Ikhemisi lomphakathi lizisungule njenge injini yeqiniso yokuvikela empilweni yomphakathiUkuba seduze kwayo, i-capillarity, kanye nokusabela kwayo kuyenza ibe yindawo eyilungelo yokufundisa, ukuhlinzeka ngokutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukugoma, nokweseka abantu ekuzinakekeleni kwabo.
Kusukela ezinhlelweni zasemgwaqweni kuya kumaphrojekthi ocwaningo, ukuhlolwa, ukugoma nokusekelwa kwezempilo yengqondo, indima kasokhemisi womphakathi Idlulela ngalé kokukhishwa kwemithiLokhu kubonakala ngemikhankaso, izingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe, nezinhlelo ezigxile ekukhuthazeni impilo kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezifo, okunemiphumela ebonakalayo ezimpilweni zabantu.
Ikhemisi lomphakathi emgwaqeni: imfundo nokuhlolwa
Ngomcimbi woSuku Lomhlaba Losokhemisi, i-Spanish Society of Clinical, Family, and Community Pharmacy (SEFAC) yamisa itende Lezempilo endaweni yaseMadrid e-Aluche. USolwazi UJosé Luis Sierra Cinos, ovela kwiDegree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics e-Isabel I University, emsebenzini okuhloswe ngawo Ukusondeza inani le-Professional Pharmaceutical Assistance Services eduze nesibalo sabantu futhi iqinise umbono kasokhemisi njengomsebenzi wezempilo wendawo.
USolwazi Sierra ubambisene emikhakheni ebalulekile njengokudla okunempilo, ubungozi benhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nempilo yesikhumba, egqamisa imfundo yezempilo kanye nokutholwa kusenesikhathi njengezimbazo zokunciphisa umthelela we-pathologies engapheli. Njengoba egcizelele, konke ukungenelela okwenziwa ekhemisi kuyasiza thuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo futhi iqinisa ukuzethemba kwezakhamizi kulaba ochwepheshe.
Emini, amaqembu athaka imithi ayesebenza Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela, izibalo zengozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izincomo zokuvikela isithombe, nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ngendlela efaneleBabheke abantu abacishe babe yikhulu, iningi labo elingaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, bekhombisa ukubaluleka kwezenhlalo kasokhemisi womphakathi, umsebenzi wakhe wamanje ugxile kakhulu. phelezela, ufundise futhi ukhuthaze imikhuba enempilo.
Ukuzibandakanya kwe-Isabel I University kulezi zinhlelo kukhombisa ngokucacile ukuzibophezela kwezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesayensiNgokufundisa nokwenza, ikhuthaza ukuqeqeshwa ngombono ophelele wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okugxile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ukuvimbela kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezempilo emphakathini.
E-Sierra, ikhemisi lomphakathi namuhla ingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olubamba iqhaza kakhudlwana, oluvimbelayo nolufinyeleleka kalulaUkubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo, ochwepheshe, kanye nezakhamizi, njengalokho okugqugquzelwa yi-SEFAC, kuqinisa imfundo yezempilo futhi kufaka isandla ekusimameni kohlelo.
Ukugoma: umsizi omkhulu wekhemisi
Isisekelo sokuthi kungcono ukuvimbela kunokulapha liya liba nesisindo ku-ajenda yezempilo, liqiniswa izinqumo ezinjengokwakhiwa kwe-State Agency for Public Health (AESAP). Kulo mongo, ukwandisa indima kasokhemisi ku Ukugoma, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezingathathelaniyo (NCDs) Kuwukubheja okuqinisekile ukwenza ngcono imiphumela nokuqinisa izinhlelo zezempilo.
Ku-83rd FIP World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Umbiko Wesimo Sekhemisi Womhlaba Wonke, onomyalezo ocacile: ukuhlanganisa osokhemisi ekugomeni kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-NCD enenzuzo kanye nomthelela omkhuluUkugoma, okungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokungenelela kwezempilo yomphakathi, kuvimbela ukufa okulinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-2,5 unyaka ngamunye, futhi amakhemisi afaka isandla ekwandiseni ukutholakala ngokuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, ukwakha ukwethembana, nokufinyelela abantu abanganakiwe.
Empeleni, osokhemisi banesibopho Khuthaza ukugoma, gcina futhi uphathe izinsiza, gcina amarekhodi anembile, nikeza imithamo, futhi uphendule ekuphenduleni okungalungile njenge-anaphylaxis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babamba iqhaza ku-pharmacovigilance futhi bahlanganyele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, babambe iqhaza ukuphepha kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwemithi yokugoma.
Nakuba okunye ukungabaza kusaphikelela kwezinye izindawo mayelana nekhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokugoma, yayo ukufinyeleleka, iziqu kanye nolwazi lomtholampilo ibabeka kahle kakhulu ekuqhubeni amasu okugoma, ikakhulukazi ekhemisi lomphakathi. Lokhu kunomthelela ezinhlelweni esebenza kahle kakhulu, eqinile futhi egxile esigulini.
Ukwandiswa kokugoma emakhemisi kubonakala: ngokombiko wezobunhloli bomhlaba wonke we-FIP (2024), Phakathi kwamazwe nezindawo eziyi-117 ezinedatha etholakalayo, igunyazwe ku-56 Imithi yokugoma emakhemisi, emele u-47,9% wesamba. Le nqubekelaphambili esimeme yandisa ukufinyelela nokufinyelela.
Lapho iziguli zikhipha isinqumo
Umthelela wangempela ubonakala ekwanelisekeni komsebenzisi. EJalimane, ucwaningo lwabonisa lokho iziguli ezingaphezu kweziyisi-9 kwezili-10 Babeneliseke kakhulu ngemithi yokugoma enikezwa emakhemisi. Le datha iqinisa umqondo wokuthi inani elicatshangelwayo leziguli liphezulu kakhulu.
Emazweni ngamazwe, ukuthwebula izithombe kuyafana. Ucwaningo lukazwelonke eCanada (2023) luthole ukuthi iningi labantu abadala likukholelwa lokho ukwandisa iphothifoliyo yesevisi yekhemisi, okuhlanganisa nemithi yokugoma, ingathuthukisa ukufinyelela kanye nekhwalithiE-Romania, ukwaneliseka kwakuxhunyaniswe nokusebenzisana okuhle, ukucaca kolwazi kanye ne ukufinyeleleka kanye nokufinyeleleka zalezi zinsizakalo.
Kukhona futhi izimpawu eziqinile eYurophu nase-United States. EBelgium, izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-1.200 bakhombise ukweseka kwabo ukuthola imithi yokugoma emakhemisi. Futhi e-US, ubufakazi obuvela ku-2023 bukhombisa ukuthi kusho lapho osokhemisi bengakwazi nquma futhi unikeze imithi yokugoma ngokuzimela (noma ngaphansi kwemiyalo emile yezinga likahulumeni) ibe namazinga okugoma aphezulu ngo-9% kunalawo anezidingo ezikhawulelwe kakhulu zemithi yokugomela i-RSV, pneumococcal, ne-shingles.
Ukumisa ama-NCD ekhemisi
Ama-NCD amele umthwalo omkhulu wezempilo nezomnotho: kuthiwa abangelwa bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-43 abafa minyaka yonke, kanti u-80% wokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ugxile ezifweni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela kanye nezifo ezingelapheki zokuphefumula. Ikhemisi yomphakathi, yayo ukufinyeleleka kanye nokusebenzisana njalo neziguli kanye nemiphakathi, isesimweni esihle sokuvimbela, ukubona kanye nokusiza ekulawuleni lezi zimo.
Umnikelo wabo uhlanganisa konke ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa: kusukela ku- Ukuvimbela okuyinhloko kanye nokuhlolwa, ekwenzeni imithi futhi ukulandelela isikhathi esideNgaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana kwezinhlanga ezahlukene kuvumela osokhemisi ukuthi baqondanise ukwelashwa, bakhombe izinkinga ezihlobene nemithi, futhi bakhuthaze ukuzinakekela unolwazi.
- Ukunika amandla amakhemisi njengababambe iqhaza ababalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ama-NCD futhi bawahlanganise ezindleleni zokunakekela.
- Faka imali ku amamodeli esevisi agxile kumuntu kanye nokuqinisa izinqubomgomo ezibhekana nezimbangela zama-NCDs.
- Sebenzisa ukungenelela esekelwe ebufakazini futhi eholwa ngosokhemisi, ngokubambisana phakathi kochwepheshe kanye nokuqashelwa kwamakhemisi njengezikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi ezifinyeleleka kalula.
- Sebenzisa impilo yedijithali kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha, ukukhuthaza ukuzinakekela okunomthwalo wemfanelo, iqinisekise isinxephezelo esifanelekile, iqhube ucwaningo, futhi igcine abasebenzi abanekhono.
Ukugaya: izinto ezivamile okungafanele zishaywe indiva
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokugaya zivela ngesikhathi sokuvakasha ekhemisi nsuku zonke: isilungulela, i-reflux, ukuqunjelwa, noma izinguquko zesigqi samathumbu. Naphezu kokwenzeka kwazo okuvamile, Akweluleki ukuwehlisa noma ukuwenza kalula., ngoba ngezinye izikhathi bangakwazi ukufihla ama-pathologies adinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Ingxoxo yomtholampilo iwukhiye wokuhlukanisa isimo sokusebenza kwesiphilayo. Ubude nobuningi bezimpawu kufanele kuhlolwe, futhi kuqashelwe Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nokuncipha kwesisindo okungahlosiwe, ukopha, i-anemia, noma imfivaUma ungabaza, ukudluliselwa kudokotela kuyindlela ehlakaniphe kakhulu yesiguli.
Ikhemisi nalo lingaphushela ngamandla lingene ukuvimbela ukugaya, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza we-colorectal: khuthaza ukudla okune-fiber ephezulu, ukunciphisa utshwala nogwayi, futhi ukhuthaze ukuvivinya umzimba njalo. Ngeseluleko somuntu siqu nesinobungane, ikhawunta iba iphuzu elibalulekile lemfundo yezempilo okukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuhlola.
Ngokulalela okumatasa, inhlolokhono eqondiwe kanye nemiyalezo ecacile, usokhemisi angakwazi qondisa, thola izimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi ukhuthaze ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi, ngaphezu kokusiza ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ngemikhiqizo efanele uma kufaneleka.
I-Allergies: iseluleko esiphephile kanye nesikhathi sokubhekisela
Ukusabalala kwezifo ezingezwani nomzimba kuyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi, ngenxa yokungalapheki kwazo, beka inselele yezempilo yomphakathiIziguli eziningi ezisencane azizibukeli phansi izimpawu zazo noma ziyehluleka ukuzibona ngendlela efanele, okwenza kube nzima ukuphatha nokubambelela kwazo ngendlela efanele.
Kule ndawo, usokhemisi unendima enqumayo: fundisa ukusebenzisa imithi ngendlela efanele, qinisa ukubambelela, thola izimo ezingalawulwa kahle, futhi uphakamise ukubonisana nodokotela lapho kudingekile. Kuyinhlanganisela yokwesekwa komtholampilo kanye nokuqapha okunikeza ukuphepha kwesiguli.
Phakathi kwezinketho zokwelapha, okuphawuleka kakhulu i-bilastine, i-antihistamine yesizukulwane sesibili engabangeli ukozela noma ikhinyabeze ukusebenza kwe-psychomotor. Umphumela wayo uyashesha futhi ugcinwa amahora angama-24, futhi njengoba ungagayelwanga esibindini, nciphisa ukusebenzelanaNgezimpawu ezithambile kubantu abadala kanye nentsha, kungase kunconywe ngeziqondiso ezicacile ezivela ekhemisi, kubhekiselwa njalo uma izimpawu zinzima noma ziqhubeka nokulawulwa kabi.
Imfundo eqhubekayo kanye nokusebenzisana
Ukubuyekeza njalo kuphindaphinda umthelela wokungenelela kwezemithi. IFaes Farma Open Day kuyisibonelo salokhu kuzibophezela: usuku lokuvuselelwa komtholampilo olugxile kuzifo ezivamile emakhemisi omphakathi, kanye nezethulo mayelana I-rhinoconjunctivitis ye-allergic, i-urticaria, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla noma ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwe-locomotor.
Inani lalezi ngcaphuno lilele ekunikezeni ukufinyelela okuqondile ebufakazini kanye nokukhuthaza a indlela eyahlukene yemikhakha ehlukene lokho kuthuthukisa izinga lokunakekelwa. Ukusebenzisana kukadokotela nosokhemisi kusiza ukutholwa kwemiphumela emibi, ukuvimbela ukusebenzisana kanye imfundo yokwelapha, ukuthola imiphumela engcono yezempilo.
Esimisweni esigcizelelwe ukungapheli, ukuguga kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ikhemisi lomphakathi livela njenge isihlungi sokuqala sanitary: ukusondelana nesiguli, ukuqeqeshwa okuqinile kanye nekhono lokuqinisa ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lapho kudingeka khona kakhulu.
Inethiwekhi ye-capillary enomthelela womphakathi
ISpain ikwenzile Amakhemisi omphakathi ayi-22.231, enye yamanethiwekhi aminyene kakhulu e-Europe, enekhemisi cishe elilodwa kubantu abangu-2.000. Ukuba khona kwabo ezingeni lomgwaqo kuyabenza amaphuzu abalulekile okunakekelwa ngokunakekelwa okuphelele kwabantu.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bandise iphothifoliyo yabo yesevisi ukuze bafake ukuvimbela. UGerino GarcÃa-Zabarte, usokhemisi eMadrid, uchaza ukuthi uye wahlanganyela kanjani Ukuqapha i-glucose nomfutho wegazi, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, i-bioimpedance, ukukala kwe-vitamin D, nokuhlaziywa kwesikhumbaNgala mathuluzi, amakhemisi asiza uku bona kusenesikhathi izinkinga ezivame ukwanda.
Omunye umnikelo ophawulekayo ukuqaliswa kwe I-Customized Dosing Systems (DPS)Ukulungiselela imithi ngamaphakethe amabhamuza amasonto onke kuvimbela ukukhohlwa futhi kusiza ukubambelela, okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaphuza imithi eminingi. Esigulini, ukuthola imithi yaso ehleliwe kuyimpumuzo; kosokhemisi, isiqinisekiso sokwelashwa okulawulwayo.
Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuzibophezela komphakathi kwekhemisi kube umlando. Ukusabalalisa okuminyene kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho naphakathi Emadolobheni amancane kunendawo yezempiloImizamo efana Nohlelo LwangoLwesihlanu e-Cantabria ilwa nesizungu esingafuneki ngezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi nemisebenzi evuselela ukuphila komphakathi. Njengoba usokhemisi echaza ULuis NoriegaAmakhemisi asebenza 'njengama-radar' athola izimo ezibucayi futhi avule izivumelwano zokudlulisela kubantu abafanelekile bezenhlalakahle.
Ikhemisi ezibhedlela nasemalabhorethri
Ukuzijwayeza kwekhemisi kudlulela ngalé kwekhawunta. Esibhedlela, laba ochwepheshe Bathuthukisa, baphathe futhi baqondise ukwelashwa eyinkimbinkimbi njenge-chemotherapy, i-parenteral noma amalungiselelo e-intravenous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuqinisekiswa kwezemithi okuqinisekisa lokho umthamo kanye nomzila wokuphatha kufanelekile ku-pathology kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesiguli ngasinye.
Iziguli ezilaliswayo nazo zine ukunakekelwa kwemithi okuqondileUkuxazulula imibuzo, ukuchaza imithamo, kanye neziqondiso ezichazayo zokunciphisa imiphumela emibi kuyingxenye yosizo olunikezwa isevisi yekhemisi yasesibhedlela. Ukwazi lokhu kutholakala kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwesiguli nokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwaso.
Ngaphandle kwekhemisi lasesibhedlela, kunezindawo lapho osokhemisi bebalulekile: Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo, i-microbiology kanye ne-parasitology, i-biochemistry, i-immunology noma i-radiopharmacyUbuchwepheshe babo bobuchwepheshe busekela izinqubo ezibucayi zokuxilonga nezokwelashwa ekunakekelweni okukhethekile.
Emalabhorethri emitholampilo, iphrofayili yezemithi ivame kakhulu. Kungumsebenzi oguquguqukayo futhi ohlanganisa imikhakha eminingi biology, physics kanye chemistry. Namuhla, inani elikhulu lokuxilongwa nokwelashwa lincike kulezi zivivinyo, lapho osokhemisi, njengalezo ezise-Eurofins Laboratory e-A Coruña, Baqondisa futhi baqinisekise ikhwalithi yezinqubo zokuhlaziya.
Umthwalo womsebenzi kuma-laboratories ukhula njalo, uqhutshwa yi- abantu asebekhulile kanye nokwanda kokunqunywa kwe-biochemical. Lokhu kwanda akuvamile ukuhambisana nezinsiza ezengeziwe, okugcizelela isidingo ukuqinisa abasebenzi namandla ukugcina izinga nokuphepha.
Impilo yengqondo: ukwesekwa ngaphandle kokucwaswa
Ngesikhathi soSuku Lomhlaba Lwezempilo Yengqondo (Okthoba 10) kufanelekile ukukhumbula lokho eSpain ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yabantu banenkinga ethile yempilo yengqondo, edlula ama-50% kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-75, nokuthambekela okwandayo. Uma kubhekwa lezi zibalo, sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyatheloFuthi ikhemisi ithatha ingxenye yalo yemfanelo.
Umsebenzi wekhemisi usebenza ngokuqhubekayo nangokuhlanganyela ngcono ukubambelela kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemithi, enezela ukusekela kumalungu omndeni nakubanakekeli. Ivele ikukhombisile lokhu ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19 futhi isiyatholakala futhi njenge- insiza yezempilo ebalulekile ebhekene nenselelo enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi.
Ukufinyeleleka kukasokhemisi womphakathi kumenza abe uchwepheshe ofanelekayo bona izimpawu nezimpawu kusenesikhathi zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukuwohloka kwazo, zihumushe lezo zimpawu bese zibhekisela lapho kufanele. Ungakwazi futhi ukulwa nokucwaswa kanye nokukhuthaza ukuzinakekela, okuqondwa njengekhono lokuthuthukisa impilo, ukuvimbela izifo, nokubhekana nabo ngolwazi oluthembekile.
Lokhu kuzibophezela kubonakala ezenzweni ezibambekayo. Umbiko othi 'Mental Health in Spain', othuthukiswe yiGeneral Council of Official Colleges of Pharmacists kanye noSocial Advisory Council, unikeza isithombe esiqinile se ukwanda, izimbangela kanye nokungalingani, futhi ihlongoza ukuhlanganisa inethiwekhi yekhemisi ezinqubweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo njenge inethiwekhi ye-sentinel ukwandisa imithi, ukuthuthukisa ukubambelela, nokusebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokuxhumana ukuze uthole isiqondiso nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo.
Ngokuhambisana nemigqa efanayo, umkhankaso 'Ukucwaswa okuncane, ukuhlonishwa okwengeziwe', egqugquzelwa ne-Boehringer Ingelheim, ifuna ukuqeda ubandlululo nokwenza ibonakale indima kasokhemisi ukuvimbela, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokusekelwaOkungezwe kulokhu iphrojekthi 'Yezikole Zempilo Yengqondo Yasemakhaya', ekhuthaza ukutholwa kwezimpawu, ukuzinakekela, kanye nokubambelela. ngamaseshini ezemfundo yezempilo efundiswa ngosokhemisi.
Sebebonke, baye babamba iqhaza Amakhemisi omphakathi angama-300 ezikoleni zezifundazwe ezingama-35. Cishe wonke amalungu omndeni kanye neziguli (98%) banelisekile ngolwazi kanye nensizakalo eyamukelwe, futhi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kufanele kunwetshwe ezifundazweni eziningi, kuhlanganiswe indima yekhemisi njenge isikhala sokusekela esiseduze nesithembekile.