Izinhlamvu zemali bezilokhu ziyizinto zokushintshana, ukufisa, kanye nokuqoqwa kwabantu emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yokusungula kwazo, bezilokhu zibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni, kodwa futhi ziyisisombululo esigxekwe kakhulu ngabaningi. Kodwa-ke, njengephuzu elithakazelisayo, sizohlaziya ukuthi yiliphi izwe elinezinhlamvu zemali ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, kokubili ngokomlando kanye nokuthi yiliphi izwe elimelelayo namuhla.
I-Numismatics iyindlela yokuzilibazisa ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi bezinhlamvu zemali zakudala . Bazibheka njengezinto ezifiswayo futhi bahlala bevusa ilukuluku kubo bonke abaphatha lezi zingcezu zemali . Ezinye zazo zifinyelela inani elingenakulinganiswa, ezibhekwa njengezinhlamvu zemali zakudala noma lezo ezinezinkinga ezithile zokukhiqiza. Uma unesifiso sokuziphendukela kwazo, ungaphuthelwa imininingwane yokuthi ziye zadlula kanjani emlandweni.
Yavela kanjani imali endala kakhulu emlandweni?
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, imali isibe ngenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisungulwe abantu . Ukusungulwa kwayo kuthiwa kwakwenziwa ngabantu baseLydia ngekhulu lesi-7 BC . Le mpucuko yavela entshonalanga ye-Anatolia futhi yaba yisikhungo sokuhweba phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Baqala ukusebenzisa izinhlamvu zemali zesiliva negolide njengendlela yokushintshana, njengoba ukuhwebelana kwakuyindlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana ngaphambilini.
Eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokwethulwa kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwasakazeka ngokushesha kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yaseMedithera, bese kuba emhlabeni wonke. Kwakuyinto evamile kakhulu ukwenza lezi zinhlamvu zemali zifane nababusi noma amakhosi, njengophawu lwamandla nobukhosi. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwaba yindlela eyinhloko yokushintshana ngezimpahla phakathi kwabantu abanamandla bangaleso sikhathi. Kulabo abanesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngezinye zezinhlamvu zemali ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni , le nqubo yokwenza izinhlamvu zemali ibalulekile.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinhlamvu zemali zaseRoma ziphakathi kwezinto ezifunwa kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo ; ziyizinsalela zomlando zangempela, ikakhulukazi uma zinesithombe sikaJulius Caesar. Nakuba zingandala kakhulu, njengoba zakhiwe ngo-268 BC, zinenani elikhulu lomlando.
Uhlamvu lwemali oludala kunawo wonke emhlabeni "lweBhubesi laseLydian"
Ngokusho kocwaningo oluningi oluqinile, kuphethwe ngokuthi uhlamvu lwemali oludala kunawo wonke emhlabeni "yiNgonyama yaseLydia ." Lwakhethwa futhi lwakhiqizwa embusweni waseLydia eminyakeni engama-28 eyedlule, endaweni manje eyiTurkey.
Lolu hlamvu lwenziwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, njengegolide nesiliva, ezaziningi ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yezimayini zaseNtabeni iTmolus. Zazingezona eziyindilinga, kodwa zinomumo we-alimondi, futhi zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-4. Uma unesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngokuthi ungathengisa kuphi izinhlamvu zemali ezindala, lolu hlobo lwezingcezu lungaba yigugu kakhulu emakethe.
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu somklamo wayo yibhubesi elibhongayo elingenakuphikwa, okwenza ibe ekhethekile kakhulu kubaqoqi. Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isezandleni zabaqoqi, njengoba iboniswa kuphela eBritish Museum . Inani lobuso benhlamvu nalo alaziwa, kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingamelela umholo wenyanga.
Imali endala iphawundi sterling.
Namuhla, sinemali enomlando wayo. Yi- pound sterling , futhi ibilokhu isetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka. Yaqala ezwekazini laseYurophu futhi ivela egameni lesiLatini elithi "libra," elisho isisindo noma ibhalansi.
Igama layo lisuselwa egameni elithi ukwakhiwa elithi “libra pondo”, elisho “iphawundi yesisindo” , umuntu angathenga ngalo, isibonelo, ikhanda lezinkomo ngonyaka ka-980, ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ethelred II. Lokhu kuxhumana nento ebonakalayo enenani kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuvela kwezinhlamvu zemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ezinye izinhlamvu zemali zasendulo ezaziqashelwa emlandweni
Ziningi ezinye izinhlamvu zemali zasendulo ezazisetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhwebelana. Eziningi zazo aziqoqwa ngabaqoqi, kodwa zisezandleni zamagugu omlando.
Uhlamvu lwemali lwase-Athene
Lolu hlamvu lwemali lubhekwa njengolunye lwezinhlamvu ezindala kakhulu. Lwakhiwe cishe ngo- 450 BC futhi lwaqala e-Athene yasendulo. Umklamo walo uhlukile kakhulu, ubonisa isikhova, uphawu lukankulunkulukazi u-Athena, umvikeli womuzi.
Inani eliqondile lale nhlamvu yesiliva alaziwa, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi liphethwe ngumqoqi futhi libe nenani elingenakubalwa. Njengamanje, liboniswa eNumismatic Museum of Athens , lapho libhekwa njengezinto ezibalulekile zomqoqi.
Izinhlamvu zemali zamaNdiya
Lezi zinhlamvu zemali zisukela ekhulwini lesi-6 BC kuqhubeke. Zinesimo esingajwayelekile, zenziwe ngezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zigxivizwe kanti ezinye azinazo. Zazisetshenziswa njengemali, hhayi nguhulumeni, kodwa ngabathengisi nabaphathi bamabhange. Inani lazo empeleni lalingenalo inani eliqondile; kunalokho, lahlukahluka kuye ngobuqotho bomuntu oziqinisekisayo. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngomlando walezi zinhlamvu zemali, kunezinsiza ezitholakalayo ezinikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuhlanza nokulondoloza izinhlamvu zemali zasendulo .
Imali yaseShayina, “Ying Yuan”
Olympus DIGITAL CAMERA
Lolu hlu lwemali lwasendulo, oluvela esifundeni saseHenan eShayina, lungabuye lwaqala cishe ngekhulu lesi-6 noma lesi-5 BC. Kanye nohlamvu lwemali lwengonyama yaseLydia, lungabhekwa njengolunye lwezindala kakhulu. Lunesimo esihlukile, njengoba lwenziwe ngezingcezu ezincane zegolide, ubukhulu obungu-3 kuya ku-5 mm, olunezimpawu eziyisikwele noma eziyindilinga ezibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezahlukene. Ukuba khona kwalo kusanda kutholwa, ngo-2021, futhi kusacwaningwa.
Ukubonakala kwamanothi kuwo wonke umlando
Ama-banknote nawo ashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kokuqala okwaziwayo kuqalela eShayina yekhulu lesi-7, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuthi athola ukuvelela eYurophu eSweden yekhulu le-17 , ngenxa yomshintshi wemali uJohan Palmstruch. Wawasebenzisa njengerisidi kanye ne-debit yokufakwa kwemali emabhange. ESpain, awazange avele kwaze kwaba sekubuseni kukaCharles III ngo-1780.
Njengamanje, sithembele ezinhlamvu zemali kanye nemali yamaphepha, kodwa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali , izinsuku zabo sezibaliwe. Konke kusikisela ukuthi ubhubhane lusheshise lo mkhuba, ngamakhadi esikweletu kanye nezinkokhelo zeselula ezivame kakhulu.
