EYurophu naseSpain, abaphathi, ochwepheshe kanye nezakhamizi Bahamba ngemikhankaso, izinhlelo, namathuluzi amasha. ukusebenzisa kangcono le mithi, ukukhuthaza ukuvimbela (kuhlanganise nokugoma) futhi iqukethe ukusabalala kwamagciwane amelana.
Kwenzekani: izibalo, izitayela, nokuthi kungani kukhathazeka
Ezwekazini, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane amelana Babangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-35.000 ngonyakaFuthi eSpain, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kufa cishe i-4.000 ngonyaka, umthelela ofana nowezinye izinsongo ezinkulu zezempilo uma kuthathwa izinyathelo eziqhubekayo.
La umthwalo esibhedlela Kuphezulu: ingxenye enkulu yamagciwane amelana nokuvela kwezindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nokusakazwa kwamagciwane anegram-negative amelana nemithi, njenge-Escherichia coli noma i-Klebsiella pneumoniae, kuyakhathaza.
ISpain idonsa a ngokomlando ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu komphakathi kwama-antibioticngokunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezifo zezingane kanye nezifo zokuphefumula ezincane, ngokuvamile ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi azidingi le mithi.
Ukuvimbela kwenza umehluko: ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi a ukugoma okuhle Ngokumelene nezifo ezigwemekayo, kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ukuvikela amaqembu asengozini njengabantu abadala, abantu abanokugula okuhambisana nakho, kanye nezingane.
Izilinganiso zesikhathi esimaphakathi nezesikhathi eside Balindele isimo esinzima.Ukuguga kwabantu kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela njalo kubantu asebekhulile kungase kwenyuse ingcindezi ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic uma izinqubomgomo zokuvimbela, ukuxilongwa kanye nokusetshenziswa ngobuhlakani zingaqiniswa.
Izimpendulo ziyaqhubeka e-Spain: ukusuka ku-PRAN kuya ku-PROA
Ididiyelwe yi-AEMPS, i Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokumelana Nokumelana Nama-Antibiotic (PRAN) Ihlanganisa inqubekelaphambili: ukusetshenziswa kuyaqhubeka nokwehla kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, ngokunciphisa ngo-13,8% empilweni yabantu kanye no-60,15% empilweni yezilwane, futhi yethula imikhankaso emisha yomphakathi yokubandakanya wonke umphakathi ekusetshenzisweni komthwalo wemfanelo.
Umkhankaso omusha wokufinyelela owenziwa yi-PRAN uyagcizelela ukuthi Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele kubalulekileUkuqinisa imilayezo ecacile: landela iziqondiso, ungacindezeli ukuthi uthole imiyalelo, ungaziphilisi, futhi ulahle izinsalela ngendlela efanele ekhemisi (SIGRE Point) ukuze ugweme umthelela wazo kwezemvelo.
Imiphakathi iqhubekela phambili ne Ama-Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs)I-Navarra isiqedile isitifiketi se-PROA ezindaweni zayo ezintathu zezempilo futhi ibamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zaseYurophu ezifana ne-EU-JAMRAI, isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvumelanisa ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqapha kanye nezinqumo zokwelapha nezinqubo zekhwalithi.
Imfundo yezempilo nayo inomthelela: amanyuvesi nezibhedlela zihlela imicimbi efana "Izinganekwane eziphikisayo, ukunqoba ukumelana"okugxile ekulweni nolwazi olungaqondile, ukuchaza lapho kudingekile isibulala-magciwane, kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokuvimbela esekelwe ebufakazini.
Ekunakekelweni okuyisisekelo nasebuhlengikazini, kugcizelelwa emilayezweni esebenzayo: ungawagcini ama-antibiotic "uma kwenzeka"Ungaphazamisi ukwelashwa futhi khumbula ukuthi akusebenzi ngokumelene namagciwane afana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane; ukuxhumana okuhle kunciphisa ingcindezi engadingekile ekubonisaneni.
Imithetho eyishumi nezincomo: kusukela ohlelweni kuya kwizakhamizi
Kusukela ku-One Health approach (impilo yomuntu, izilwane kanye nemvelo) ziye zasakazwa izinhlelo eziyishumi zeziphakamiso okuqinisa umsebenzi osuvele wenziwe yi-PRAN: ukwenza ngcono ukubusa kongqongqoshe, ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindlela zokwelapha nokuxilonga, ukuvimbela izifo ngokugoma nokuhlanzeka, nokuqinisekisa ukulingana ekufinyeleleni ukwelashwa.
Ezingeni lesakhamuzi, imihlahlandlela icacile: goma kukho konke ukuphila kwakho (kanye nasezifuyweni ezifuywayo), geza izandla njalo, gcina ukudla okunempilo nenhlanzeko yasekhaya, khetha izinto zokuhamba ezingangcolisi ukuze unciphise izifo zokuphefumula, ugweme ukuzelapha, landela uhlelo olumisiwe futhi hambisa izinsalela e-Punto SIGRE.
Imiphakathi yesayensi iphikelela ekubandakanyeni amaqembu e-PROA kuzo zonke izindawo, kuhlanganise nezokwelapha zezingane: gwema ukungenelela ngaphandle kobufakazi, ukukhetha ukuxilonga okusheshayo nokuqinisekisa isibulala-magciwane esifanele ngethamo elidingekayo kanye nobude besikhathi, kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi kanye nokungazweli.
Ukuqamba okusha, imigomo kanye nohlaka lwaseYurophu
Imiphakathi yesayensi ne-biotechnology isebenzela ukusheshisa ama-antibiotic amashaimigomo kanye nokuxilonga ngokusheshaUkugoma sekusungulwa njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuvimbela izifo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunciphisa isidingo sokunquma ama-antibiotics empilweni yabantu nezilwane.
Ezingeni laseYurophu, okulandelayo kuyacatshangelwa: izikhuthazo ezehlisa ukubuya komnotho kumthamo wokuthengisa (njengamamodeli okubhalisa) futhi icela ukuthi ama-antibiotic abonwe njengengqalasizinda yezempilo ebalulekile. Amanethiwekhi okuqapha ahlanganisiwe axhuma idatha yomuntu, udokotela wezilwane, kanye nemvelo abalulekile ukuze ulindele izinsongo.
Izinselelo zisekhona: ukubeka phambili imigomo yabantu abasengozini, thuthukisa ukwamukelwa kwayo kanye nokuhlanganisa, kanye nesiqiniseko uxhaso oluqhubekayo lwe-R&DUkuxhumana phakathi kocwaningo, izimboni, nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izixazululo zifinyelela kulabo abazidingayo ngesikhathi.
Ukuzilapha: umthwalo ongagwemeka
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela noma ukuxilongwa kuvamile ezindlebeni ezithambile, ikhala, nomphimbo: Ingxenye yabantu iwathatha ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. noma ucela le mithi ngezimpawu ezivamise ukuba yigciwane kanye nokuzibekela umkhawulo, eziqhubekisela phambili ukuziphatha okuyingozi.
Ukuqala imithi elwa namagciwane "uma kwenzeka", ukusebenzisa kabusha ama-antibiotic asele ekwelashweni kwangaphambilini, noma ukuyimisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwandisa ingcindezi ekhethiwe kumabhaktheriya futhi ibeka engcupheni izinketho zesikhathi esizayo ezimeni lapho kudingekile. Uma ungabaza, kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe bezempilo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe Ukuvimbela (imithi yokugoma nezinyathelo zokuhlanzeka), ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile, nezinhlelo zekhwalithi ezifana ne-PROAIhlangene nemikhankaso ye-PRAN kanye nohlaka lwaseYurophu oluvuza izinto ezintsha, lubeka umgwaqo weSpain ne-Europe ukuthi luqukathe "ubhubhane oluthulile" lokumelana futhi lulondoloze ukusebenza kwemithi elwa namagciwane ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
