Ukukhiqizwa okusha kwe- I-Threepenny Opera Sekungenye yezihloko ezinamandla kakhulu enkundleni yemidlalo yaseSpain. I-Coke Mesh endimeni kaMackie Navaja futhi ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sika UMario VegaLe nguqulo ye-classic ka Bertolt Brecht y Kurt Weill Ibuyisa ingqikithi ebhubhisayo yomsebenzi futhi iyibeke phambi komphakathi wanamuhla, ngesikhathi lapho ukungalingani, ukungahleleki kanye nenkohlakalo sekuphinde kwaba yisizinda sempikiswano yomphakathi.
Kunokuba kube ukuvuselelwa okulula kwe-classic, lo mkhiqizo uhlose i- ukufunda kwanamuhla futhi okungokoqobo kakhuluNgomculo obukhoma, ubuhle be-cabaret, kanye nethoni esabekayo efuna ukwenza umbukeli ahleke ngenkathi ebaphoqa ukuba babheke esibukweni esingakhululekile somphakathi lapho cishe yonke into ithengwa futhi ithengiswa khona, kufaka phakathi usizi.
I-classic ebaluleke kakhulu ezinkundleni zaseSpain
Umsebenzi manje ufika eSpain nge- ukukhiqizwa kwefomethi enkulu Isayinwe ngu I-Pérez Galdós Theatre eLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Imikhiqizo Yemikhumbi Yamasela y Imikhiqizo Engaphansi Kwehora ElilodwaNgemva kokwethulwa kwayo okokuqala eCanary Islands, lapho yamukelwe khona ngemfudumalo ngabagxeki kanye nezilaleli, lo mkhiqizo usuqalile uhambo olukhulu lukazwelonke oluhlanganisa izindawo ezibalulekile njenge- I-Arriaga Theatre yaseBilbao futhi i I-Romea Theatre yaseMurcia, mayelana Imisebenzi evaliwe engu-90 emadolobheni ahlukene.
EBilbao, umdlalo udlalwa e-Arriaga Theatre. Februwari 12-15, enemisebenzi NgoLwesine nangoLwesihlanu ngo-19:30 ntambama futhi i NgoMgqibelo nangeSonto ngo-19:00 PMEMurcia, umbukiso uhlelelwe e- I-Teatro Romea el 20 ngoFebhuwari ku 20: amahora angu-00ukuhlanganisa ukuba khona komkhiqizo esifundeni semidlalo yeshashalazi emikhulu yomphakathi neyangasese ezweni lonke.
Inhloso yalo msebenzi akukhona nje ukuvuselela isihloko esingokomlando. Inhloso yawo ukukhombisa ukuthi Ukugxekwa kukaBrecht kwezenhlaloLeli gama, elakhiwe eBerlin phakathi kwezimpi, liyaqhubeka nokuzwakala kakhulu eYurophu namuhla. Ukubhekisela enkohlakalweni yezikhungo, ukuxhashazwa kwabasengozini kakhulu, kanye nokungajeziswa kwabanamandla kuyabonakala ezilalelini eziphila phakathi kochungechunge lwezinkinga kanye nokungathembi abaphezulu.
Le ndlela yenza umsebenzi usebenze kokubili ucezu lwe-repertoire yeshashalazi yaseYurophu yekhulu lama-20 njengohlobo lomlando ophazamisayo wamanje. Akudingeki ukuvuselela umbhalo ngokoqobo: izingxoxo, izingoma, nezimo kubonakala sengathi zibhalelwe umbukeli ofunda izindaba nsuku zonke mayelana nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla, ubumpofu obuhlelekile, kanye nokungalingani okukhulayo.
UCoque Malla wamukela ngokugcwele ubuntu bukaMackie Navaja
Okuheha kakhulu abezindaba kulo mkhiqizo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuba khona I-Coke Mesh njengomlingiswa oyinhloko. Umculi ozalelwe eMadrid, onezinto ezingaphezu kuka- iminyaka engamashumi amane yomsebenzi Ngemva kwakhe, uthatha inselele yokulingisa UMackie Navaja (uMack the Knife), omunye wamaqhawe aphikisana kakhulu nemidlalo yeshashalazi yekhulu lama-20, owaziwa futhi ngaphandle kwesiteji ngenxa yezinguqulo ezingenakubalwa zengoma yakhe edumile.
UMalla, owayesevele edlalela amafilimu kanye nakwamanye amaphrojekthi eshashalazi ngezikhathi ezithile, uchaze ukuthi wayamukela le ndima ngesikhathi ukugcwala okuthile kwesimiso somculoNgemva kohambo olude lokugubha iminyaka yakhe engama-40 emculweni, wazizwa edinga "ukwenza ushintsho olukhulu" futhi ayeke umsebenzi wokuqamba, ukuqopha, ukukhuthaza, kanye nokuvakasha isikhashana, kanye nobizo luka UMario Vega Kwafika kuye ngqo kulelo phuzu lokushintsha kobungcweti.
Lo mlingisi nomculi uchaza uMackie njengomlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi, odlula umbono wecala lesigebengu esincane esinommese okhalweni. Uchaza ukuthi ukuzijwayeza kugxile ekumlingiseni njengomdlali we-actress. umuntu obonisa isifiso sokuvelela nokukhashelwaIndoda ehamba kalula phakathi kobugebengu, ukukhanga, kanye nobuzenzisi emphakathini. Nakuba uBrecht ngokwakhe eshiye imiyalelo ebandayo futhi ehlukanisile yokuhumusha, ithimba lokudala linqume ukusondela kubo ngokuqonda okukhulu kwesiLatini, lixuba imizwa, amahlaya, idrama kanye namahlaya amnyama.
KuMalla, ukwamukela lo msebenzi nakho kunesici somuntu siqu. Uyindodana yabadlali. UGerardo Malla y I-Amparo ValleUchaza ukuxhumana kwakhe nesiteji ngokuthi “ubuthi beshashalazi” obuzuzwe njengefa ekhaya. Njengoba ekhulele emndenini wamahlaya, udlala indima kulo mdlalo ngendlela ethile yokuxazulula izinkinga ngemvelaphi yakhe, cishe sengathi, ngamazwi akhe, wayedlala i-“Hamlet” yakhe ethile ngaphakathi kwe-repertoire yaseBrechtian.
Ngesikhathi sesethulo eBilbao, lo mculi wagcizelela ukuthi I-Threepenny Opera Uyadonseleka kukho ngoba “kuthinta izici ezijulile nezimnyama kakhulu zobuntu,” hhayi nje ezepolitiki noma zenhlalo. Unesithakazelo esikhulu endleleni umsebenzi obhekana ngayo nobugovu, isizungu sanamuhla, kanye nesifiso sokuzisindisa nganoma yiziphi izindleko—izindikimba, ngokusho kwakhe, ezibonakala kalula endleleni yokuphila yanamuhla, eziphawulwa ukuzimela kanye nesiphephelo esitholakala ezikrinini zefoni ephathekayo.
Inkampani yekwaya kanye nebhendi ebukhoma nelebula leMalla
Ngaphandle komlingiswa wayo oyinhloko, umkhiqizo usekelwe ku- abadlali bekwayara abasezingeni eliphezulu kanye neqembu lomculo eliqinile kakhulu. Esiteji bayahlangana Abaculi abangu-14: abadlali abayisikhombisa nabaculi abayisikhombisa ababelana ngesikhala sesiteji futhi bakhe umsebenzi njengento engenakuhlukaniswa phakathi kweshashalazi nomculo.
Engxenyeni yokuhumusha, eceleni I-Coke Mesh Amagama aphawulekayo afaka phakathi U-Omar Calicchio, UMiquel Mars, UCarmen Barrantes, U-Andrea Guasch, UCristina Garcia, Paula Iwasaki, U-Esther Izquierdo y URuth SánchezBonke bathatha abalingiswa abaculayo nabadlalayo, into edinga ukuguquguquka okuphawulekayo, njengoba umbhalo weBrecht uchazwa kahle kulolo shintsho phakathi kwengxoxo nenombolo yomculo ephula njalo okulindelwe umphakathi.
Ngasohlangothini lomculo, isiqondiso sisezandleni zika UMiguel MallaUmfowabo kaCoque kanye nomlingani ovamile ohambweni lwakhe nasekuqopheni kwakhe. Ukuba khona kwakhe, njengoba umlingiswa oyinhloko ngokwakhe evumile, kwakungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekwamukeleni lo msebenzi, kokubili ukwethembana kwezobuciko kanye nokubophana ngokomzwelo: ukuba ndawonye esiteji kuyinto abayibona cishe njengeqembu Isikhumbuzo esijulile kubazali bakhe kanye nesiko lomndeni wakhe elihlobene neshashalazi.
Leli qembu, elakhiwe ngabaculi abayisikhombisa, lithembele emaphuzu ahlanganisa i-jazz, i-cabaret kanye nezingoma ezidumile, ethembekile olimini oluzwakalayo lwe Kurt WeillPhakathi kwabadlali bezinsimbi zomculo kukhona amagama anjengalawa: UGabriel Marijuana, UDaniel Rouleau, U-Evgeni Riechkalov, URoberto Bazán, Nestor Caballero y UPablo Novoalo wakamuva waziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe e- Amagalelo aphansi nokuthi, ngaphezu kokudlala, uphinde adlale indima encane njengomlingisi esiteji.
Umklamo wesiphakamiso uqedwa ngokucophelela Ukukhanyisa nguJuan Gómez-CornejoUmklomelo Weshashalazi Kazwelonke, kanye ne- Ikhabethe lika-Elda Noriega Lokhu kuqinisa isimo esihloniphekile, esigxekayo, nesithandwayo saseLondon esacatshangwa nguBrecht. Umphumela uba yindawo yesiteji, ngaphandle kokulwela ukuba ngokoqobo, edala isimo esibonakalayo sezwe elingaphansi komhlaba, izindawo zokuthengisa izifebe, namahhovisi lapho kunqunywa khona isiphetho sabangabalulekile.
I-orchestra ayisebenzi nje njengokuhambisana nesizinda: ukungenelela komculo ngakunye kusebenza njenge- ukuphawula okugxekayo ngesenzoLokhu kuqinisa umphumela wokuqhelelana ofunwa yi-Brechtian epic theatre. Izingoma zikhuluma ngqo nezilaleli, zigwema imizwa futhi ngokumangalisayo zigcizelela umehluko phakathi kwalokho okushiwoyo, okuculwayo, nalokho okwenzekayo esiteji.
Isakhiwo: ILondon yosizi, ukunethezeka, nobudlova obuhleliwe
Umlando we I-Threepenny Opera itholakala ku-a ILondon phakathi kwezimpiIndawo lapho usizi luhlangana khona obala nokunethezeka kanye nobubi. Kulesi simo esibi sokuziphatha, [amandla amakhulu] ayabusa. Ummese we-Mackie, isigebengu esinobugovu nesingenaso isimilo esilawula izwe labafileyo njengokungathi yinkampani ehlelekile kahle, enemithetho yayo kanye nezikhundla zayo.
Uvela phambi kwakhe UJonathan PeachumUPeachum, usomabhizinisi ozuze ingcebo yakhe ngokuxhaphaza ngokucela. Ngaphansi kobuso obuhloniphekile, uguqule ubumpofu babanye baba ibhizinisi elinenzuzo nelicophelelayoukuphatha ukuba khona kwezinxibi emigwaqweni njengokungathi kungenye nje imithombo engaphakathi komshini wobungxowankulu. Idolobha lonke, empeleni, liziveza njengohlobo lwendawo enkulu yokubulala abantu.
Ingxabano iyakhula lapho UPolly PeachumIndodakazi kasomabhizinisi ishada ngasese noMackie. Lokho okungase kubonakale sengathi uthando oluvamile lushintsha lube impi yezintshisekeloUPeachum wenqaba ukwamukela ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ijoyine isigebengu angasilawuli, kanti uMackie akafuni ukuyeka amandla awakhile ngobudlova, ukufumbathisa, kanye nezivumelwano ezifihlakele.
Kunokuba yisisulu esingenzi lutho, uPolly ubonisa ukucaca nekhono lokuhlela elihlukana nendima yendabuko elindelwe kuye. Kule nguqulo, umlingiswa wakhe uvezwa njengomuntu ovamile. omunye umdlali ebhodini lamandlaokwazi ukuhamba ngezinga elifanayo namadoda azama ukumsebenzisa. Lo mbono unezela ungqimba lwesimanje endabeni, ugcizelela ukuthi endaweni yonke kaBrecht cishe akekho ongenacala futhi wonke umuntu uzama ukusizakala.
Njengoba indaba iqhubeka, ukukhashelwa, ukufumbathisa, kanye nezivumelwano eziyimfihlo ziyanda. Ekugcineni uMackie uboshwa futhi ugwetshwe ukufa, eqhutshwa yiziqhinga zikaPeachum kanye neziphathimandla ezonakele ezibona lokhu njengethuba elihle lokuxazulula izinkinga. Kodwa isiphetho sethula ushintsho olungalindelekile okuhlekisayo njengokungenangqondoUxolelo lomzuzu wokugcina olunikezwe yiCrown lusindisa umlingiswa oyinhloko ekubethelweni, okugqamisa ukuthi ubulungiswa abuyona enye into ngaphandle kwesigaba lapho kwenziwa khona ihlaya lamandla.
Ukugxekwa okukhulu kobungxowankulu okusabalulekile
Kuqale ku IBerlin ngo-1928, phakathi kwenkinga yezomnotho kanye nesimo sezepolitiki esishubile, Die Dreigroschenoper Yazalwa ngenhloso yokushukumisa onembeza. Umbhalo ka Bertolt Brecht, ebhalwe ngokubambisana ne U-Elisabeth Hauptmann futhi isekelwa ngumculo we- Kurt Weill, kwavuselela ihlaya lomculo wesiNgisi I-Opera Yabancengi, of UJohn Gayukuyiguqula ibe ukugxekwa okukhulu kobungxowankulu kanye nezindlela zayo zokukhipha abanye.
Umqondo wokuthi uhlelo lwezomnotho lusebenza njenge- "umshini omkhulu wobugebengu obuhleliwe" Lesi sihloko sigcwele wonke umsebenzi. Umngcele phakathi kobugebengu nokuhlonishwa komphakathi uyafiphala: UMackie noPeachum baziphatha ngendlela efanayo, oyedwa kuphela osebenza ngaphandle komkhawulo kanti omunye usebenza esikhundleni esibonakala sisemthethweni. Izinxibi, izifebe, kanye nezisebenzi ezisengozini babonakala njengezigebengu ezingasetshenziswa emshinini odla ubuthakathaka babo.
Kunokuba anikeze amaqhawe noma abantu abahlengayo, uBrecht wethula indawo yonke lapho Azikho izinhlamvu "ezinhle"Wonke umuntu uzama ukusinda ngendlela angakwazi ngayo endaweni enokuncintisana okukhulu. Lokhu kuntuleka kwenduduzo yokuziphatha kungenye yezinto ezichaza ukuthi kungani umsebenzi ungahlaliseki futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubaluleke kangaka: kuphoqa umbukeli ukuba aqaphele ukuguquguquka okungeyona into engavamile empilweni yanamuhla.
Impumelelo yalo mdlalo yashesha: ngonyaka wawo wokuqala eJalimane kuphela, waqoqa izinkulungwane zemibukiso ezindaweni eziningi zemidlalo yeshashalazi, kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuvela kobuNazi kumisa ngokuzumayo ukwanda kwemidlalo yeshashalazi yaseBrechtian ezweni lawo. Kodwa-ke, lo mdlalo uqhubeke udlalwa emhlabeni wonke, uzibeka njengomdlalo wakudala. enye yezinsika zemidlalo yezemidlalo yezepolitiki yaseYurophu kanye nendawo yemidlalo yeshashalazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-epic.
Kulolu hlobo oluhambela iSpain manje, ithimba likaMario Vega likhethe ukuhlala lithembekile ngangokunokwenzeka embhalweni wokuqala, ngaphandle kokuguqula isenzo sibe sesikhathini samanje noma ukuphoqa izinkomba ezisobala zesimanje. Umqondisi uphikisa ngokuthi Asikho isidingo "sokuthinta" umsebenzi ukuze ukhulume ngezenzakalo zamanjeLalela nje. Izinkomba ngabahluleli, inkohlakalo, ukuxhashazwa kwezomnotho, kanye nokuwohloka kokuziphatha zase zikhona kakade, futhi izethameli zika-2026 zibahlobanisa ngokuzenzekelayo nesimo sezombusazwe nesenhlalo abasibona nsuku zonke.
Ubuhle obubi kakhulu, amahlaya amnyama, kanye nokuqhelelana kweBrechtian
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zalesi sithombe yi- ukukhetha okuhle okunqumayoIsiteji sihlanganisa izithombe ezinyantisayo, ezigqamile, kanye nesimo se-cabaret esihlanganisa okuthandwayo nokungcolile. Idizayini yesethi ayihloselwe ukuphinda iLondon engokoqobo, kodwa kunalokho indawo engokomfanekiso lapho abalingiswa behamba khona cishe njengezithombe zomhlaba ogcwele ubugovu.
El imizwa emnyama Isebenza njengethuluzi eliyisisekelo. Izikhathi ezinobudlova kakhulu noma ezinemifanekiso ethulwa ngokuhlekisa, okuvumela izilaleli ukuthi zigcine ibanga elithile lemizwa ngenkathi zisamunca umyalezo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuhleka nokungakhululeki kuhambisana kakhulu nesiko lamaBrecht, elifuna ukugwema ukuhlonza imizwa ukuze kukhuthazwe isimo sokugxeka esisebenzayo.
UVega ugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwe ukuqhelelana kwesigabaIzindlela zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ziyadalulwa, izimiso ziyaphulwa, kuphakanyiswa ukuba khona kwezibani zokukhanya kanye nemishini yasesiteji, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "udonga lwesine" kuyaphulwa, ukuze izethameli ziyeke ukuba yizibukeli ezingenzi lutho futhi zibe yingxenye yomdlalo waseshashalazini. Inhloso icacile: ukuthi umdlalo "ukhululeke ukuwubuka, kodwa ungakhululeki ukucabanga ngawo."
Ukukhanya kwe UJuan Gómez-Cornejo kanye ne-wardrobe U-Elda Noriega Zihlanganiswe kulowo mugqa: izibani eziphawula izinguquko zethoni ngendlela ecishe ibe yi-cinema, imibala kanye nezithombe ezigcizelela umlingiswa wabalingiswa, kanye nenhlanganisela yezinto zesikhathi ezinemininingwane engaphelelwa yisikhathi esikhumbuza ukuthi lokho okukhulunywa ngakho akusikho okwesikhathi esidlule kuphela.
Umculo we Kurt WeillNgokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwe-cabaret yaseBerlin, i-jazz, nengoma ethandwayo, iba uhlobo lomlandisi ohambisanayo. Ngaphansi kwenduku ka- UMiguel MallaIngoma ngayinye iculwa ngamandla agwema noma yisiphi isilingo sokumboza indaba. Esikhundleni sokuyisonga ngesembozo semizwa, izingoma ziyayihlaba, ziyibuze, bese ziyiveza nge-a ihlaya elishiya isikhala esincane senduduzo.
Uhambo oluthintana nesipho saseYurophu
Uhambo lwalo mkhiqizo emadolobheni afana Bilbao y Murcia, kanye nendlela yayo ehleliwe edlula eMadrid nakwezinye izingxenye zoMbuso, izindawo I-Threepenny Opera enkabeni yengxoxo yamasiko mayelana Ithiyetha yezepolitiki kanye nenkumbulo yaseYurophuUkwethula namuhla indaba yakudala eyayigxeka inkinga yempi phakathi kwabantu kanye nokwanda kokungalingani kusenza sikwazi ukufana neYurophu ephawulwe ukungavikeleki kwemisebenzi, izinkinga zokufuduka kanye nokungazethembi izikhungo.
UMario Vega ngokwakhe ugcizelele ezinkundleni eziningana ukuthi lo mdlalo "uphakamisa ukucabanga okungadingi ukuphoqeleka ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani njengamanje eSpain noma emhlabeni." Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla nokuxhashazwa, phakathi kwabaxhashazwayo nabaxhashazwayo, phakathi kokubonakala komthetho kanye nobugebengu obuhlelekile, buvela emdlalweni ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubhekisela okucacile ezenzakalweni zezepolitiki zamanje, okwandisa umthelela wawo. ikhono lokubandakanya umbukeli.
Lokhu kufunda kuhlanganisa ingxoxo nezinye izinhlelo emkhakheni wezemfundo namasiko, njenge- ukuguqulwa kwe-The Threepenny Opera yi-Municipal School of Theatre yaseZaragozaolethe lo mdlalo kuThishanhloko weTeatro njengomsebenzi wokufundisa abafundi abalingisi. Lapho, lo mdlalo usetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuzindla ngobuzenzisi bomphakathi, ukuthengiswa kosizi, kanye nokubaluleka okuqhubekayo kwemidlalo yeshashalazi ebabazekayo ekuqeqeshweni kwabadlali abasebasha.
Uma sibheka konke, ukuhamba kwalo mkhiqizo ezindaweni ezahlukene ezweni lonke kusiza ukugcina uphila I-European classic cishe ineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala Iyaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngezikhathi zethu ngokucacile, okukhathaza abaningi. Iqiniso lokuthi umkhiqizo omkhulu, onebhendi ebukhoma kanye nabadlali abaningi, uphumelela ukuvakashela amabhayisikobho amaningi aseSpain libonisa nesithakazelo somphakathi emibukisweni ehlanganisa ukuzijabulisa, ingozi yobuhle, kanye nokuqukethwe kwezepolitiki.
Labo abeza ukuzobona I-Threepenny Opera Bazohlangana nomkhiqizo ongafuni ukugxilisa ingqondo, kodwa kunalokho ubuza imibuzo engakhululekile ngamahlaya, umculo, kanye negalari yabalingiswa abaningi kakhulu njengoba bebonakala. Phakathi kwezingoma ze-cabaret, ama-jab ahlekisayo, kanye nendaba yokufisa nokukhashelwa, umdlalo uzibeka njengomunye walezo zenzakalo zaseshashalazini, ngale nje kweqiniso lokuveza igama elidumile njengoCoque Malla, Bagcizelela ukubaluleka okuqhubekayo kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini ebucayi eSpain naseYurophu yanamuhla..