La I-NASA inikeze imvume eluhlaza emsebenzini wokuqala omkhulu oqhutshwa ngabasebenzi eNyangeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50. Imishini u-Artemis IILo msebenzi, ozothatha osomkhathi abane baye emkhathini wenyanga, usuvele unosuku olubhalwe ngombala obomvu. April 1 njengosuku lokwethulwa oluhleliwe, ngemuva kokunqoba uhlu olude lokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokubambezeleka okuqongelelekile kusukela ekumenyezelweni kwayo kokuqala.
Le ndiza izoba ukuhlolwa kokuqala komuntu yerokhethi ye-Space Launch System (SLS) kanye ne-Orion capsule esikhaleni esijulile, isinyathelo esibalulekile ngaphakathi koHlelo lwe-Artemis i-United States ehlose ngalo qalisa kabusha ukuhlola kwenyanga futhi ulungiselele imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo eya eMars. EYurophu, ehlanganyela nge-European Space Agency (ESA) kumojuli yesevisi ye-Orion, ukwethulwa kwayo kumelela futhi ingqophamlando yezobuchwepheshe neyamasu.
Ukuqaliswa okuhleliwe kanye namafasitela amathuba
Ngokusho kwalabo abaphethe lolu hlelo, i-NASA isebenza ekubekeni irokhethi endaweni yokwethula. Kennedy Space Center, eFlorida, belindele ukwethulwa ngomhlaka-1 kuMbasa ngo-18:24 ntambama e-EDT, okuhambisana ne- 23:24 PM ezweni laseSpainLe nhlangano iphinde yabeka ithuba lesibili lokwethulwa kosuku olulandelayo, ngo-19:22 ntambama EDT (00:22 ekuseni eSpain).
Emasontweni amuva nje, irokhethi kanye ne-capsule kususiwe endaweni yokuqalisa ukuze kwenziwe inqwaba yezivivinyo. ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kulokho okubizwa Isakhiwo Sokuhlanganisa Izimoto (i-VAB)Lapho, kwenziwe ukulungiswa okudingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ukuvuza kukaphethiloli okutholakale ekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini. Ukubuyiselwa kwe-SLS-Orion assembly endaweni yokuqalisa kuhlelelwe [usuku olungekho]. March 19.
Ngesikhathi sengqungquthela yabezindaba eqinisekisa usuku olusha oluqondiwe, uLori Glaze, inhloko ebambela ye-Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, wagcizelela ukuthi “Wonke amaqembu akulungele” ngenselele. Kodwa-ke, wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ukuqaphela okukhulu nokuthi noma yiluphi uphawu lwengozi lungaphoqa ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokuhlehliswa.
Esinye sezinqumo okukhulunywa ngazo kakhulu kube yisinqumo sokungaqhubeki nesinye ukuhlolwa komthwalo kaphethiloli ojwayelekile ngaphambi kokwethulwa. I-NASA ithi izivivinyo ezimbili eziphelele zase zenziwe kakade ngoFebhuwari nokuthi, emzamweni ngamunye, amathangi erokhethi ayaguga futhi adabuke okufanele akhawulelwe ezivivinyweni ezidingekayo ngokuphelele.
Ukuvuza kwe-hydrogen ne-helium: imbangela yokubambezeleka
Indlela yokubeka umhla lu-1 kuMbasa njengosuku olusha ayizange ibe lula. Ukwethulwa kwe-Artemis II kwahlelelwe ekuqaleni ukuthi kube ekuqaleni konyaka, kepha ukuvuza kwamafutha kanye nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene ne-SLS ziphoqe i-NASA ukuba ilibazise uhlelo izikhathi eziningana.
Ekuqaleni, ukuvuza kwe-hydrogen ewuketshezi Lokhu kwaphoqa ukukhanselwa kwefasitela lokwethulwa elalihleliwe kanye nokuhlehliswa komzamo. Ngemva kwalokho, ngesikhathi kusephepheni lokwethulwa, kwatholakala izinkinga ezintsha ezihlobene nokutholakala kwe-helium, okwaphoqa irokhethi ukuthi ibuyele ku-VAB ukuze ihlolwe ngokucophelela.
UShawn Quinn, umphathi we-Exploration Ground Systems Program, uchaze ukuthi amaqembu aphethe uhlelo lokugeleza kwe-helium Bathole inkinga endleleni yokunqamula ngokushesha, ukuxhumana lapho i-helium idlula khona isuka ezindaweni zomhlaba iye erokhethini. Lapho bathola uphawu olwalushintsha ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kuvimbe ukugeleza kwegesi.
Ingxenye esolwayo isusiwe futhi yafakwa enkingeni i-radiography yelabhorethri okwaqinisekisa iphutha. Kusukela lapho, onjiniyela baphinda iphutha, baklama ikhambi, base belisebenzisa emotweni. UJohn Honeycutt, usihlalo wethimba lokuphatha umsebenzi we-Artemis II, waphawula ukuthi zonke izilinganiso ezingenzeka ziyalinganiswa ukuvimbela lezi zigameko ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke futhi nciphisa ingozi ngesikhathi sokubala phansi.
Naphezu kokuthuthuka, abaphathi bemishini baphikelela ekugcineni ukuqapha. UHoneycutt ugcizelele ukuthi ngeke bathathe lutho kalula kuze kube... Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch noJeremy Hansen sebebuyile eMhlabeni, bephephile futhi bephilile, ngemva kokuqeda uhambo lwabo lokuzungeza iNyanga.
Umsebenzi obalulekile ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-Artemis
I-Artemis II iyingqophamlando yesibili enkulu ye- Uhlelo lwe-ArtemisNgalo msebenzi, i-United States ihlose ukubuyisa ubukhona bomuntu eNyangeni, futhi esikhathini esiphakathi, isungule ubukhona obuqhubekayo endaweni yayo. Lokhu kundiza kuzoba yi- uhambo lokuqala oluhambayo yerokhethi ye-SLS kanye nesikhala sezindiza i-Orion ngale komjikelezo ophansi woMhlaba.
Umsebenzi, onesikhathi esilinganiselwa ku- Izinsuku ze-10Lo msebenzi uzoqala kusukela eLaunch Complex 39B eKennedy Space Center. Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili zokuqala emkhathini, abasebenzi bazoqhuba ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezinhlelo ze-Orion futhi uzoprakthiza ukwenza amasu okushayela ngesandla eduze koMhlaba ngaphambi kokubeka indlela eya eNyangeni.
Kuzoba ngabantu abaseduze kakhulu abake bafika kwisathelayithi yethu kusukela Umsebenzi we-Apollo 17 ka-1972. Isizukulwane esisha sezindiza ze-Artemis asihlose nje ukuphinda lokho okwafezwa enkathini ye-Apollo, kodwa nokuthatha isinyathelo esengeziwe: ukwenza ukuhlala isikhathi eside, ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha nokulungiselela indawo imisebenzi yokuqala yabantu eya eMars.
Imodyuli yenkonzo yaseYurophu i-Orion, eyasungulwa ngaphansi kobuholi buka I-European Space AgencyKuzodlala indima ebalulekile ngokunikeza amandla adingekayo ukuze kuphunyuke umjikelezo woMhlaba futhi kuqhutshwe inqubo yokujova eguquguqukayo. Lesi sigaba esibucayi sizothumela osomkhathi abane ohambweni oluthatha cishe izinsuku ezine oluya eNyangeni.
Kumphakathi wesayensi nobuchwepheshe baseYurophu, ukubamba iqhaza ku-Artemis II kuyisibonakaliso esibonakalayo se- amakhono ezimboni nobunjiniyela yezwekazi emkhakheni wokuhlola okuqhutshwa ngabantu, kanye nezinkampani nezikhungo zocwaningo ezivela emazweni amaningana—kufaka phakathi iSpain—ezihilelekile ezingxenyeni, isofthiwe kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela.
Hamba uzungeze iNyanga bese ubuyela eMhlabeni
Uma umjovo wokuguqula i-translunar usuqediwe, i-capsule ye-Orion izolandela umzila ozochaza i- isithombe sesishiyagalombili ukuzungeza iNyanga. Umsebenzi uzofinyelela okungaphezu kwalokho Amakhilomitha ayi-370.000 ukusuka lapho kusuka eMhlabeni futhi, endaweni ekude kakhulu, osomkhathi bazondiza cishe amakhilomitha angu-7.400 ngaphezu kobuso benyanga, bedlula irekhodi lebanga elihanjwe yi-spacecraft enabantu.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba sohambo, abasebenzi bazogxila ku- hlola ukuziphatha kwezinhlelo yendizamkhathi ezimweni zasemkhathini ezijulile: ukuxhumana, ukwesekwa kokuphila, ukuzulazula, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokusabela ezimweni ezingase zibe khona. Nakuba i-Artemis II ingahlanganisi ukufika enyangeni, idatha etholakele izoba yinto ebalulekile emisebenzini elandelayo ezokwehlela phezulu.
Lokhu kuzosisiza futhi ukuthi silungiselele ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezintsha imithwalo yesayensi ku-Artemis IV kanye no-V, kugxilwe ekutadisheni imisebe yasemkhathini, impilo yabantu kanye nokuziphatha ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuxhumana kanye nokuzulazula endaweni ezungezile yasenyangeni.
Ekupheleni komsebenzi, i-Orion izokwenza umsebenzi ukungena kabusha ngesivinini esikhulu emkhathini woMhlaba, kuhlolwa isivikelo sokushisa kanye nezinhlelo zokuqondisa nokulawula. Ngemva kokunciphisa ijubane ezingqimbeni eziphezulu zomkhathi, indiza-mkhathi izosebenzisa amapharashuthi ayo ngaphambi kokuwa phansi emkhathini. ULwandlekazi iPacific, ogwini lwaseSan Diego.
Ithimba elihlangene le-NASA kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela lizophatha umsebenzi. ukululama kwe-capsule kanye nokuhlenga abashayeli bezindiza. Lesi sigaba sokubuya, nakuba singase sibonakale sijwayelekile, sihilela ukubambisana okunembile phakathi kwemikhumbi, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, kanye namaqembu okuhlenga, futhi sakha olunye uvivinyo olukhulu lwesimiso ngaphambi kokuqala imisebenzi ehlanganisa ukufika enyangeni.
Bangobani osomkhathi abane baka-Artemis II?
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, i-NASA yaqinisekisa ukwakheka kwabasebenzi abazohamba nge-Artemis II, okuwukhetho oluhlanganisa ulwazi lokundiza emkhathini kanye namaphrofayili abamele isigaba esisha sokuhlola. Umkhuzi uzoba reid wiseman, isazi sezinkanyezi se-NASA esinezikhathi zangaphambilini ku- Isikhumulo Sasemkhathini Samazwe Ngamazwe.
Uzosebenza njengomshayeli womkhumbi UVictor Gloverosevele ehlanganyele ohambweni olude oluya e-ISS futhi uzoba yisosha lokuqala lase-Afrika-laseMelika ukundiza ngendiza Uhlelo lwenyanga lwe-ArtemisUlwazi lwabo ekusebenzeni kwezindiza kanye nokuqondisa imikhumbi luzoba yisihluthulelo ezigabeni ezibalulekile zomsebenzi.
Uchwepheshe wemishini Christina Koch Uyaziwa ngokuphula amarekhodi okuhlala njalo emkhathini kowesifazane, okuhlanganisa nokugibela i-International Space Station. Ukubamba kwakhe iqhaza ku-Artemis II kuzombeka phakathi kwabesifazane bokuqala ukuhamba baye e-lunar orbit, okuyingqophamlando ephawulekayo emigomweni yokwehlukahlukana kohlelo.
Qedela iqembu UJeremy HansenUsomkhathi ovela kwi-Canadian Space Agency, ozosebenza njengochwepheshe wemishini. Ukuba khona kwakhe kuqinisa ubukhulu bomhlaba wonke buka-Artemis kanye ne- ukubambisana phakathi kwe-United States ne-Canada, kokubili maqondana namaqembu kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nesayensi.
Abashayeli bezindiza abane bazoqala isigaba ukuvalelwa ejele ngaphambi kohambo lwendiza ezikhungweni ze-NASA eHouston ngaphambi kokuya eKennedy Space Center. Uhambo oluya eFlorida luhlelelwe umhla zingama-27 kuNdasa, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi komzamo wokwethulwa, ngenhloso yokunciphisa noma yiziphi izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona ezingabeka engcupheni umsebenzi.
Izingozi, izinguquko zohlelo kanye nomjaho omusha wenyanga
I-NASA ngokwayo iyavuma ukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, i-Artemis II ayinazo izingoziULori Glaze kanye nezinye izikhulu bagcizelele ukuthi, nakuba lokhu kungelona uhambo lokuqala lwesistimu, le nhlangano ayikasebenzi ngesimiso sokwethulwa njalo, okusho izinga eliphezulu lengozi kunasezinhlelweni ezinezindiza eziqhubekayo.
Izigameko eziphindaphindwayo ngemigqa kaphethiloli kanye nokubambezeleka okulandelanayo kuholele ekuphathweni kohlelo cabanga kabusha ngekhalendaI-Artemis III, eyayihloselwe ekuqaleni ukuba ngumsebenzi obhekene nokubuyisela osomkhathi ebusweni benyanga, iguqulwe yaba yindiza yokuhlola emzileni ophansi woMhlaba ukuze kuhlolwe ubuchwepheshe obusha, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zokufika enyangeni.
Ngakho-ke ukubuya okuphumelelayo kwabantu ebusweni benyanga kushukunyiselwa ku U-Artemis IVngosuku oluphawulwe ngokuthi “hhayi ngaphambi kuka-2028” ekhalendeni le-NASA. Uhlelo lucabanga ukuthi, endizeni ephakathi ngo-2027, i-Orion spacecraft izoma endaweni engezansi yoMhlaba kanye ne- amamojula okufika enyangeni yathuthukiswa yizinkampani ezizimele ezifana I-SpaceX kanye ne-Blue Origin.
Kulowo mongo, iHhovisi likaMhloli Jikelele lenhlangano lixwayise ekuhlolweni kwamuva nje ngesidingo sokuchaza uhlelo oluthile lokutakula lwabasebenzi basenyangeni, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini eseduze ne-southern pole yeNyanga, isifunda esinesithakazelo esikhulu kwezesayensi kodwa esinendawo eqinile kunezindawo zase-equator ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sohlelo lwe-Apollo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyaqina. I-China isimemezele inhloso yayo ukuthola i-taikonaut eNyangeni cishe ngo-2030, iminyaka embalwa nje ngemuva komgomo we-US. Lesi simo siholele i-NASA kanye nohulumeni wase-US ukuthi bacele ukushesha okukhulu, ukubambezeleka okuncane, kanye imvamisa yomsebenzi ephezulu ukuze balondoloze inzuzo yabo emjahweni omusha wenyanga.
Ngo-Artemis II, i-NASA ibeka engcupheni okungaphezu nje kohambo lokuhlola olulula: imayelana nokukhombisa ukuthi irokhethi ye-SLS, i-capsule ye-Orion, kanye nenethiwekhi yonke yokusekela umhlabathi ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokwethembeka endaweni enzima kakhulu. ngesikhathi nje lapho ingcindezi yezepolitiki, yezomnotho neyezwe icindezelwa Udaba lohlelo lwesikhala lwase-US luqine kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Uma ukwethulwa kuka-Ephreli 1 kuhamba njengoba kuhleliwe, u-Artemis II uzoqinisa ukuguquka kokuhlola kwenyanga kusukela ezinsukwini zakudala ze-Apollo kuya esigabeni lapho ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukubandakanyeka kwemboni ezimele, kanye nesifiso sesayensi Babeka ijubane. Ku-United States, eYurophu, eCanada, kanye nabanye abalingani abathintekayo, lolu hambo lokuzungeza iNyanga luzoba ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus okuzonquma konke okuzolandela, kusukela ekufikeni kwenyanga esikhathini esizayo kuya ezinhlelweni ezikude kodwa eziqinile zokuthumela osomkhathi eMars.
