ISpain izovula ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi kwe 325 million euro ukubeka amasathelayithi amathathu okubuka ku-orbit ngenhloso yokulindela nokuphatha izinhlekelele zemvelo -izikhukhula, ama-DANA, noma ukusha kwehlathi- kuyo yonke indawo. Ngaphakathi kohlaka Lwesengezo se-DANA Ohlelweni Lokubuyisela, ukuthunyelwa kuzohlinzeka eduze nedatha yesikhathi sangempela lokho kuzovumela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo okuthuthukisiwe ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Ukuphatha kuzoba umsebenzi we-Spanish Space Agency ngokusekelwa yi-ESA, futhi ukubulawa kuzodidiyelwa yiGeneral State Administration, ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wezesayensi, Ukuqamba Okusha kanye namaNyuvesi. Kuhlanganiswe ne-ESCA+ Atlantic Constellation, uhlelo luzohlinzeka ukulungiswa okuphezulu kanye nemvamisa yokuvakashela kabusha okuphezulu phezu kweSpain nePortugal, okuhambisana namakhono akhona anjengoCopernicus.
Yini exhasa ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi ingena ngaphansi kwaluphi uhlaka?
I-European Commission igunyaze i- Septemba 19 i-DANA Addendum, edala ingxenye yama-32 yoHlelo Lokubuyisela, olubizwa ngokuthi "Ukwesekwa Kokubuyisela Nokuqina Ekubhekaneni Nezinhlekelele Zemvelo." Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuphromothwa ngaphakathi kwale phakheji. Izigidi ezingu-325 ukuqinisa ukuvimbela kanye nokusabela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Izimali ziqondiswe ezinkampanini ezisemkhathini, ezizophinde zibe nenkontileka encane namanyuvesi, izinhlangano zocwaningo kanye nezikhungo zobuchwepheshe, zihlanganise imali engaguquki, yabantu neyemveloUmgomo wokusebenza uwukufinyelela ngokushesha ulwazi olubalulekile, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Imigomo eshiwo ihlanganisa ukwandisa umlaza we-ESCA ngamasathelayithi amasha ahambisanayo, ahlanganisa i- umjikelezo wempilo egcwele yohlelo, ikhuthaze ubuchwepheshe bukazwelonke ezinkundleni, imithwalo ekhokhelwayo kanye nengxenye yaphansi, futhi iqinise ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwephrojekthi ngokuhlanganisa amakhono amazwe abambisene nawo.
Izici nobuchwepheshe bamasathelayithi amasha
Amadivayisi amathathu azoba nosayizi omaphakathi, ebangeni le 200-250 kg, futhi izolungiselelwa ukuhlanganisa ukukhokhelwa okuhlukahlukene: ikhamera ye-optical resolution ephezulu kakhulu (VHR), ikhamera ye-infrared eshisayo (TIR), i-synthetic aperture radar (SAR) nezinzwa ze-electromagnetic field (ELIN).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlongozwa imibukiso yezobuchwepheshe engenzeka njenge izixhumanisi ze-intersatellite, ukuxhumana kwe-quantum (QKD) kanye nezindlela zokuphela kwempilo zokuhlehlisa, eziqondaniswe nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokusimama kwe-obhithi.
Inhloso izofaka isandla eqoqweni lohlelo ESA ERS futhi izohlanganiswa ohlelweni lwe-EOGS (Earth Observation Governmental System) lweKhomishini YaseYurophu, ukuqinisa ukusebenzisana kanye nokufinyelela okuvikelekile kudatha ezosetshenziswa uhulumeni.
I-ESCA+ ukuvela kwe-ESCA ngaphakathi kwe I-Atlantic Constellation, umzamo wokubuka umhlaba weSpanishi nesiPutukezi onokuvama kokuphinda uvakashele kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Imodeli yeqoqo ibona ngeso lengqondo izwe ngalinye linikela ngesathelayithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu futhi labelane ngedatha, likhulise ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda kazwelonke—ingxenye ephansi, ukucubungula, kanye ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo-. Lawa masathelayithi amathathu amakhulu azokwengezwa ekwakhiweni kwesathelayithi encane ehleliwe.
Ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kanye nezinzuzo
Ezimeni eziphuthumayo kanye nokuvikelwa komphakathi, idatha izovumela ukuqoshwa kwemephu okusheshayo imililo, izikhukhula noma ukuchitheka, iqaphe ukuvela kwemicimbi, futhi ibeke phambili izinsiza. Ukufinyelela kwesikhathi esiseduze kuzosiza izexwayiso ezinembe kakhulu kanye nempendulo edidiyelwe phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuphatha.
Kwezolimo kanye noguquko lwezemvelo, umlaza uzosebenza qapha izitshalo ngaphansi kokusekelwa kweCAP, ukuqapha isomiso kanye nokucindezeleka kwamanzi, futhi ukusekela ukulawulwa kwamanzi esimeme kanye nomhlabathi, nochungechunge lwesikhathi oluwusizo ekuhleleni.
Izophinde ibe nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zezemvelo nezokuphepha, ezinikezelayo izinkomba zendawo ukuqapha umhlaba, ukuhlolwa komthelela, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinsiza zomphakathi ezincike ekubhekweni komhlaba.
Umthelela wezomnotho nendawo e-Spain
Ukuthunyelwa kuzoba nomthelela olinganiselwe we ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane zama-euro ezinkontilekeni phakathi kuka-2026 no-2027, ukuhlanganisa inqwaba yama-SME nezikhungo zobuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezifana nogesi wasemkhathini, ukulayisha okukhokhelwayo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nezokuxhumana.
Umthelela uzoba ngqo emiphakathini efana Andalusia, Madrid, Galicia, Catalonia, Basque Country, Valencian Community noma i-Castile ne-León, iqinisa amaketanga kazwelonke wokuhlinzeka kanye nokuqashwa kwabantu abanamakhono.
I-Spain, ngokungafani ne-France (Pléiades), i-Italy (i-COSMO-SkyMed) noma i-Germany (TerraSAR-X), ayizange ibe nomlaza kazwelonke we-multi-satellite osebenzayo wamafrikhwensi aphezulu nokulungiswa. I-ESCA+ ifika vala leso sikhala ngendlela ephumelelayo nesebenzisanayo eqondiswe ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi.
Ukubusa kuzoba sezandleni ze I-Spanish Space Agency ngosekelo oluvela ku-ESA kanye nokuxhumana okuyisisekelo okuvela ku-MICIU, ohlelweni olufuna ukukhulisa izinzuzo zezimboni nezesayensi kanye nokuqinisekisa amakhono ayo esu.
Ngenhlanganisela ye 325 million utshalomaliNgamasathelayithi amasha amathathu kanye nesakhiwo sokubambisana saseYurophu, iSpain iqinisa ukukhuthazela kwayo ezinhlekeleleni, yenza imboni yayo yasemkhathini ibe yesimanje, futhi ithola ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze ivikele izakhamuzi nendawo.
