Ingxoxo mayelana ne ikusasa lethelevishini esakazwa mahhala Ngokuvamile kugcwele izihloko ezidabukisayo: ukuthi amapulatifomu okusakaza athatha indawo, ukuthi ithelevishini yedijithali yomhlaba iyawohloka, ukuthi intsha isiyekile iziteshi eziqondile unomphela. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlala phansi futhi ubukeza idatha ngokuthula, isithombe sihluke kakhulu kulokho okukhulunywa ngakho ngezinye izikhathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma ezingxoxweni ezisheshayo.
Namuhla, ithelevishini esakazwa mahhala isebenza ngaphakathi kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hybridizikrini ezixhunyiwe, ukusakaza, i-FAST, i-DTT kanye nevidiyo uma kudingeka ukuhlala ndawonye egumbini elilodwa. Kunokuba inyamalale, le ndlela iyazivuselela, ihlangana nezivumelwano nezikhondlakhondla ezifana neNetflix, isekela amabhayisikobho aseSpain, igcina utshalomali lokukhangisa olubiza izigidi zamaRandi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu kakhulu kubabukeli, ukuguga kwababukeli kanye nokuhlukana okukhulu.
Idatha yangempela: ukufinyelela okukhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusephezulu kakhulu
Ngale komsindo, iqiniso lokuqala elingenakuphikwa yileli cishe ukufinyelela kuwo wonke umuntu kwethelevishini yamahhalaNgo-2025, ithelevishini yendabuko yafinyelela cishe ababukeli abayizigidi ezingu-47 eSpain, okumele cishe u-99,8% wabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, cishe lonke izwe lase livule ithelevishini yalo ngesikhathi esithile ukuze libukele isiteshi esiqondile.
Leso silinganiso sigcwaliswa yi- umkhuba wansuku zonke ozinzile kakhuluUsuku ngalunye, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-26,7-30 babukela ithelevishini yendabuko, emele cishe u-56-60% wabantu abaneminyaka emine nangaphezulu. Nakuba lesi yisibalo esiphansi kakhulu sansuku zonke esike sabhalwa, sisamelela inani elikhulu labantu abafinyelela okuqukethwe okufanayo ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi, ngo-2025 cishe Imizuzu eyi-162 yethelevishini yendabuko ngomuntu ngamunye ngosuku (okuqondile + okulibazisekile), imizuzu eyisishiyagalolunye ingaphansi kuka-2024 futhi ingaphansi kakhulu kwerekhodi lemizuzu engama-246 ngo-2012. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwethelevishini kwezinye izinjongo (ukusakaza, imidlalo yevidiyo, umsakazo, izinhlelo zokusebenza…) kufinyelele isilinganiso semizuzu engama-54 ngosuku, okuyisilinganiso esiphezulu kunawo wonke, kanti u-89% waleso sikhathi usuvele uzinikele ekusakazeni.
Uma sibheka i-DTT kuphela, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa konyaka sasiseduze Imizuzu engama-283 nsuku zonke, ihlanganisa konke ukusetshenziswa kwethelevishiniNgokusho kukaBarlovento Comunicación, isikhathi sokubuka ithelevishini eSpain sifinyelele imizuzu eyi-161 ngomuntu ngamunye ikakhulukazi kuthelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni (i-DTT). Lokhu kusho ukwehla okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kodwa kusabonisa ukuthi ithelevishini yendabuko isalokhu iyisikrini esiyinhloko emakhaya aseSpain.
Ngesikhathi sokubuka okuphezulu, isikhathi esidumile sokubuka (cishe ngo-22:15-22:30 ntambama), isilinganiso senani lababukeli sehle sisuka ku-18,2 million ngo-2013-2014 saya cishe ku-11,7 million ngo-2025. Noma kunjalo, kuseyisikhathi kuphela lapho Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi babukela ngesikhathi esisodwa okuqukethwe okulalelwayo okubonakalayo okubukhoma obala, into okungekho enye ipulatifomu ekwazi ukuyiphinda njalo.
Ubani olawula izilinganiso futhi ibukeka kanjani imephu entsha yenethiwekhi?
Uhlu lwamanethiwekhi kamabonakude lwango-2025 lushiye inkundla ecacile kakhulu: I-Antena 3 ihole unyaka futhi ngonyaka wesine ulandelana. Ngemuva kwabo kwakukhona i-La 1, enesabelo esingu-11,1% - kanye nokuthambekela okukhuphukayo ngaphakathi konyaka uqobo -, kulandelwe yi-Telecinco, eqophe umphumela wayo omubi kakhulu emlandweni ngesabelo esingu-9,4%.
Phakathi kweziteshi ezijwayelekile, i-La Sexta ivale ngo-6,2%, i-Cuatro ikhuphuke yaya ku-5,8%, kanti i-La 2 ihlale cishe ingu-3%. Ukwanda okukhulu konyaka nonyaka bekungokwe... I-La 1 ne-CuatroPhakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Telecinco kanye ne-Divinity balahlekelwe kakhulu, bebonisa izinguquko ezinkulu ekuhleleni izinhlelo, isu lomkhiqizo, kanye nokwehla kwezinhlobo ezithile.
Uma sibheka ukusebenza emini, i-Antena 3 yayihamba phambili ku Izinsuku ezingu-292 zonyakaI-La 1 ihole izilinganiso izinsuku ezingama-58, kanti i-Telecinco iphumelele ukuwina ngama-15 kuphela. Ngokwezikhathi, ekuseni kubusa i-La 1; ntambama, kusihlwa kanye nesikhathi sokuqala kuyinsimu ye-Antena 3; ubusuku obude buvame ukuba ngeye-Telecinco, futhi ekuseni kakhulu isiteshi se-Energy siyakhanya.
Ngokuphathelene nezintandokazi zobulili, Abesifazane babethanda kakhulu ukukhetha i-Antena 3 Futhi amadoda akhetha i-La 1. Ngokweqembu leminyaka, izilaleli ezineminyaka engu-13-24 zikhetha kakhulu i-La 1, kuyilapho i-Antena 3 ihamba phambili cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zobudala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umgomo wezohwebo—othandwa kakhulu ngabakhangisi—i-La 1 yayiyisiteshi esihamba phambili, naphezu kokuba yayingenazo izikhangiso.
Uma ukusakazwa okuthile kuhlaziywa, ukubusa kwe-La 1 kusobala nakakhulu: kwe Imisakazo engu-30 ebukelwe kakhulu ngonyakaEzingu-29 zalezo zinhlelo zisakazwe kulesi siteshi futhi zisakazwe ku-Telecinco (umqhudelwano wamanqamu weNdebe Yomhlaba yeKlabhu phakathi kwe-PSG neReal Madrid). Phakathi kwezinhlelo ezivelele kwakukhona ibhola, i-Eurovision, kanye... Okukhethekile Kwangobusuku Bonyaka OmushaNgaphezu kwezimo ezifana ne-El hormiguero, i-Pasapalabra, i-La revuelta noma i-La isla de las tentaciones, eholela ngokugqamile ekuphuzeni ukusetshenziswa.
Ubani obukela ithelevishini yamahhala: ubudala, ubulili, izindawo kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha
Enye yezinguquko ezinkulu ezithule zeminyaka yamuva nje ubudala obujwayelekile bombukeli wethelevishini wendabukoIsilinganiso sobudala bokubukela eSpain sifinyelele eminyakeni engu-58, okuyisilinganiso esiphezulu kunazo zonke ezake zaqoshwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwethelevishini okuqondile kugxile kakhulu kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-64 (cishe imizuzu engu-321 ngosuku) kanye neqembu leminyaka engu-45-64 (imizuzu engu-195 ngosuku), kuyilapho wonke amanye amaqembu eminyaka enciphisa kancane kancane isikhathi sawo sokubuka eziteshini zendabuko.
Umehluko nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “okunye ithelevishini” (ukusakaza, ividiyo eku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, njll.) ucacile: kukhona isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala sehla siye eminyakeni engaba ngu-43Iqembu leminyaka engu-25-44 livelele kakhulu, lihola esikhathini sokubuka nsuku zonke cishe imizuzu engu-65. Lilandelwa ababukeli abaneminyaka engu-45-64 (imizuzu engu-63) kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-4-12 (imizuzu engu-60 ngosuku uma kusetshenziswa ithelevishini ngenye indlela).
Izingane ezincane kunazo zonke, kusukela eminyakeni engu-4 kuya kwengu-12 ubudala, sezivele zizinikezele imizuzu eminingi echithwa "kuthelevishini ehlukile" kunakuthelevishini evamileCishe imizuzu engama-56 ngosuku ichithwa ubukela izinhlelo eziqondile uma kuqhathaniswa nemizuzu engama-60 ubukela okuqukethwe okuhlukile, ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nakumavidiyo. Phakathi kwamanye amaqembu eminyaka angaphansi kweminyaka engama-45, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwethelevishini ngezinjongo ezingezona ithelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni (i-DTT) sisondela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kweziteshi eziqondile.
Ukwehluka kobulili nakho kubalulekile. Abesifazane bayaqhubeka nokuba yibo ababukela ithelevishini evamile kakhulu.Abesifazane bachitha cishe imizuzu eyi-173 ngosuku bebukela ithelevishini, uma kuqhathaniswa nemizuzu eyi-150 yabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, "kwezinye ithelevishini" igebe licishe linyamalale, lapho amadoda ehamba phambili kancane (imizuzu engama-55 ngosuku) uma kuqhathaniswa nemizuzu engama-53 yabesifazane, okubonisa ukwenziwa kwabesilisa okuthile kokusetshenziswa kwedijithali.
Ngemiphakathi ezimele, Ama-Asturians ahamba phambili ekulinganisweni kokusetshenziswa Ukubuka ithelevishini kuvamile cishe imizuzu engu-310 ngosuku, kulandelwe yi-Andalusia (imizuzu engu-295) kanye ne-Canary Islands (294). I-Madrid ne-Catalonia ziphakathi kwezifunda ezinesikhathi esincane kakhulu sokubuka isikrini, kanti i-Navarre ibhalise ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu, cishe imizuzu engu-259 ngosuku. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokwengxenye yizici zezibalo zabantu: izindawo ezinabantu asebekhulile zivame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi zibuka ithelevishini eqondile.
Esinye isenzakalo esiphawulekayo ukuthi ukubukela i-TV sekuyinto engavamile umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa ngokwawo ngokwandayoAbabukeli babukela ithelevishini bodwa isilinganiso semizuzu engu-282 ngosuku, okuyisilinganiso esiphezulu kunawo wonke, kuyilapho isilinganiso sokubuka nomlingani sicishe sibe yimizuzu engu-237. Ukubuka wedwa kugxila kakhulu ngezikhathi zasemini, phakathi kuka-7:00 ekuseni no-21:00 ebusuku.
Ukuhlalisana kwamamodeli e-DTT, ukusakaza kanye ne-hybrid
Kwase kuyisikhathi eside kucatshangwa ukuthi ukusakaza ithelevishini nokusakaza kwakuzokwenzeka ukuncintisana namamodeli angavumelaniEsokuqala sisekelwe ekusakazeni okuqondile okunezinhlelo ezihleliwe kanye nokukhangisa, esesibili kuvidiyo uma kudingeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma isimiso esihleliwe. Nokho, lowo mngcele uyafiphala ngokushesha.
Ushintsho olukhulu olungokomfanekiso luze nesimemezelo sokuthi iNetflix izohlanganisa, kusukela ehlobo lika-2026, Okuphakelayo okubukhoma okuvela eziteshini ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ze-TF1 Ekuhlinzekeni kwayo iFrance, ngaphezu kokuqukethwe okufunwayo, kungokokuqala ipulatifomu yalolu hlobo ifaka ngokusobala iziteshi eziqondile ezivela kumqhubi wendabuko waseYurophu.
Lokhu kuthutha akuyona nje into yebhizinisi; kuyisenzo ukuvuma ngokusobala ukuthi ithelevishini eqondile isenamandla okuheha ababukeli ama-algorithms ewodwa angenakukwazi ukuphinda. Amapulatifomu azibonele mathupha ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukudala imikhuba yokusebenzisa kanye nemikhuba yansuku zonke ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho "okumelwe ube khona" kokusakaza bukhoma.
Ngaphambi kweNetflix, iPrime Video yayisivele ivivinye amanzi eSpain ngokusakazwa okuqondile kwe-Operación Triunfo 2023. Lokhu kuhlola kwasebenza: emavikini ayi-14, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ababukeli abahlukile abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3,5 babukele ngesikhathi esithile, futhi cishe u-85% wabuya isonto ngalinye, bephinda uhlobo lwe- ukwethembeka okwakuhlotshaniswa nethelevishini yamahhala.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amamodeli e-FAST (Free Ad-Supported Television) avele kakhulu; lezi yiziteshi zamahhala ezixhaswa ngezikhangiso ezisetshenziswa nge-inthanethi, kodwa nge i-logic yegridi eqondileAmapulatifomu afana ne-Pluto TV, i-Rakuten TV, kanye ne-Samsung TV Plus aqinisa umqondo wokuthi kukhona isikhala sokuqukethwe kwamahhala, ngezikhangiso kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwedijithali, lapho kungobo yomlando, iziteshi ezinezihloko, kanye nezimpawu zenethiwekhi zendabuko zikhona ndawonye.
ISpain: izivumelwano, i-DTT exhunyiwe kanye ne-convergent ecosystem
Endabeni yaseSpain, isimiso sezinto eziphilayo siya ngokuya sihlangana. ithelevishini exhunyiwe (i-CTV) Sekuyindlela evelele yokubuka okuqukethwe egumbini lokuphumula, ukuhlanganisa ithelevishini yedijithali yomhlaba, amapulatifomu e-TV akhokhelwayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye namavidiyo uma kudingeka kudivayisi eyodwa. Ithelevishini iphinde yaba isikrini esikhulu esabiwe, kodwa esihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Emkhakheni wethelevishini ekhokhelwayo, iMovistar Plus+ isalokhu iyi- Ipulatifomu yemvelaphi yesiSpanishi elinganiswe kahle kakhulu yizithameliNgokusho kwedatha evela ku-CNMC Household Panel, ukunikezwa kwabo kuhlanganisa iziteshi eziqondile ezisakazwa mahhala kanye neziteshi ze-TV ezikhokhelwayo, okuqukethwe kwasekuqaleni okufunwayo, imincintiswano emikhulu yezemidlalo, kanye nokufinyelela okuhlanganisiwe kwezinsizakalo eziningi zokusakaza.
Ukwanda kwe-CTV, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwe amasu okuhlela ukukhangisa anembe kakhulu ngaphandle kokudela ubukhulu bethelevishini eqondile. Abakhangisi bangahlukanisa, balinganise, futhi bathuthukise imikhankaso endaweni, ngokungafani nezinye izikhala zedijithali, egcina amazinga aphezulu okuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nokulawula ukuhlela.
Ngokombono wokuqukethwe, ithelevishini esakazwa mahhala ayigcini nje ngokusinda; ihlala ikhona amandla ashukumisayo embonini ye-audiovisual kanye ne-cinema yaseSpainNgo-2025, ama-86% amafilimu ayi-15 athole inzuzo ephezulu abe neqhaza noma ukukhiqizwa okuvela kumanethiwekhi amahhala, okubonisa izinga lapho amandla awo ezezimali ehlala ebalulekile ekusekeleni indwangu yokudala yendawo.
Ithelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni: umlando wakamuva, okuvelele kanye nokuphansi
I-Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) igubha iminyaka engamashumi amabili eSpain ngo-2025, kodwa indlela yayo ibilokhu ilula. kunezigameko eziningi kunalokho okungase kubonakaleOkuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala okusemthethweni kwafika ngo-2000 nge-Quiero TV, ipulatifomu ye-pay-TV ekhuthazwa yi-Retevisión enikeza iziteshi ezingu-14 kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi nge-decoder yayo.
I-Quiero TV yayihlose ukuncintisana ne-Vía Digital kanye ne-Canal Satélite Digital, kodwa yahlala iminyaka emibili nje kuphela. ubunzima ekwenzeni imodeli ibe nenzuzoLokhu, kanye nemakethe esathuthuka yethelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni (i-DTT), ekugcineni kwaphoqa ukuvalwa kwayo. Noma kunjalo, lowo mzamo wasebenza ekuvivinyeni ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum futhi wabeka isisekelo sobuchwepheshe se-DTT yakamuva.
Ukuqala kwangempela kwe-DTT njengenkonzo yamahhala yokusabalalisa inqwaba kwenzeka kusukela Novemba 2005, lapho ukusakazwa okusemthethweni kuqala ngokunikezwa kweziteshi ezingaba ngu-20: ezinhlanu ezivela ku-TVE (kufaka phakathi i-Clan ne-Teledeporte), ezintathu ezivela ku-Antena 3 (kanye ne-Nova ne-Neox), ezinhlanu ezivela ku-Telecinco (kufaka phakathi i-Telecinco Sports ne-Factoría de Ficción), ezintathu ezivela ku-Sogecable (CNN+ ne-Los 40 Latino), ezimbili ezivela ku-Vocento (Net TV ne-Fly TV) kanye nezimbili ezivela ku-Unidad Editorial (Veo TV kanye nesignali eyayiqashiwe ku-Intereconomía).
Ngo-2006, i-La Sexta yanezelwa futhi ukuba khona kweziteshi zesifunda kwaqiniswa, ngesikhathi kuqhubeka amalungiselelo e- ukuvala i-analog ka-2010Kusukela ngalolo suku, zonke iziteshi zaqala ukusakaza ngedijithali kuphela, ngokungena kwabaqhubi abasha, izinguqulo ze-HD kanye nokufika kwemikhiqizo efana ne-Discovery Max, i-Disney Channel, i-MTV noma i-13 TV, eziningi zazo ziqasha abantu abanelayisensi yokuqala njenge-Veo TV kanye ne-Net TV.
Isikhathi sokwanda okukhulu kwe-DTT saphawulwa ukwanda kweziteshi ezinezihloko, ukulungiswa kwezomthetho kokwabiwa kwamalayisense ngaphandle kwethenda yomphakathi ngo-2014, kanye nomjikelezo omusha wemiklomelo ngo-2015. Ngo-2018, ipulatifomu ye-LovesTV yasungulwa, eyayihlanganisa imisebenzi ye ukusebenzisana kanye nethelevishini ehlanganisiwe kweziteshi eziyinhloko ezijwayelekile, yize ukusetshenziswa kwayo nomphakathi kwakuphansi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, sekuyinsakavukela ukuthi Iziteshi ezincike ezinkampanini ezinkulu zihoxa ku-DTT ukuqinisa isu labo lokusakaza. Lokhu kunjalo nge-MTV, eyashiya i-DTT ngo-2014 ukuze ihlale njengesiteshi sokukhokha kuphela, noma i-Disney Channel kanye, muva nje, ne-Paramount Network, lapho imikhiqizo yayo igxile khona ezinsizakalweni ezifana ne-Pluto TV noma i-SkyShowtime.
Ukubuka konke kwamanje kwe-DTT: iziteshi zesibili, ama-niches kanye nobunzima
Namuhla, uhlelo lwe-DTT luhlanganisa abasakazi bomlando abajwayelekile kanye iziteshi zetimu ezikhethekile kakhuluPhakathi kwabaqhubi abafike kamuva kukhona i-Real Madrid TV, i-DKiss (Kiss FM Group) kanye ne-Ten (Secuoya), kanti i-RTVE, i-Atresmedia kanye ne-Mediaset ziyaqhubeka nokugxila iningi lamalayisense futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iningi lemali engenayo yokukhangisa yale midiya.
Iziteshi ezibizwa ngokuthi ezesibili ziye zaba yimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu yethelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni. Izinhlelo ezifana ne- I-Nova ne-Divinity zisebenzise ukuchuma kwama-soap opera aseTurkeyOkwamanje, i-Clan ne-Boing seziphenduke izindawo ezihlukile zokukhosela izinhlelo zezingane ezisakazwa mahhala, esimweni lapho okuqukethwe okuningi kwezingane sekuthuthele ezinkundleni zokusakaza.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-GECA, ngoDisemba 2025 iziteshi ze-DTT ezinezihloko zafinyelela ku- 27,6% ukwabelana kwesikriniIziteshi ezikhethekile zisebenze kangcono kuneziteshi ze-TV ezikhokhelwayo (12,2%) futhi zibonise ukukhula okuncane kwanyanga zonke. Okwamanje, iziteshi ezijwayelekile zibone isabelo sazo sehla ngamaphesenti angu-1,3, sahlala cishe ku-48,4%. Nakuba zingemangazi, lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi iziteshi ezikhethekile zithole indawo eqhubekayo phakathi kwalabo abangafuni noma abangakwazi ukukhokhela izinsizakalo zokubhalisa.
Kodwa-ke, i-DTT ibilokhu ihambisana nayo, kusukela yasungulwa, umuzwa wokuthi "isithembiso esiphuliwe"Ochwepheshe abanjengoSolwazi uConchi Cascajosa baveza ukuthi okulindelwe ekuqaleni kokusebenzisana, ubuhlakani, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlukile ngempela akukafezeki ngokugcwele. Ingxenye enkulu yezinhlelo yakhelwe ekuphindaphindweni, ukuphindaphinda kochungechunge, kanye namafomethi angenisiwe, okuphazanyiswa ukwehla kokutshalwa kwezimali kokukhangisa kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.
Iqiniso lezomnotho liqinile: ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokukhangisa kuthelevishini ngo-2025 kwakuseduze 1.750 million euroNgaphansi ngo-5% kunonyaka odlule, cishe u-80% ugxile e-Atresmedia naseMediaset. Ezingeni lezindaba elihlanganisiwe, ithelevishini isalokhu iyisikhungo esihamba phambili somuntu ngamunye maqondana nokutshalwa kwezimali ngokusho kwe-InfoAdex, cishe ngo-€1.857 billion ngo-2024 kanye nesabelo esicishe sibe ngu-30% sazo zonke izimali eziqashwe ngokucophelela, ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye indlela yendabuko.
Olunye uhlangothi lwemali yilokho Kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukwenza iziteshi ezintsha zethelevishini zomhlaba zedijithali zibe nenzuzo.Ubufakazi balokhu kwakuwukuncane kwesithakazelo sebhizinisi lapho uHulumeni ememezela ngo-2025 inhloso yakhe yokunikeza ilayisensi entsha ka-2026. Ekugcineni, igebe lizogcwaliswa yisiteshi sezindaba zamasiko esivela ku-RTVE, esizoqala ukusakaza ehlobo, kodwa isifiso sangasese sasincane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobunzima bokwenza imali ngesinye isiteshi emakethe ehlukana ngokusobala.
Ukulawulwa, i-DTT kanye ne-spectrum horizon: isignali iqinisekisiwe isikhathi esingakanani?
Iminyaka eminingi into engaziwa yayilenga kulo mkhakha: Kuze kube nini i-spectrum ye-DTT izoqinisekiswa? Imithetho yaseYurophu ibeke u-2030 njengosuku lokugcina lokubuyekeza ukwabiwa kwemvamisa, futhi engxenyeni enkulu yaseSpain lolo suku aluzange luqashelwe, naphezu kokuthi lwalusho ingozi engaba khona ekuqhubekeni kwemodeli.
Ingqungquthela Yomhlaba Yezokuxhumana Ngomsakazo eyabanjwa ekupheleni kuka-2023 yanikeza ithuba lokuphefumula. Yafezwa yandisa umkhathi wokuphepha we-DTT kuze kube ngu-2031Ngalowo nyaka, ukusetshenziswa kwaleyo ngxenye ye-spectrum kuzoxoxwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ababambiqhaza embonini baneminyaka eminingana yokubonisa ukuthi ithelevishini esakazwa mahhala, ikakhulukazi ithelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni (i-DTT), iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngenani elanele lezenhlalo, ezomnotho, kanye namasiko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulondolozwa kwe-spectrum yomsakazo kuze kube okungenani u-2040.
ESpain, esinye sezici ezibalulekile zaleso sikhathi esizayo kuzoba ukuguqulwa kwe- Uhlelo Lobuchwepheshe Lwethelevishini Yedijithali YasemhlabeniPhakathi kwezinye izinto, lolu hlelo kufanele lusize ekufudukeni kusuka ekuchazeni okuphezulu kwamanje kuya ekuchazeni okuphezulu kakhulu (UHD), okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-spectrum kanye nokuthuthuka okukhulu kwekhwalithi yesithombe, ezingeni lalokho amapulatifomu amaningi e-4K asevele enikeza imicimbi emikhulu yezemidlalo noma imikhiqizo ye-premium.
Lolu shintsho lobuchwepheshe aluhlose nje ukuthuthukisa ukucaca; luhlose futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-DTT ihlala iyi- ukwesekwa okuncintisanayo endaweni enokubonwayo nokuzwakalayo lapho ikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe ithathwa kalula.Amathelevishini amakhulu ane-resolution engu-4K noma ngaphezulu, i-HDR nomsindo ozungezile aseyinto evamile emakhaya amaningi, futhi ithelevishini eqondile ayinakukwazi ukuhlala inamathele ezimfanelweni ezibhekwa njengeziphansi uma ifuna ukugcina izilaleli ezifuna kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe nesidingo se-a umthethonqubo olinganiselayo olinganisa izibopho phakathi kwethelevishini esakazwa mahhala, amapulatifomu kanye nabanye abadlali bedijithali, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zokukhangisa, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kokukhiqizwa kweYurophu, ukuvikelwa kwezingane kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqukethwe.
Indima yomphakathi, ukwethembeka kanye nomsebenzi wokufundisa wethelevishini esakazwa mahhala
Ngaphandle kwenani lababukeli, ithelevishini yamahhala igcina isisindo esingokomfanekiso nesenhlalo kunzima kakhulu ukusishintshaNgokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Covid-19, yaba umthombo oyinhloko wolwazi nokuzijabulisa kwezakhamuzi, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwanda kwaze kwaba cishe amahora amane ngosuku ngomuntu ngamunye ngezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu zokuvalwa kwezwe.
Ngokusho kwe-Barometer on the Social Perception of Free-to-Air Television eqhutshwa yi-UTECA, ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo kanye ukusondelana nomphakathi oshaqekile Baqinise kakhulu ubuholi babo, ithonya labo, kanye nokwethenjwa kwabo kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka. Ithelevishini yayibhekwa njengesiteshi senkonzo yolwazi, esikwazi ukuchaza ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Association of Communication Directors (Dircom) zigcizelele ukuthi ithelevishini yezentengiselwano yamahhala isalokhu iyi- ithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokusebenzela izinhlobo kanye nokuxhumana komphakathiUMiguel López-Quesada, umongameli we-Dircom, ukhumbule ukuthi, ezinsukwini zokungaqiniseki okukhulu, izakhamuzi eziningi "zaziphinde zathola ithelevishini" njengendawo yokubhekisela kuyo ukuze ziqondiswe.
Kusukela ku-UTECA, umqondisi jikelele wayo, u-Emilio Lliteras, ugcizelela ukuthi “ithelevishini iyasihlanganisa” nokuthi le nyunyana isho ukuthi isibopho sokubuyisela ukwethembeka kombukeli Njengoba okuqukethwe kuhlobene kakhulu neqiniso, ukumbozwa kwezindaba okuqinile, ukuzijabulisa kwekhwalithi, kanye nokuvikela okusebenzayo kwezindinganiso ezabiwe, lo msebenzi "we-social glue" ungenye yezimpikiswano eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa yiziteshi zokusakaza mahhala ukuze ziveze indima yazo ohlelweni olusha lwe-ecosystem.
Idatha yakamuva isekela lokhu: lapho kwenzeka umcimbi omkhulu wezepolitiki, wezemidlalo, noma wezenhlalo, iningi lezwe lisaphendukela kuqala kuthelevishini yendabuko. Isibonelo sokubonakala kukaPedro Sánchez ngoJuni 12 siyabonisa: kwafinyelela ku- 61,1% ukwabelana kwesikriniNjengoba kunababukeli abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-4,8 kanye nabantu abaxhumana nabo abayizigidi ezingu-5,6, okuqinisekisa ukuthi uma kukhona into "ebaluleke ngempela", izilaleli eziningi zibuyela ekusakazeni bukhoma.
Ukukhangisa, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zedijithali
Emkhakheni wokukhangisa, ithelevishini esakazwa mahhala igcina isiphakamiso okunzima kakhulu ukusiphinda: ukufinyelela okukhulu, izindawo eziphephile, ukulawula okuqinile kokuhlela, ukulinganisa okuhloliwe kanye nefomethi enomthelela omkhulu njenge-prime time blocks, ukuxhaswa kwemicimbi emikhulu noma izenzo ezikhethekile ezibukhoma.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-InfoAdex lubonisa ukuthi ithelevishini iyaqhubeka nokuba yi- isikhungo sezindaba esihamba phambili ekutshalweni kwezimali kwezokukhangisaNjengoba cishe i-€1.857 billion ngo-2024 kanye nokukhula okungaphezu kuka-2%, kubalwa cishe u-30% wazo zonke izimali eziqashwe ngokucophelela. Naphezu kokuvela kweziteshi eziningi zedijithali, ayikho enye ipulatifomu yendabuko efinyelela isabelo esifanayo sesabelomali sokumaketha.
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, kwaba nokulungiswa okubukhali: izinkampani eziningi zamisa imikhankaso, kodwa ezinye zasebenzisa lesi simo ukuze ukuqinisa ukuba khona kwabo endaweni ababeyazi ukuthi igxilisa ukunaka kwezwe lonkeNjengoba u-Eduardo Olano, umongameli we-UTECA, esho, abakhangisi abayi-100 abaphambili babela cishe u-60% wokutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kuthelevishini, futhi phakathi nezinyanga eziyinselele kakhulu zika-2020, labo abahlala bematasa bathola amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okwaziwa komkhiqizo.
Esikhathini sangemva kwe-Covid, inselelo yeziteshi zokusakaza mahhala iwukuthi hlanganisa imodeli yokukhangisa ehlanganisa ukuthengiswa okukhulu kwama-GRP nezixazululo ezihlukanisiwe ku-CTV, idatha ethuthukisiwe, amafomethi ohlelo kanye nokusebenzisana, ngaphandle kokulahla izimiso zokucaca kanye nokulawula izilaleli eziye zasekela ukwethembeka kwayo kubakhangisi amashumi eminyaka.
Uhlobo olukhululekile, olujwayelekile, nolufinyeleleka kalula lwethelevishini esakazwa mahhala—ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezibalulekile zomnotho noma zobuchwepheshe—luyenza ibe impahla yamasu yezweNgesikhathi lapho ukuzijabulisa nolwazi oluningi lugxile ngemuva kwezindonga zokukhokha, ukuba khona kokunikezwa okunamandla kwe-audiovisual ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile kuyisakhamuzi kuyaqhubeka nokuba nesisindo esikhulu kwezepolitiki nakwezenhlalo.
Uma sibheka konke lokhu, isithombe esidwetshwe yilo lonke lolu lwazi sicacile: ithelevishini esakazwa mahhala kanye nethelevishini yomhlaba yedijithali ibhekene nezinselele ezisobala maqondana nezilaleli ezisencane, ukuhlukana, kanye nengcindezi yezomnotho, kodwa bayaqhubeka nokuhola ukufinyelela, ukusetshenziswa, ithonya, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokukhangisa, kanye nekhono lokudala ingxoxo yokuxhumana nabantuNgaphezu nje kokuba yindlela efayo, zifana nengqalasizinda ekuguqulweni okugcwele, ezihlanganisa ukusakaza, ukusakazwa bukhoma, idatha, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze zihlale zibalulekile eminyakeni ezayo.
