Kunezindawo eCatalonia, ngaphandle kokwenza umsindo, ezithola indawo enkumbulweni yomhambi. Enye yazo yileso Idolobha laseCatalan lihawukelwa ngabanye abaningiInezigungu ezimbili ezinkulu, umfula odlula endaweni yawo yasemadolobheni, kanye nesikhathi esidlule esinobudlova njengoba sithakazelisa. Izungezwe yizindawo zasemandulo ezinamakhadi ezithombe, izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo emahlathini nasemaceleni kwemifula, izimpophoma ezifihliwe, kanye namadolobha ahlanganisa ifa lenkolo, umlando wezimboni, kanye nezindawo ezinhle zomfula.
Kuwo wonke lohambo uzothola ILleida, idolobha laseCatalan elinamasonto amabili kanye noMfula iSegreKodwa futhi nezinye izinto eziyigugu eziseduze: idolobha laseVic lasendulo, iManresa enhle enesonto layo elikhulu lamaGothic eliphezu koMfula iCardener, ubuhle beBesalú, kanye nezindawo ezingaziwa kangako njengeSant Quirze de Besora noma impophoma emangalisayo yaseSalt del Mir. Uhambo olunakho konke: Amasonto amakhulu, izindlela zaseceleni kolwandle, izinqaba zaseTemplar, izindawo zokuhlala ezifihliwe, kanye nemizana egcwele umlando.
ILleida, idolobha laseCatalan eliphakathi kwamasonto amabili nomfula
Ambalwa amadolobha angaqhosha ngento ehlukile njengoLleida: Yidolobha laseCatalan kuphela elinamasonto amabiliOkudala nokusha, kokubili kuhlobene kakhulu nomzila woMfula iSegre. Lo mfula usebenza njengomgogodla wedolobha, iphaphu eliluhlaza langempela elinikeza imibono emihle yesibhakabhaka saseLleida, esibuswa umbhoshongo wensimbi onamandla waseSeu Vella, obonakala njengesibani sangaphakathi sezwe kusuka emakhilomitha amaningi nxazonke.
UMfula iSegre, osendleleni eya ezimangalisweni zemvelo ezifana ne- ICongost de Mont-rebeiIgeleza ngokuthula enhloko-dolobha, ivumela ukuhambahamba kancane epaki layo eliseceleni komfula. Ezindleleni zayo, umuntu angathola enye yezindawo amakhadi eposi amahle kakhulu emadolobheni aseCatalan: igquma eliqoshwe yiCathedral Endala kanye nenqaba yasendulo, amabhuloho awela umfula kanye nedolobha elidlula nhlangothi zombili zomfula.
I-La Seu Vella: isonto elikhulu, inqaba kanye nombono
Eyokuqala kwezintathu ezimbili yi- Seu Vella, i-Old Cathedral yaseLleidaIthempeli elimangalisayo lamaRoma-Gothic eliqonge egqumeni elibheke ithafa. Indawo yalo ayiyona ingozi: igquma, elixhumene kahle futhi elibonakala kakhulu, lalihlala lihlalwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo kwecebo kanye nokusondela kwalo eMfuleni iSegre.
Yakhiwe phakathi kwekhulu le-13 nele-15 esikhungweni sasendulo Isonto elikhulu lamaVisigoth elaguqulwa laba yi-mosqueI-Seu Vella ihlanganisa i-Romanesque yasendulo nethonya lasendulo lamaGothic. Uhlelo lwayo lwephansi lufana nesiphambano sesiLatini, kanye ama-nave amathathu ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbozwe yizingodo ezinezintiokuholela endaweni ebanzi enomphetho wedome eliyi-octagonal eligcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi ngokukhanya. I-apse yakhiwe ngama-apse amahlanu avala ngokuphelele iqembu.
Ngaphakathi, okulandelayo kuyagqama: izihloko zamakholomu, ezihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yezitshalo, yejiyometri kanye neyezilwanekanye nezigcawu eziphefumulelwe yizinganekwane zakudala kanye nezingxenye zeBhayibheli. Liyisonto elikhulu elikhanyayo ngokumangalisayo: izindonga zibhobozwe ngezikhala futhi zivuleka amafasitela amathathu amakhulu e-rose, eyodwa ngemuva kwe-naves kanye nezimbili endaweni yokuwela, ezihlunga ukukhanya futhi zisakaze kulo lonke ithempeli.
Ama-facade abonisa ubuntu balokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Isikole saseLeredense"Isitayela sokuhlobisa esibonakala ngemidwebo yaso enezinto ezihlanganisiwe zejometri, ngokusobala sithonywe ubuciko bamaSulumane. Phansi kwe-naves kukhona i-cloister enhle kakhulu yeGothic kanye nombhoshongo omkhulu wensimbi, olunye lwezimpawu zikaLleida ezingaphikiswa.
I-cloister, eyakhiwe ngesikhathi samaGothic, ihlukaniswa ngesitayela sayo ama-arches acijile ane-tracery ethambile kanye nophahla lwayo olunezinsika. Ngokombono wendlu yokulala, kunombono omkhulu wedolobha, iSigodi saseSegre, namagquma aseduze—indawo evelele evumela ukukhuphuka. Umbhoshongo wensimbi wekhulu le-14, onepulani yawo yephansi eliyi-crème, uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili futhi ubonisa izitebhisi ezijikelezayo ezinhle kakhulu ezinezitebhisi ezingu-238Iphrofayili yayo eqinile ichaza ukuthi kungani le ndawo yasetshenziswa kabusha njengenkambu yezempi phakathi kwekhulu le-18 nele-20.
Umlando weSeu Vella awuzange ube nokuthula ngempela. Ngesikhathi Sesimanje, futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimpi nokuvinjezelwa, le ndawo yaguqulwa yaba amakamu okuhlushwa futhi kamuva ngisho nasekamu lokuhlushwa iziboshwa zamaRiphabhulikhi ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango. Izakhiwo eziningi zanyamalala, kodwa isonto eliyinhloko kanye nenqaba eseduze kwasinda. Ngo-1948, kwaqala ukulungiswa kancane kancane, okuqhubeka nokwembula imininingwane kanye namakhona obuhle bayo bangaphambili.
I-La Seu Nova: isonto le-baroque enkabeni yedolobha
Isonto lesibili laseLleida yi- I-Seu Nova noma i-New CathedralIsakhiwo seBaroque esinomumo we-Neoclassical, esakhiwe phakathi kuka-1761 no-1781, savela esidingweni sokubuyisela ukukhulekelwa kwesonto elikhulu enhliziyweni yedolobha, njengoba iSeu Vella, eyayinempi futhi yonakele, yayilahlekelwe umsebenzi wayo wenkolo. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaxhaswa ngeminikelo evela kubantu baseLleida ngokwabo, iNkosi uCharles III, kanye noMbhishobhi uJoaquín Sánchez.
Itholakala enkabeni yesifunda sezentengiselwano, maqondana neSibhedlela esidala saseSanta Maria, iSeu Nova inikeza i-facade enkulu enezitebhisi namasango amathathu ensimbi ayisiyingiizungezwe imibhoshongo eseceleni. Ngaphezulu komnyango ophakathi kumi uphawu lweNdlu yaseBourbon, olukhumbuza isimo sezombusazwe lapho ithempeli lakhiwa khona.
Ingaphakathi lihlelwe ngendlela ama-nave amathathu ahlukaniswe ngamakholomu amancane aseKorinteIsekelwe yizinsika ezinkulu eziyindilinga, isikhala sikhulu, silinganisiwe, futhi sinomoya ophansi, ngesitayela seBaroque esivinjelwe esithonywe kakhulu yizifundo zakudala zaseFrance. Eminye yemihlobiso ecebile yokuqala yesonto yalahleka, kufaka phakathi izindawo zokudlela ezinhle kakhulu zekwaya eziqoshwe nguLluís Bonifas Massó, ezabhujiswa ngo-1936 ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango yaseSpain.
Phakathi kwezithombe ezivelele kakhulu kukhona imithandazo eminingi kaMarian enezindaba ezimangalisayo. Enye yezithombe eziyingqayizivele kakhulu yile eyaziwa ngokuthi Intombi yaseChichón noma iNtombi yaseBlauKuyisithombe esiqoshiwe seGothic esinophawu olubomvu oluhlabayo ebunzini laso. Isiko elidumile lithi lokhu "kulimaza" kungenxa yokushaywa ngesando yinkosi yaso, egcwele intukuthelo nomona, lapho ibona ukuthi umfundi uqede ukudweba ngekhono elingaphezu kwakhe.
Isonto elikhulu liphinde libe nesithombe se- Intombi yaseMontserratUmsebenzi kaJosep Obiols uqinisa isibopho esingokomoya phakathi kukaLleida nendawo engcwele enkulu yaseCatalan. Unyaka wonke, ithempeli liba yindawo yemikhosi, imikhosi, kanye nemicimbi yenkolo ehlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi wendawo.
UMfula iSegre kanye nezindawo ezinkulu eziphawulekayo zaseLleida
Ngaphandle kwamasonto amabili ayo amakhulu, iLleida inikeza ifa elikhulu eliqondakala kangcono uma lihlolwa ngesivinini esikhulu. Ipaki Lomfula iSegre kanye namagquma alibumbayoUmfula ngokwawo, njengoba udlula enhloko-dolobha, uphefumula umoya futhi ugeleza ngokuthula, uhambisana namapaki, izindawo zemidlalo kanye nezindawo zokuhamba ezenza kube yindawo enkulu yokuzilibazisa yezakhamuzi nezivakashi.
Egqumeni laseSeu Vella, ngemuva nje kwesonto elikhulu, kumi amanxiwa enqaba yaseZuda noma i-castell del ReiInqaba yasendulo, eyakhiwa amaSulumane ngaphambi kuka-882, yasebenza njengesiphephelo seKhalifa lokugcina laseCórdoba, uHisham III, phakathi kuka-1031 no-1036, futhi kamuva njengendawo yokuhlala yama-Counts aseBarcelona lapho besedolobheni. Izakhiwo zayo zazihlelwe zizungeze igceke langaphakathi, zinombono ovundlile enyakatho kanye nesonto lasebukhosini ephikweni elisempumalanga. Ukuvinjezelwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo njengomagazini wesibhamu ekugcineni kwabhubhisa ingxenye enkulu yesakhiwo, yingakho namuhla kuphela i-façade eseningizimu, ehlanganiswe nemibhoshongo, esele.
Edolobheni elingezansi, maqondana neNew Cathedral, kumi Isibhedlela saseSaint Mary'sIsakhiwo samaGothic sekhulu le-15 esinegceke elingaphakathi elihle kakhulu elinomthombo obizwa ngokuthi uMthombo wamaDwarf. Indlu encane enezitezi ezimbili inama-arches acijile esitezi esiphezulu kanye nezitebhisi ezimangalisayo zamaGothic, ingxenye ende kunazo zonke edlula ngaphakathi kodonga. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukubhidlizwa kwayo kwacatshangwa ngoba "kwavimbela" umbono wesonto elikhulu laseSeu Nova, kodwa ekugcineni yasindiswa ngenxa yenani layo elikhulu lobuciko futhi yaba yindlunkulu ye-Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs (Institute of Lleida Studies).
Ifa lenkolo liqedwa ngamathempeli anjenge- Isonto laseSan Martín, eyasungulwa ngekhulu le-12 futhi yaguqulwa yaba yijele likamasipala ngekhulu le-19 ngaphambi kokuba ibe yindlunkulu yeMyuziyamu yeDiocesan, noma isonto lesan juan, kusukela ngekhulu le-19, yakhiwe ngesitayela se-Neo-Gothic. Ngasentshonalanga yedolobha, kunegquma lesibili eline- Inqaba yeTemplar yaseGardenyYakhiwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-12 yiKnights Templar, isikhundla sayo sokubusa senza kwaba yindawo ebalulekile yokulawula lesi sifunda.
Izakhiwo zezakhiwo nazo zinezibonelo ezimangalisayo. UMkhandlu Wedolobha LaseLleidaIvela enkathini yasendulo (ngekhulu le-13), iyisakhiwo esiqinile, esinezitezi ezintathu samaRoma esinomnyango ogobile ohlotshiswe ngezingubo zezikhali—kufaka phakathi iRoyal Senyera—izikhala ezincane zokuzivikela esitezi esiphansi, uchungechunge lwama-arch esitezi sesibili, kanye ne-balcony enezinsika kwesesithathu. Ekhulwini lama-21, isici esiphawuleka kakhulu... I-Lleida ExchangeImakethe yezithelo nemifino yangaphambili, manje eseyisikhungo semihlangano, iyamangaza ngamaphaneli ayo amakhulu engilazi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathayela e-ocher. Uphahla lwayo lusebenza njengendawo yokubuka ebheke idolobha, ibhuloho elihlala ngekhebula laseJavier Manterola, kanye nomfanekiso wesonto elikhulu laseSeu Vella ngemuva.
Ukuze uthole umoya omusha endaweni yasemadolobheni, idolobha linikeza izindawo eziluhlaza njenge- Ipaki laseMitjanaNgasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, ngokulandela indlela yeSegre, enamachibi, amahlathi aseceleni komfula kanye nemizila, noma Ipaki laseChamps-ÉlyséesYadalwa ngo-1864 ngomklamo wepaki laseFrance, itholakala endaweni yaseCappont futhi igcwele izindlela zokuhamba ezimbozwe izihlahla namakhona athule.
Umlando onesizungu osebeni lweSegre
Indawo kaLleida e- ukuwela uMfula iSegre ngendlela ehlelekile Lokhu kube yinzuzo enkulu kakhulu kanye nesiqalekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuya ekhulwini lama-20, idolobha liye labhekana nokuhlaselwa, ukuvinjezelwa, izimpi zombango, kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, kodwa futhi liye lakhanya njengesikhungo esihamba phambili samasiko neyunivesithi eCrown of Aragon.
Izakhamuzi zokuqala ezaziwayo kwakuyi- Ama-Ilergetes, abantu base-Iberia, bahlala kule ndawo kusukela ngekhulu lesi-6 BC.owanikeza idolobha igama elithi Iltirta. Abangane bamaCarthage ngokumelene neRoma, bagcina benqotshiwe futhi bamukelwa njengamaRoma ngekhulu lesi-2 BC. Cishe ngo-49 BC, amabutho kaJulius Caesar noPompey the Great alwa phambi kwezindonga zawo ngesikhathi sempi yombango yamaRoma. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elisetshenziswa phezulu lashintsha laba ULlerda, kakade kwase kuphele isikhathi samaRoma namaVisigoth.
Ngo-375 umuzi wawela kumaVisigoth, kwathi ngo-717 waba yizwe elihlukile. IMadina Larida, idolobha lamaSulumaneAmaSulumane ayilawula amakhulu eminyaka, ngokushintsha kobukhosi kanye nezingxabano zangaphakathi, kwaze kwaba yilapho iphangwa futhi yathathwa okwesikhashana ngo-801 yibutho lamaFrank likaLouis the Pious. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka alandela, izizukulwane ezahlukene zabusa idolobha egameni le-Emir yaseCórdoba, kwathi ngo-1031 uHisham III, uKhalifa wokugcina waseCórdoba, wafela lapho, ephephele enqabeni yakhe eLleida.
Ngekhulu le-11, iTaifa yaseLleida yayihileleke ezimpini ngokumelene nezifunda zaseCatalan, futhi ekugcineni ama-Almoravid ayithumba ngo-1102, ayisebenzisa njengesisekelo sokuhlasela. I-Christian Reconquista yafika ngo-1149, lapho U-Ramon Berenguer IV, u-Count of Barcelona, no-Ermengol VI, u-Count of Urgell, bathole leli dolobha. futhi bayinikeza isivumelwano sokwakha. Ngo-1204 kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwesonto elikhulu elisha—iSeu Vella yesikhathi esizayo—, kanti iNkosi uJames I yanikeza uhulumeni kamasipala ngo-1264 kwathi uJames II wasungula i-Estudi General de Lleida ngo-1297, ngenxa yesimemezelo sikapapa, okwadala inyuvesi endala kunazo zonke eCrown of Aragon.
Ukubaluleka kweqhinga lokuwela iSegre kwenza uLleida umgomo wezempi ophindaphindayo ezimpini zeNkathi YanamuhlaPhakathi kuka-1642 no-1647, idolobha labhekana nokuvinjezelwa okuhlanu, lapho ukulawulwa kushintshana phakathi kwebutho lasebukhosini namabutho aseFranco-Catalan. Umonakalo wawumkhulu kangangokuthi kwasala izindlu ezingamakhulu amathathu kuphela. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yokulandelana KwaseSpain, ngo-1705, iqembu lamaCatalan elithembekile ku-Archduke Charles lavukela uPhilip V; eminyakeni emibili kamuva, amabutho aseBourbon ahlasela idolobha ngonya, ngokubulawa kwabantu abavamile kanye nokubhujiswa okukhulu.
Umlando wesikhathi sempi awuzange uphele lapho. Empini Yokuzimela, uLleida waba indlunkulu ebalulekile yamasosha kaNapoleonKamuva, umbuso waseSpain wasebenzisa izinqaba zawo ngesikhathi seziMpi ZakwaCarlist. Ekhulwini lama-20, ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango yaseSpain, idolobha lahlupheka. ukuqhuma kwamabhomu okunonya yibutho lomoya likaFranco ngoNovemba 1937okwakuhlose abantu abavamile. Amanxeba amaningi alezi zigameko asakhunjulwa enkumbulweni yabantu bonke nakwamanye amakhona edolobheni elidala.
UVic: idolobha lama-episcopal, inkungu engenalutho nehlala njalo
Akukude neBarcelona Vic, inhloko-dolobha yesifunda sase-OsonaI-Vic, elinye idolobha elinesiko eliqinile lobubhishobhi kanye nesikhungo somlando esigcina elinye lamaqoqo akhangayo kakhulu e-medieval eCatalonia. Itholakala enkabeni ye-Vic Plain, endaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha angu-484, ihlanganisa umlando, impilo yaseyunivesithi, imboni yokudla kwezolimo, kanye nekhalenda eliqhakazile lemibukiso nezimakethe.
Idolobha lasendulo lase-Ausa, isikhungo sesizwe sama-Iberia sama-Ausetani, lase likhona kakade ngekhulu lesi-4 BC futhi laba Umasipala waseRoma onethempeli lawo endaweni ephakeme kakhuluNgezikhathi zamaVisigoth kwakuyisifunda sama-episcopal, kodwa ukuhlasela kweSaracen kanye nokuvukela kwe-Aisó ngo-826 kwabhubhisa idolobha. Izindonga zethempeli lamaRoma kuphela ezasala zimile, zasetshenziswa kabusha njengengxenye yenqaba. Ngokuphinde kwahlala abantu eVic Plain kanye nokudalwa kweSifunda sase-Osona nguWilfred the Hairy ngo-878, idolobha lakhiwa kabusha ngaphansi kwegama elithi Vicus Ausonae, lapho igama lamanje elithi Vic livela khona.
Ngokubuyiselwa kobubhishobhi, bheka Isonto elikhulu lamaRoma lagcotshwa ngo-1038 nguMbhishobhi Olibalapho i-crypt kanye nombhoshongo wensimbi kusalondolozwa nanamuhla. Ngezikhathi zobukhosi, idolobha lahlukaniswa laba yizifunda ezimbili: elilodwa ngaphansi kombhishobhi kanti elinye ngaphansi kwamakhosi enqaba, umndeni wakwaMontcada, kwaze kwaba yilapho u-Alfonso uMagnanimous ehlanganisa zombili izingxenye ngo-1450. Udonga lwekhulu le-14, olunemibhoshongo, lwaluzungeze idolobha elakhula lazungeza isonto elikhulu, inqaba, kanye nemakethe yaseMercadal.
UVic wadlula enkingeni ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, ephawulwe yi izingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu afana noNyerros noCadells kanye nezimpi ngokumelene neFrance. Ikhulu le-18, naphezu kokushaywa okukhulu kokunqotshwa kwe-Austria ngo-1714, laletha ukululama kwezomnotho kanye nokwabantu, ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziningi zenkolo nezomphakathi kanye nesonto elikhulu lamanje. Ngekhulu le-19, idolobha labhekana nemiphumela yeMpi Yokuzimela kanye neziMpi ZaseCarlist, kanye nokuthuthwa kweminye yezimboni zalo esigodini soMfula iTer, kodwa laphinde lalulama ngenxa yokufika kwesitimela ngo-1875 kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamasiko okunamandla okuxhumene neSeminary kanye nabantu abanjengoBalmes, uVerdaguer, noClaret.
Kakade ngekhulu lama-20 nelama-21, uVic wayeyindawo yeziqephu ezingafani njengalezi ukuqhuma kwamabhomu ngesikhathi seMpi YombangoUkuhlaselwa kwe-ETA ngo-1991 ngokumelene ne-Civil Guard kanye nokukhula okuqinile komnotho kanye neyunivesithi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Namuhla yaziwa futhi ngenyama yayo ephilisiwe—ikakhulukazi i-llonganissa kanye ne-fuet—kanye nemicimbi efana ne- Imakethe Yomculo Obukhoma kanye nenethiwekhi yemigwaqo yabahamba ngezinyawo egcwele amabha, izitolo, ama-workshop kanye nezinhlangano.
I-Besalú: idolobha elikhangayo ngaphandle kokudinga iziqu
Uma kukhona idolobha elilodwa elincintisana ngesihloko esithi "omuhle kakhulu eCatalonia" emcabangweni odumileYilokho iBesalú. Akukho sikhundla esisemthethweni esidingekayo: mane uwele ibhuloho layo elidumile lasendulo, ungene ngesango eliqinile, bese uvumela ukuthi uthathwe yimigwaqo enamatshe ukuze kube uthando lapho uyibona okokuqala. Ubuhle bayo bunamandla kangangokuthi abaningi bayakhohlwa ukukhipha amakhamera abo ekuqaleni, bekhangwe yileyo nhlanganisela yetshe legolide, imicabango emfuleni, kanye nokuthula kwedolobhana eliphilayo lasendulo.
Okwenza iBesalú ibe ekhethekile akuzona izinombolo noma ubukhulu bodonga lwayo, kodwa indlela ukwakheka kwayo kwangesikhathi esiphakathi okuhlala cishe kuphelele ngayoIzikwele, izindlu zamatshe, izinsalela zendawo yamaJuda, amasonto amaRoma, kanye nebhuloho, kwakha iqembu elikhangayo, kokubili emini nasebusuku, elikhanyiswa kancane phezu komfula iFluvià. Akumangalisi ukuthi izivakashi eziningi, ngemva kokuyibona okokuqala, ziyibeka ngokuzenzekelayo phakathi kwamadolobhana eziwathandayo.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo phakathi kwamahlathi, imifula kanye nama-hermitages: i-Sant Quirze de Besora kanye ne-Salt del Mir
Ngale kwamadolobha nezikhumbuzo ezinkulu, ingaphakathi leCatalonia liyafihla Imizila yokuhamba ngezinyawo engagcwele ehlanganisa imvelo kanye nefa elincane lasemakhayaIsibonelo esihle yindlela eholela eChapel of Montserrat eSant Quirze de Besora, esifundazweni saseBarcelona, futhi engahlanganiswa nokuvakashela iSalt del Mir, impophoma emangalisayo eseduze kakhulu nemoto.
I-Sant Quirze de Besora, idolobha elixhunywe ngokomlando Umfula iTer kanye nemboni yezindwangu —Ngezimboni ezifana neCan Guixà—, igcina ibhuloho elihle lasendulo eliye laxhumanisa amabhange amabili edolobha iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomfula, izindawo zokuhamba njengelo eliseMunicipal Park noma eVerneda zisiza ukuqonda izinga amanzi alibumbe ngalo impilo yedolobha.
Kusukela kulezi zindawo eziseduze nemifula umzila uqala ukuya e- I-Montserrat Chapel yaseSant Quirze de BesoraIndawo encane eyakhiwe ngenxa yemizamo yabantu bendawo kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela. Indlela, elula futhi efanele iningi, inqamula indawo emangalisayo ihlathi loqalo Ngaphambi kokufika kule ndawo efihliwe, ehlotshiswe ngemininingwane eyenziwe ngezandla, izithombe zokhuni, nezindlu zezinyoni ezisakazeke kulo lonke izwe. Indawo eyimfihlo nethule ikumema ukuthi uhlale isikhashana, uphefumule kakhulu, futhi ujabulele imisindo yamanzi nehlathi.
Kulabo abafuna ukwandisa isikhathi sabo sokuphumula, Impophoma yaseSalt del Mir iqhele ngemizuzu eyi-15 ngemoto.Ingafinyeleleka ngezinyawo usuka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Indlela eyinhloko ingamakhilomitha amathathu ukuya ngakunye (cishe ayisithupha esewonke), inobunzima obuncane kanye nokuphakama okulawulekayo, okwenza ifaneleke ngisho nasemindenini enezingane ezijwayele ukuhamba kancane.
Umvuzo uwuchungechunge lwabantu abacishe babe Ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-35, okubukeka kumangalisa kakhulu ngemva kweziqephu zemvulaAmanzi ageleza ngamandla phezu kwe-limestone, eveza izinsalela ze-lime kanye nezimo ezimangalisayo eziqoshwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Emfuleni, umuntu angabona "izinkomishi" ezivamile, izimbobo ezincane ezicwebezelisiwe ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwamatshe athwalwa ngamanzi. Lesi senzakalo sinikeza umbukwane we-geological nowe-scenic ophetha kahle usuku oluhlanganisa ukuhamba ngezinyawo okuthambile, ifa lasemakhaya, kanye nezindawo ezingenabantu abaningi.
I-Manresa: idolobha laseGothic nelingokomoya eMfuleni iCardener
Esinye isikhungo esibalulekile sokuma kulo mfanekiso wamadolobha aseCatalan phakathi kwama-cathedral nemifula yilesi IManresa, inhloko-dolobha yesifunda saseBagesIvame ukufihlwa ukusondela kweBarcelona nezinye izindawo ezinolwazi kakhulu ngabezindaba, noma kunjalo iyidolobha elifanele labo abafuna ifa elithakazelisayo elingenazo izixuku, izindawo ezizungezile ezinokunambitheka komlando kanye nendawo yemvelo egcwele imisebenzi.
Isithonjana esikhulu seManresa yi I-Basilica yaseSanta María de la Aurora, eyaziwa ngokuthi iLa SeuIsithunzi salo sibonakala edolobheni kusukela endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu koMfula iCardener. Ngaso leso sigaba kunePont Vell, noma i-Old Bridge, ebhekwa njengenye yezindala kakhulu eCatalonia, edala isithombe sekhadi leposi elinesonto elikhulu eliphakama ngaphezu komfula. I-nave ephakathi yeCathedral iyamangalisa ngobukhulu bayo: iyi- isikebhe sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke saseGothic eYurophu, idlulwa kuphela ngeleGirona Cathedral, elihumusha libe ingaphakathi elicacile nelihle kakhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo seCathedral, okulandelayo kufanele kukhulunywe ngokukhethekile: Isi-Espai OlibaLe ndawo ithatha indawo yokugcina isonto yamaRoma, eyandulela ukwakhiwa kwesonto lamaGothic lamanje. Njengoba itholakala endaweni yokugcina isonto, inikeza ukuqonda okungcono kokuvela komlando kwendawo yokukhulekela, kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo kwamaRoma kuya ekuguqulweni kwayo ibe yisonto elikhulu lamaGothic.
Uphawu lwesithathu olukhulu lomuzi yi- Indawo Engcwele Yomhume KaSanta IgnatiusIndawo yokuhambela ehlobene nomfanekiso kaSanta Ignatius waseLoyola. Ngemva kokuhambela kwakhe eMontserrat, umsunguli weNhlangano kaJesu wachitha cishe unyaka ehlala futhi ezila ukudla kulo mhume, lapho athuthukisa khona ingxenye yokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okungokomoya. Namuhla, indawo engcwele ifaka i-portico ekhangayo yeBaroque namafasitela engilazi anemibala evestibule aholela esontweni eliqoshwe edwaleni, okudala umzila ocebile ngezimpawu.
Ukuze uzicwilise eManresa yasendulo, akukho okufana nokulahleka e- Isitaladi saseBalçUmgwaqo omncane, ocishe umbozwe ngokuphelele, onezingodo zokhuni nezindlu zamatshe ezihambisanayo, okudala izindlela ezimangalisayo namakhona afihliwe. Ungenye yezindawo ezithwebula izithombe kakhulu edolobheni futhi uwubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi indwangu yasemadolobheni yayihlelwe kanjani eNkathini Ephakathi. Ukusuka lapho, uhambo lungaqhubeka luye ePlaça Major, lapho ihholo ledolobha likhona, isakhiwo se-neoclassical esinama-arcade amahle ayisikhungo sempilo yansuku zonke.
Idolobha liphinde libe nesenzakalo esithakazelisayo ifa lesimanje eliqhutshwa osomabhizinisi bezindwangu esigcawini saseSant Domènec kanye nasePere III promenade. Izakhiwo ezifana neCasino, iCasa Lluvià, iKursaal Theatre noma indlu enkulu yaseTorrens —eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “iLa Buresa”—esigcawini saseFius i Palà, zifakazela leso sikhathi sobuhle bezomnotho kanye nokunambitheka kwezakhiwo ezinhle nezihlobisayo.
Indawo ezungeze iManresa iqeda uhambo ngezinketho eziningi ezahlukene. Indawo engaphezu kwesigamu sehora ngemoto iyindawo Idamu laseBaellsIzungezwe yizintaba, ilungele ukuhamba nge-kayak, imidlalo yasemanzini ethambile, noma ukujabulela nje imizila emihle. Enye yezindlela ezinconywa kakhulu iholela e-Sant Salvador de Vedella hermitage, inikeza imibono emihle kakhulu phezu kwamanzi.
Emakhilomitha ambalwa phambili, eCardona, ungavakashela enye yezindawo eziyingqayizivele kakhulu endaweni: i Izimayini Zikasawoti zaseCardonaUhambo oluqondisiwe lukuvumela ukuthi uhlole umhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba wemihubhe, imibukiso, kanye nokwakheka kukasawoti cishe ihora elilodwa, kanye nama-stalactites nama-stalagmite abonakala sengathi ahlukile. Futhi luhambo oludlula emlandweni wezimayini kanye nokubaluleka komnotho kosawoti esifundeni. Ukuvakasha akumahhala, ngamanani ahlukene kuye ngeminyaka yezingane, kodwa ulwazi lufanele.
Lo mfanekiso wamadolobha, amadolobha kanye nezindawo ezinhle ubonisa ukuthi, ngale kwezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu izivakashi, ICatalonia iyizwe elinezinto ezihlukile lapho amasonto amakhulu, imifula, izinqaba, izindawo zokuhlala kanye nemizila yokuhamba ngezinyawo kuhlangana khona.ILleida, enama-cathedral ayo amabili kanye noMfula iSegre; iVic, idolobha lama-episcopal elinezinkungu nama-fuet (amasoseji endabuko aseCatalan); iBesalú, enqoba ngamatshe ayo nomfula; imizila yaseSant Quirze de Besora kanye nempophoma yaseSalt del Mir; kanye neGothic kanye neManresa engokomoya eMfuleni iCardener kwakha uhambo oluhle kulabo abafuna ukuthola olunye uhlangothi lwezwe, oluyiqiniso, olunokuthula, futhi olugcwele izindaba ezisaxoxwa ogwini lwamanzi.
