España izokwenqabela ukufuywa kwezinkukhu ngaphandle kusukela ngomhlaka-10 Novemba ezindaweni eziqokwe njengengcuphe kakhulu futhi eziqashwe ngeso lokhozi umkhuhlane wezinyoni. Lesi sinqumo, esamukelwe nguMnyango Wezolimo, Izinhlanzi kanye Nokudla (MAPA), siza ngemuva kokwanda kokuqubuka kwe-European Union kanye nokuqubuka kwezifo eziningi ezitholwe emapulazini ezweni.
Umgomo uwukuthi ukunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinyoni ezifudukayo nezinyoni ezifuywayo phakathi nenkathi ephakeme yokusakazwa kwegciwane le-H5N1. UMnyango Wezolimo, Izinhlanzi kanye Nokudla (i-MAPA) uphawula ukuthi lo myalelo usetshenziswa ngokukhetha, futhi isibalo siphezulu emiphakathini amaphasishi afudukayo njengoba I-Andalusia, iCastile neLeón noma iCatalonia, kanye nenkomba ecacile yokuqinisa ukugadwa nokuphepha kwe-biosecurity kuyo yonke indawo.
Yiziphi izinguquko futhi zisebenza kuphi?
I-oda, elicupha futhi liqinise lokho okunikezwayo ku- Oda i-APA/2442/2006, wenqabela ukugcina izinkukhu, amaturkey, amadada noma amahansi ngaphandle ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezisohlwini engozini noma ngaphansi kokugadwa okukhethekile kufakwe ezijobelelweni zayo, nasemapulazini ka izikhukhukazi ezizalelayoLapho ukuvala umlomo kungenzeki, isiphathimandla esinamandla singagunyaza ezinye izindlela njengokuthi izindwangu zezinyoni noma izindawo ezivalekile ezivimbela ukungena kwezilwane zasendle, inqobo nje uma ukudla namanzi kunikezwa endlini.
UNgqongqoshe ukhomba a ukuthambekela kokubi ngenxa yokwanda kwakamuva kwamacala amahle ezinyoni zasendle nezifuywayo eYurophu nasesifundeni sethu. Amamephu engcuphe akhombisa amathuba aphezulu okusakazwa kwegciwane egazini izindawo eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga ne-central peninsulanakuba ukugadwa kuzonwetshwa ezweni lonke.
Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibaliwe, imiphakathi izodinga qinisa izinyathelo zokugada kanye ne-biosecurity emapulazini nasezikhungweni zezilwane. Ezindaweni lapho ukuzalela ngaphandle kuvame khona, njengezinye izingxenye zeNyakatho Afrika neNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, kunemingcele Zizosebenza kuphela uma zifakiwe. ezijobelelweni zobungozi, njengoba kunqunywa ukuphathwa ngakunye.
Isilinganiso siyavimbela futhi samukelwa ngaphansi kwe isimiso sokuzivikela Uma kubhekwa ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa kanye nokuhamba phambili kokufuduka kwasekwindla, izici ezikhuthaza ukusabalala kwegciwane phakathi kwezinyoni.
Izibalo kanye nokuvela kwezifo
Phakathi kukaJulayi 1 noNovemba 5, amacala alandelayo aqoshwa e-EU: 139 ukuqubuka kweHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) ezinkukhu, ngaphezu kwalokho 708 ezinyonini zasendle y 33 ezinyonini ezithunjiweyo, ngokohlelo lwe-European surveillance system (ADIS). Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, ISpain ibika ukuqubuka kwezifo eziyi-14 emapulazinieduze kwe 68 ukutholwa ezinyonini zasendle ngesizini ka-2025-2026 futhi 5 kwabathunjwa.
Ngamazwe, Alemania Kugxilwe ku-corral (59), kulandele I-Poland (17), I-Italy (16), I-Spain (14) y I-France (i-10)Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari, ibhalansi kazwelonke ikhuphuke yaba 91 ukuqubuka kwezinyoni72 endle, 14 epulazini futhi 5 ekuthunjweni, nge Imiphakathi engu-13 ezimele ethintekile.
Izinsizakalo zezilwane zixwayisa ngokuthi igciwane lizosakaza kulokhu kuwa. Ithuthukilengokutholwa kwehlobo okungajwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yezilwane abavela ku-CISA-INIA (CSIC) baveza ukuthi, ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwemibili ngaphandle kwamacala amahle ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, «Kusukela ngoJulayi, ukuqubuka kwe-14 sekuqinisekisiwe. emapulazini,” okudinga ukuvinjelwa okuqinile.
Emhlabeni jikelele, igagasi lamanje le-H5N1 ligcina ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo kwezilwane zasendle kanye nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, okuchazwa ochwepheshe abathile ngokuthi i-panzootia ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye nenani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezihilelekile.
Izinyathelo ezengeziwe kanye nemikhawulo
Kanye nokuvalwa, i-MAPA iyakwenqabela ukukhulisa amadada namahansi eceleni kwezinye izinhlobo amapulazi ezindaweni ezithintekile futhi unikeze amanzi kusuka amadamu okufinyeleleka kuwo izinyoni zasendleIzinsiza zenhlalakahle yezilwane zangaphandle kufanele vikela ekungeneni.
Iphinde ibekelwe imingcele ubukhona bezinkukhu nezinye izithunjwa ezikhungweni zokugxilisa ingqondo (imibukiso yemfuyo, imibukiso, imibukiso noma imigubho yangaphandle), ngaphandle uma isiphathimandla sesifunda sikhipha a ukuhlolwa kwengozi okuhleUkusetshenziswa kwezinyoni ze-oda nakho kunqunyelwe Ama-Anseriformes y I-Charadriiformes njengesiheha.
Lapho okuhlukile kugunyaziwe ngenxa yemibandela yokukhiqiza, kufanele kufakwe amanetha noma izithiyo ezivimbela ukungena kwezinyoni zasendle futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ukudla namanzi Zinikezwa ngaphakathi endlini noma ezindaweni ezimboziwe.
Lezi zenzo zifana nalezo ezenziwa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu -I-Ireland, iFrance ne-United Kingdom- ngenxa yokufika kwezinyoni ezifudukayo zasebusika kanye nokwanda kwemibiko.
Ubungozi kubantu nokuvikeleka kokudla
El I-ECDC futhi i I-CCAES gcina i Ingozi ephansi kakhulu kubantu jikelele futhi okuphansi/okumaphakathi kubantu abanokuchayeka njalo (abasebenzi benkukhu, amathimba okukhucululwa kwendle). Ukusetshenziswa kwe I-PPE kanye nokugonyelwa umkhuhlane wesizini kubasebenzi abaveziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ama-coinfections.
Abukho ubufakazi bokudluliselwa nge izinkukhu eziphekwe kahle, amaqanda noma imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe. Ezinyonini, ukutheleleka nge-H5N1 ebangela izifo kakhulu kuvela incubation izinsuku 3-5ukucindezeleka, i-anorexia, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, i-edema ebusweni kanye ukufa okungazelelweNgakho-ke, kugcizelelwa ekuqiniseni i-biosecurity.
Kukhona imithi yokugoma izilwane lokho yehlisa ukuqina lesi sifo, nakuba zingavimbeli ngokuphelele ukujikeleza kwegciwane; okuhlangenwe nakho okunjengomkhankaso wamadada eFrance kwabonisa imiphumela emihleNgokwezomnotho, ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo ezizalela kuzo kubandakanye ukuhlatshwa kwezinyoni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili kuze kube manje kulo nyaka.
Izici ezinjenge ukuqiniswa kwezolimo nemfuyo kanye nokuwohloka kwezindawo zemvelo kungenza kube lula ukweqa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kulondoloze ukujikeleza kwegciwane, yingakho kugcizelelwa vimbela othintana nabo ku-interface yezilwane zasendle nemfuyo.
Umongo waseYurophu kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
ISpain ihambisana nemithetho imiyalo yokuvalelwa asevele esebenza emazweni angomakhelwane futhi ucela imiphakathi ukuthi qinisa ukugada ekwindla nasebusika. UMnyango ugcizelela ukuthi imikhawulo i okwesikhashana kanye nokuvimbela, futhi ingase ilungiswe ngokuya ngokuvela kwe-epidemiological kanye namamephu wengozi wesifunda.
Ezindaweni ezingafakwanga ezithasiselweni, sicela uhlale uqaphile futhi ubike noma yiziphi izigameko. okutholakele kwezinyoni zasendle ezigulayo noma ezifile kanye nokuqalisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokuhlanza, ukulawula ukufinyelela kanye nokuvikela ukudla namanzi ebhekene nezilwane zasendle.
- Amapulazi nezindawo zokuhlala: hlola uthango, ufake amanetha futhi uvimbele izinyoni zasendle ukuthi zingangeni.
- Amanzi nokudla: hlinzeka ngaphakathi endlini noma ngaphansi kwekhava; vikela amathangi angaphandle.
- Ukunyakaza kanye nemibukisoXhumana nesiphathimandla esinegunya ngaphambi kwemibuthano noma ukudluliselwa.
Ukuvinjelwa kokuzalela ngaphandle ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu, kuhlanganiswe nemikhawulo yamanzi, imibukiso kanye nokuhlalisana kwezinhlobo zezilwaneIhlose ukugqashula amaketango okudluliselana ezingeni eliphakeme lokusabalala kwegciwane; ngokugada okuqinisiwe kanye i-biosecurity eqinileUmkhakha wezinkukhu kanye neziphathimandla ziyazethemba ukuthi zingakunqanda ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kokudla.