Ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuqapha kwansuku zonke okwenziwa yi- Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvimbela Izinhlekelele (i-Cenapred) kanye neNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), iPopocatépetl —eyaziwa ngokuthi “iDon Goyo”—iyaqhubeka nokuhlukaniswa Izinga Lesexwayiso Sentaba-mlilo Isigaba Esiphuzi 2Lesi sigaba sihilela umsebenzi obhekwa njengophakathi nendawo, kodwa owanele ukubangela izingozi ngenxa yokukhishwa komlotha, izingcezu kanye nokugeleza kodaka uma kunezimvula ezinkulu.
Umsebenzi wakamuva wePopocatépetl: ukuphefumula okungu-12 kanye nokukhishwa komlotha
Ngokusho kombiko wakamuva kakhulu ovela ku-Cenapred, ngosuku lokugcina i-Popocatépetl Iqophe ukuphefumula okungu-12 okuphansiLokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kuhambisane kakhulu umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nezinye igesi zentaba-mlilongaphezu kokuxoshwa komlotha ngezikhathi ezithile okungathwalwa umoya uye emadolobheni ahlukene aseduze.
Ekuseni, kanye nangesikhathi sombiko, ukukhanya nokukhishwa okuqhubekayo komhwamuko wamanzi namagesi ngesiqondiso esivame kakhulu ukusuka empumalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga. Lolu hlobo lwezinsika zentaba-mlilo, nakuba lungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngeso lenyama ebangeni elide, luyisibonakaliso somsebenzi wangaphakathi wentaba-mlilo futhi lungabangela ukukhanya komlotha ukuwa ezindaweni eziseduze nomoya.
Izinga lamanje ku Isigaba 2 esiphuzi Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi intaba-mlilo ingabonisa ukuzamazama komhlaba okuphindaphindiwe okuhlobene nokuhamba kwangaphakathi kwe-magma, ukukhishwa kwegesi okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula okunomlotha omncane kanye nokukhishwa kwezingcezu ze-incandescent endaweni ye-crater. Nakuba lokhu kungeyona indawo yokuqhuma okukhulu okusheshayo, kusho izinga lengozi elidinga ukuqaphela njalo kubantu kanye nalabo abahamba esifundeni.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi, nakuba umsebenzi uchazwa ngokuthi "ukuqina okuphansi", ukuba khona ukuphefumula njalo kanye nomlotha Kungathinta ikhwalithi yomoya, ukubonakala, kanye nesimo sengqalasizinda, izimoto, kanye nezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-Civil Protection igcina uchungechunge lwezincomo ezithile zokunciphisa imiphumela yesikhashana, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya eduze kwentaba-mlilo.
Kusho ukuthini ukuthi isigaba sesi-2 esiphuzi sisho ukuthini kubantu?
Uhlelo Lokuxwayisa Ngentaba-mlilo e Isigaba 2 esiphuzi Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iPopocatépetl isesigabeni somsebenzi owandisiwe, kodwa isesesigabeni esibhekwa njengesiphakathi. Ngamazwi angokoqobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi singalindela ukukhishwa komlotha okungahleliwe, ukuba khona njalo kwe-spume yomphunga kanye nokwenzeka kwezinto ezikhanyayo eziwela emiphakathini ezungeze i-colossus.
Phakathi kwezimo ezihambisana nalesi sigaba kukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba okuvamile kwendawo yentaba-mliloUkuqhuma okuncane okungakhipha izingcezu ezikhanyayo eduze kwentaba-mlilo, kanye nokuphefumula okunokuqukethwe komlotha okuhlukahlukene. Konke lokhu kudala isimo lapho intaba-mlilo ihlala isebenza khona, ngakho akusona isikhathi sokuphumula noma ukusondela endaweni eyingozi, noma ngabe umsebenzi ungabonakali umangalisa ekuqaleni.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi indawo yokukhishwa kwabantu esungulwe eduze nePopocatépetl Amakhilomitha ayi-12 ukusuka esigodiniUkungena kule ndawo kubeka engcupheni enkulu, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kungamangaza abantu abahamba ngezinyawo, abaqwali bezintaba, noma ababukeli ngezingcezu eziwayo. amatshe akhanyayo kanye neziqhumane okungadala ukulimala okukhulu noma ukufa.
Ngokufanayo, uma kwenzeka imvula enkulu emithambekeni yentaba-mlilo, ingozi yokuwa komlotha iyanda. kugeleza udaka nemfucumfucu (ama-lahar) ehla ngemihosha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi uhlale kude nezindawo zamanzi zemvelo, noma ngabe imvula ayinamandla emadolobheni, ngoba amanzi angase avele ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zentaba-mlilo.
Abantu abahlala eduze kwesifunda sezintaba-mlilo, kanye nalabo abahamba njalo emigwaqweni ezungeze iPopocatépetl, kufanele baziswe ngale ndaba. izinqubo zokwenza uma kwenzeka izinguquko ku-Traffic LightIzinguquko zesigaba zingase zihilele imikhawulo eyengeziwe, ukumiswa kwemisebenzi yangaphandle, noma ukulungiswa kwemizila yezokuthutha, ngakho-ke ukulandela iziqondiso ezisemthethweni kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezingadingekile.
Indlela iPopocatépetl eqashwa ngayo: ama-seismograph, amakhamera kanye nokuhlaziywa kwegesi
Ukuqapha iPopocatépetl kwenziwa nge- uhlelo lokuqapha oluphelele Iqondiswa yi-Cenapred ngokubambisana ne-UNAM, le divayisi ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene obuvumela ukuqapha umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ngesikhathi sangempela, ngenhloso yokuthola izinguquko ezibalulekile ezingabikezela ukwanda kwezinga lengozi.
Okokuqala, inethiwekhi ye izinsimbi zokuzamazama komhlaba Njengoba ifakiwe eduze kwentaba-mlilo, uhlelo luqhubeka nokuqopha ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic kanye nokudlidliza kwangaphakathi okuhambisana ne-magma dynamics ngaphansi kobuso. Ukuhlaziya imvamisa kanye namandla alokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kwentaba-mlilo kunikeza izinkomba mayelana nezinguquko ezingaba khona ekucindezelweni kwangaphakathi kanye nokwenyuka kwezinto ze-magmatic, kulindelwe izimo lapho amathuba okuqhuma anganda khona.
Ngaphezu kwe-seismology, okulandelayo kuyasetshenziswa amakhamera okuqapha abonakalayo nashisayo Lawa makhamera asetshenziselwa ukubona umsebenzi wobuso. Avumela ososayensi ukuthi babone ukukhishwa kwamagesi, umlotha, nezinto ezikhipha i-incandescent, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomgodi wentaba kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ngenxa yalezi zithombe, ochwepheshe bangahlola ukuthi i-lava ikhona yini eduze kobuso noma ukuthi iphethini yokuphefumula iyashintsha kakhulu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuqapha ukuhlaziywa kwe- amagesi entabamliloKusetshenziswa ama-spectrometer kanye neminye imishini ekhethekile, kulinganiswa ukukhishwa kwe-sulfur dioxide (SO2) kanye namanye amakhemikhali akhishwa ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-magmatic. Ukwanda okungazelelwe kokuhlushwa kwala magesi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-a umnikelo omkhulu we-magma emazingeni aphezuluLesi sici sithathwa ngokungathi sína kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa izimo ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo.
Lolu lwazi—oluphathelene nokuzamazama komhlaba, olubonakalayo, olushisayo, nolwamakhemikhali—lucutshungulwa njalo ezikhungweni zokuqapha izintaba-mlilo, lapho amaqembu ochwepheshe ehlaziya khona izitayela namaphethini. Inhloso uku... khipha izixwayiso ngesikhathi esifanele kuziphathimandla ze-Civil Protection kanye nabantu, kunciphisa amathuba okuthi ukuqina komsebenzi ekugcineni kuzomangaza imiphakathi eseduze nePopocatépetl.
Izincomo uma kwenzeka umlotha wentaba-mlilo
Ebukhoneni be umlotha wentaba-mlilo emoyeniIzinhlangano zokuvikela umphakathi zisungule uchungechunge lweziqondiso zokunciphisa imiphumela empilweni nasemvelweni. Umlotha ungacasula uhlelo lokuphefumula, amehlo, kanye nesikhumba, futhi ungalimaza nemizi, izimoto, ingqalasizinda, kanye nezitshalo uma kungasetshenziswanga kahle.
Kubantu bonke, kuyalulekwa vala ikhala nomlomo Sebenzisa indwangu emanzi noma imaski yobuso uma kufanele uphume ngaphandle ngenkathi umlotha usemoyeni. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi ugeze amehlo akho nomphimbo wakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze ugweme ukucasuka, futhi uhlale endlini ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini. izinkinga zokuphefumula, izingane noma abantu asebekhulile.
Ngokuphathelene nokuvikela amehlo, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ozimele bezingilazi futhi ugweme amalensi okuxhumana, njengoba izinhlayiya zomlotha ezincane zinganqwabelana phakathi kweso nelensi, okubangela ukungakhululeki ngisho nokulimala. Ezimotweni, iziphathimandla zincoma ukuthi ungagcobi umlotha emzimbeni noma uzame ukuwuhlanza womile, kodwa Yisuse ngamanzi futhi ngokucophelela ukuze ungaklwebhi upende noma wonakalise i-windscreen.
Ukuphathwa komlotha oqongeleleke emigwaqweni, ophahleni, nasemagcekeni kufanele kwenziwe ngu ukushanela okomileFaka izinto eziqoqiwe ezikhwameni noma ezitsheni bese uzivimbela ukuthi zingangeni ohlelweni lokukhipha amanzi. Uma umlotha uvunyelwe ukuxubana namanzi bese ugeleza ungene emiseleni yamanzi angcolile, kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kanye nomonakalo engqalasizinda. Ezingadini nasezivandeni zezithelo, kunconywa nisela izitshalo kancane ngaphambi kokuzama ukususa umlotha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa umthelela ezitshalweni.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuvikela ukudla namanziAmathangi okugcina kufanele ambozwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa komlotha, futhi ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezilwane zasemapulazini kufanele kugcinwe kuvikelwe. Okokugcina, kugcizelelwa ukuthi izingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile kufanele bagcinwe kude nezindawo ezinomlotha omningi, nokuthi kufanele kuqashwe ngokucophelela. Izinkomba zokuvikela umphakathi Ngokuphathelene nokumiswa kwemisebenzi yangaphandle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaski noma imishini yokuzivikela eyengeziwe uma kudingeka.
Isicelo sokuhlala kude ne-crater futhi ugweme ukukhuphuka izintaba endaweni
Njengoba kunikezwe umsebenzi wamanje wePopocatépetl kanye nokugcinwa kwezinga lesexwayiso leSigaba 2 esiphuzi, bobabili iCenapred kanye nochwepheshe bezintaba-mlilo kanye nokukhuphuka izintaba baye bacaca: Akuphephile ukukhuphuka intaba-mlilo futhi ungasondeli emgodini. Indawo yokungabandakanywa engamakhilomitha ayi-12 ayiyona into ongayikhetha, kodwa iyisinyathelo sokuphepha esisekelwe ekutheni kungenzeka kube nokuqhuma okungazelelwe.
Abacwaningi abavela kwi-Institute of Geophysics e-UNAM, asebefunde i-"Don Goyo" amashumi eminyaka, bagcizelela ukuthi ukuziphatha kwamanje kwentaba-mlilo kusikisela ukuthi isimo sengozi esihlala njalo kunoma ubani ozama imisebenzi ephakeme emithambekeni yayo noma ezindaweni eziseduze. Ngisho nabaqwali bezintaba abanolwazi bavumile ukuthi, uma sibheka isimo samanje, inkambo ehlakaniphile kakhulu yesenzo sesha ezinye izindawo ngemikhuba yabo uma nje leli zinga lomsebenzi ligcinwa.
Abafundisi bezintaba kanye nezinhlangano nabo baxwayise ngokuba khona okunikezwayo kohambo kanye nokuvakasha abathembisa ukunyuka kwePopocatépetl naphezu kwemingcele esemthethweni. Kulezi zimo, bagcizelela ukuthi, ngaphezu kwengozi esobala yomzimba, kungaba nemizamo yokukhwabanisa kulabo abaqasha lezi zinhlobo zezinsizakalo, njengoba ukufinyelela kufanele kulinganiselwe ngezizathu zokuphepha.
Kusukela emkhakheni wokuhlenga izintaba, kugcizelelwa ukuthi Amaqembu okutakula awakwazi ukufaka impilo yawo engozini ukusindisa abantu abaye bazishaya indiva ngamabomu izixwayiso. Ukuhlanganiswa komlotha, amagesi, ukuqhuma okungenzeka, kanye nendawo engazinzile kwenza indawo yentaba ibe yindawo enonya kakhulu, lapho noma yisiphi isigameko singaphenduka khona inhlekelele ngokushesha.
Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zikhuthazwa ukuba zibe nesimo sengqondo sokwethembeka: yize isithombe sentaba-mlilo singase simangaze futhi sidale ilukuluku, okubaluleke kakhulu kumele kube gcina ubuqotho obungokomzimba futhi ugweme ukubeka amaqembu ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye namaqembu okuhlenga engozini. Imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa kanye nezemidlalo ingaqondiswa kwezinye izintaba namapaki emvelo angekho ezingeni elifanayo lengozi yezintaba-mlilo.
Ulwazi olusemthethweni kanye neziteshi zokuxhumana uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo
Emongweni womsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo njengalona okhona manje, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zigcizelela ukubaluleka Ungasabalalisi noma ukholelwe amahemuhemu ezisakazwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemiyalezo. Ulwazi olungalungile lungadala i-alamu engadingekile noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, lubangele abanye abantu ukuthi bangayinaki ingozi yangempela ehlobene nePopocatépetl.
I-National Coordination of Civil Protection, kanye ne-Cenapred, ishicilela izibuyekezo njalo ngesimo sentaba-mlilo kanye ne-Volcanic Alert System ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezisemthethweni ku-inthanethi nakwezokuxhumanaPhakathi kwazo kukhona iwebhusayithi yesikhungo se-Cenapred (www.gob.mx/cenapred) kanye ne-akhawunti eqinisekisiwe ye-Federal Civil Protection (@CNPC_MX kunethiwekhi yezokuxhumana i-X, eyayiyi-Twitter ngaphambili), lapho kwabelwana khona ngemibiko yobuchwepheshe, izincomo kanye nezaziso ezifanele zabantu.
Ukubika izimo eziphuthumayo ezihlobene nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo Ukuze bacele usizo ezimweni ezivela ekuweni komlotha, ukugeleza kodaka, noma imithelela emiphakathini eseduze, izinsizakalo ze-Cenapred kanye ne-Civil Protection zinikeza umphakathi izintambo zocingo ezithile. Lezi zifaka inombolo ethi 800-713-4147, ehambisana nenkonzo yezimo eziphuthumayo ejwayelekile engu-911, ehlanganisa impendulo nezinhlangano zokuphepha nezokuhlenga ezifanele.
Inani labantu abahlala ezindaweni eziseduze nePopocatépetl, kanye nalabo abangase bathinteke ngokungaqondile ngenxa yokuwa komlotha, kufanele bahlale benolwazi ukuqapha njalo izitatimende ezisemthethweniIkakhulukazi uma kumenyezelwa izinguquko endleleni yomoya, izibikezelo zemvula enkulu, noma ukushintshashintsha komsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba kwentaba-mlilo. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngemithombo ethembekile kungenye yamathuluzi ayinhloko okunciphisa ubungozi balezi zinhlobo zezehlakalo zemvelo.
Ngamafuphi, uchungechunge lwamuva nje lwe- Ukuphefumula okungu-12 okuqoshwe ePopocatépetlLokhu, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi nomlotha esimweni se-Yellow Alert Phase 2, kuqinisa isidingo sokuhlanganisa ukuqapha okuqinile kwesayensi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. Ukuhlonipha umngcele wokuphepha, ukulandela izincomo uma kwenzeka kuwa umlotha, kanye nokuthembela kuphela olwazini oluvela kuziphathimandla kusenza sikwazi ukuhlala ndawonye nentaba-mlilo esebenzayo njengalena. “UDon Goyo” ukunciphisa izingozi kubantu kanye nengqalasizinda eseduze.
