngefa lakhe, leli gugu lasungulwa. wabuyela e-EugeniaLokhu kwayisindisa ekubhujisweni noma ekuhlakazekeni endalini, okwathinta ezinye izingxenye zombuso. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, indlovukazi yayisinikela ku- INkosazana uMaria Clotilde NapoleonI-Countess of Witt, futhi ekugcineni yatholwa yi- IMyuziyamu yaseLouvre ngo-1988.
Ubufakazi obuyingqayizivele befa lobukhosi laseFrance
Nakuba kungekho bufakazi bokuthi umqhele wake wasetshenziswa emcimbini wokugcotshwa, noma ukuthi indlovukazi yayiwugqoka njalo, lo mdwebo namuhla ubhekwa njengo ubufakazi obuyinhloko bobuciko benkantolo bekhulu le-19 kanye nokumelwa kwamandla eMbusweni Wesibili.
Njengamanje, ingenye ye imiqhele embalwa yobukhosi ezigcinwe eFrance, kanye umqhele kaLouis XV futhi kwaziwa ngokuthi umqhele kaCharlemagne, okwenzelwe ukugcotshwa kukaNapoleon I ngo-1804. Abanye abaningi banyamalala ngesikhathi I-French Revolution noma zahlakazwa futhi kamuva zathengiswa.
Kuze kube ukwebiwa ngo-2025, umqhele ka-Eugenie wawuvame ukuboniswa ku- Igalari ye-ApolloYindawo egcina ezinye zezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-Crown Diamonds" kanye nezinye izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokwenza igolide laseFrance. Ukuba khona kwayo lapho kwenze kwaba yindawo ekhangayo njalo yezivakashi ezivela kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe igolide elisebenzayo, ama-emerald namadayimaneLokhu, kuhlanganiswe nendaba yokuphila kombusi waseSpain owakhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi saseFrance, kwenze lo mqhele waba yinto ekhangayo kakhulu kokubili kososayensi bezobuciko kanye nomphakathi jikelele.
Ukusinda kwayo naphezu kwezinguquko, ukuthengiswa okukhulu, kanye nokuphanga okumangalisayo kuyibeka endaweni eyingqayizivele ngaphakathi kwe- Ifa laseYurophulapho amagugu amakhulu kahulumeni ahlala ekhona eba yindlala kakhulu.
Ikusasa lomqhele ngemuva kwesikhathi sawo e-workshop
Uma isigaba sokufunda sesiphelile futhi iphrojekthi yokuvuselela isinikeziwe, umsebenzi wokusebenzela uzogxila ku lungisa iminsalo, shintsha amathayili ahlukanisiwe bese uhlanganisa izindawo ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokweba kanye nomthelela.
Abadayisi bezindawo zokudlela kuzodingeka banqume ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngezinga elingakanani. buyisela emuva ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ukushintshwa komlando noma izilungiselelo zokuqala zamatshe. Noma yikuphi ukungenelela ngokweqile kungalimaza ukuzinza kwetshe eliyigugu noma kususe iminonjana yezinto ezibonakalayo nayo eyingxenye yomlando walo.
Enye inkinga evelele yindaba yokugcina ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kokhozi olulahlekile kanye namadayimane amancane angakatholakali. Kuleli qophelo, ukuhlakanipha kuyabusa: ngaphandle kobufakazi obucacile bokubonakala okuqondile kwezinto ezilahlekile, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ziphinde zikhiqizwe, ukungabikho kwazo kuphawulwe njengengxenye yendaba yomnyuziyamu.
I-Louvre ayikakabeki usuku oluqondile lokubuyiselwa komqhele ezikhwameni zokubonisa, kodwa abaphathi bahlose ukuthi, uma usuvuselelwe, ungaphinde uboniswe. idivayisi yokuphepha eqinisiwe, mhlawumbe ngezinyathelo ezintsha zokuvikela ezingokoqobo nezobuchwepheshe.
Okwamanje, i- Igalari ye-Apollo Ihlala ivaliwe emphakathini, futhi imyuziyamu isebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zayo zokuphepha, iqaphela ukuthi leli cala livule impikiswano ebanzi ngokuvikelwa kwengcebo enkulu yobuciko eFrance nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Njengoba isindile ekuweni koMbuso, ukudayiswa okukhulu, futhi manje sekuwukuphanga okuye kwaba uphawu lokushiyeka kokuphepha kwemyuziyamu, umqhele weNdlovukazi u-Eugénie ubhekene nesigaba esibalulekile: uma ukuvuselelwa kuqhubeka njengoba kuhleliwe, umphakathi waseYurophu uzophinde ukwazi ukujabulela eLouvre igugu elihlala liyi-jewelry, naphezu kokushaywa kwalo, naphezu kokushaywa kwalo. isithonjana esiyingqayizivele somlando wobukhosi baseFrance kanye nobucwebe.