Isibalo esisemthethweni semihlaba ejikeleza ezinye izinkanyezi manje sidlula amaplanethi angaphandle ayi-6.000 aqinisekisiwe , ngokusho kwesibuyekezo sakamuva se-NASA. Emashumini amathathu eminyaka ngemuva kokutholakala kokuqala kweplanethi ejikeleza inkanyezi efana neLanga, umbono wezinhlelo zamaplanethi uye wanda ngendlela engakaze ibonwe.
Lolu hlu lwezinto lugcinwa ku- Exoplanet Archive , oluqondiswa yi-NExScI (IPAC/Caltech), futhi luvuselelwa njalo amaqembu avela emhlabeni wonke; ngakho-ke, le nhlangano igcizelela ukuthi akukho nto ephethe igama elithi "inombolo 6.000" . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, irejista ifaka abantu abangaphezu kuka-8.000 abalindele ukuqinisekiswa.
Kusho ukuthini ukufinyelela ku-6.000?
Ikhathalogi ifaka kuphela imihlaba enezakhiwo zayo kanye nemizila yayo eqinisekisiwe ngokubuka okulandelayo kanye nokuhlaziywa okuzimele. Lolu hlelo lokuqinisekisa, oluqondiswa yi-NExScI, luvimbela imiphumela engamanga futhi lugcina ubuqotho bokubalwa okusemthethweni.
Ijubane liye lashesha: eminyakeni embalwa nje inani selikhuphuke lisuka ku -5.000 laya ku-6.000 . Kulindeleke elinye igxathu nge -Gaia astrometry (ESA) kanye ne-gravitational microlensing evela ku -Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope yesikhathi esizayo , okungangeza ezinye izinto eziningi ezitholakele.
Ukuthi le mihlaba itholwa futhi iqinisekiswa kanjani
Iningi lezinto ezitholakele zenziwa ngokungaqondile. Indlela yokuhamba ilinganisa ukufiphala okuncane kwenkanyezi lapho iplanethi idlula phambi kwayo, inqubo eye yavumela ososayensi ukuthola izinkulungwane zezinhlelo zamaplanethi ngempumelelo enkulu.
Ukuthwebula izithombe ngqo ze-exoplanet kusalokhu kungavamile: kutholakale izithombe ezingaphansi kwekhulu , ngenxa yokukhanya okukhulu kwenkanyezi ephethe. Ukuze kunqotshwe lo mkhawulo, amathuluzi akwazi ukuvimba ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi , njenge-coronagraphs yesizukulwane esilandelayo, azoba abalulekile.
Ukuqinisekiswa kudinga imikhankaso eyengeziwe enezibonakude ezihambisanayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezibalo okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwabangu-6.000 asebeqinisekisiwe kakade, izinkulungwane zabantu abazongenela ukhetho zigcinwe ku-Exoplanet Archive zilinde ukuqinisekiswa kokugcina.
I-cosmic zoo: ukuhlukahluka kwe-exoplanet
Le mpahla yembula imihlaba engafani nanoma yini endaweni yethu: “amaJupiter ashisayo” ajikeleza ngezinsuku, amaplanethi ajikeleza ilanga amabili , amanye aboshelwe ezinkanyezini ezifayo noma ngisho nangaphandle kwenkanyezi; kukhona nezilwandle ze-lava , izimo eziphansi ezifana ne-polystyrene, kanye namafu agcwele amaminerali angavamile.
Idatha iphakamisa ukuthi amaplanethi anamatshe amaningi kakhulu kunasesimisweni sethu, anenani elicishe libe yimizimba efana noMhlaba engu-700 . Lokhu kungafani kunikeza izinkomba mayelana nendlela izinhlelo zamaplanethi ezakheka futhi ziguquke ngayo kulo lonke iMilky Way.
Ngokusho kukaDawn Gelino , inhloko yoHlelo Lokuhlola lwe-Exoplanet lwe-NASA , isigaba ngasinye esisha somhlaba sinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezimo zokwakheka kanye nokuvama kwamaplanethi afana noMhlaba , okuqondisa ukuthi uwafune kuphi futhi kanjani.
Izinsimbi ezinqumayo nokuthi yini elandelayo
Ifa le- Kepler Space Telescope liguqule insimu ngokubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zamaplanethi zifana kangakanani, futhi i-TESS iyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo ngokuhlola isibhakabhaka kabanzi ukuze ithole ukuhamba okuzungeze izinkanyezi ezikhanyayo.
I -James Webb Space Telescope isivele ihlaziye ukwakheka kwezindawo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezizungezile , okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuboneni izimpawu ze-biosignatures . Noma kunjalo, ukuchaza imihlaba enomoya opholile, enobukhulu boMhlaba kudinga ukunciphisa ukukhanya okuvela enkanyezini yayo nokukhipha izimpawu ezingabonakali kahle.
I- Roman Coronagraph izosebenza njengendawo yokuhlola ukuvimba ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi, futhi esikhathini esimaphakathi, i-NASA ifunda umqondo we- Habitable Worlds Observatory , eyenzelwe ukusesha nokuhlola ngokuningiliziwe amaplanethi afana noMhlaba ngenhloso yokuhlola amandla awo ezinto eziphilayo.
Njengoba umkhawulo wokuqinisekiswa ongu-6.000 usudlulile, insimu ingena esigabeni lapho inani lokutholwa, ukuhlukahluka kwemihlaba, kanye namasu amasha okubuka kuhlangana khona ukuze kusisondeze ekuphenduleni umbuzo osavulekile kwisayensi yanamuhla : ukuthi phakathi kwamaplanethi angenakubalwa eMilky Way kukhona yini amanye, njengamaplanethi angahlalwa , agcina impilo.
