Imililo yasendle ePatagonia yase-Argentina iphinde yaphakamisa izixwayiso ekuqaleni kuka-2026, lapho izinkulungwane zamahektha amahlathi nomhlaba wezolimo uchithwe, ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yokuvimbela, kanye nokuthunyelwa njalo kwabacimi bomlilo nezindiza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesomiso esiqhubekayo, ukushisa okukhulu, umoya, kanye nemikhuba yabantu eyingozi kubeke lesi sifunda esimweni esibucayi kakhulu.
Kulesi simo, izinhlangano ezisemthethweni, iziphathimandla zesifundazwe kanye nezinhlangano zemvelo ziyavumelana ngokutholakala kwezifo okucacile: umlilo awuseyona isenzakalo sasehlobo esiyingqayizivele, kodwa usongo oluphindaphindayo olubhebhethekiswa yinkinga yesimo sezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsiza ezanele zokuvimbela nokulwa nokuqubuka kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi.
Imililo engaphezu kwamahekthare angu-4.000 eshile futhi ivutha ePatagonia
Ngokusho kwemibiko esemthethweni ehlanganiswe yizikhungo ezahlukene zesifundazwe nezesizwe , kusukela maphakathi noDisemba ukuqubuka okukhulu kwamahlathi ase-Andean-Patagonian kuye kwagxila esifundazweni saseChubut nasezindaweni ezivikelwe zaseSanta Cruz, lapho kuthinteke khona amahektha angaphezu kuka-4.000, okuhlanganisa amahlathi, amakhaya nezindawo ezikhiqizayo.
E-Chubut, kubikwe imililo ePuerto Patriada (El Hoyo), e-El Turbio, e-Cholila, e-Villa Lago Rivadavia, e-Epuyén, nase-Los Alerces National Park . Imililo e-El Turbio nase-Puerto Patriada yayiphakathi kwaleyo enezindawo ezishile kakhulu, kanti e-Los Alerces umlilo waqhubeka ikakhulukazi endaweni yeLake Menéndez , okwaphoqa ukuvalwa kwengxenye ye-Route 71 kanye nokuthuthwa kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo nabakhempi.
Esifundazweni saseSanta Cruz , umlilo obaluleke kakhulu utholakala eLos Glaciares National Park, eHuemul Hill , lapho umlilo usuvele udle amakhulu amahektha ehlathi lendabuko futhi waphoqa izivakashi eziningi ukuba ziphume. Abacishi bomlilo abavela kwiNational Parks Service kanye neProvincial Agrarian Council basebenza lapho, besekelwa yizindiza eziqhumisa amabhomu amanzi ezivela kwiNational Fire Management Service.
Kwezinye izingxenye zesifunda sase-Andean, njengeLanín National Park (indawo yaseLago Hermoso) kanye neBariloche , kubikwe imililo emincane kodwa yavinjelwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, iziphathimandla ziyaqhubeka nokuqapha umlotha kanye nokuqapha njalo ngenxa yengozi yokuqhuma okubangelwa umoya kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ubukhulu besizini abulinganiswa kuphela yizindawo ezishisayo zamanje: I-Greenpeace ilinganisele ukuthi ehlobo eledlule cishe amahektha angu-32.000 amahlathi ase-Andean-Patagonian ashisiwe , okwandisa indawo yesizini edlule kane futhi okwenza kube esinye sezigameko zomlilo ezimbi kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kule ndawo ezungezile.
IPuerto Patriada, i-Epuyén kanye neSifunda sase-Andean ngaphansi kwengcindezi enamandla
Elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulesi sizini yiPuerto Patriada, indawo yezivakashi eduze kwedolobha lase-El Hoyo , eSifundeni sase-Andean esiku-42nd parallel. Umlilo uqale ngoMsombuluko ntambama ngenxa yokugcwala okukhulu kwezivakashi, futhi ngokusho kweziphathimandla zesifundazwe, wasakazeka ngokushesha ngenxa yomoya kanye nomswakama ophansi.
Umlilo uphoqe ukuvalwa kwemigwaqo yokufinyelela endaweni, ukususwa kwabantu ezindaweni zokukhempa, izakhamuzi, kanye nezivakashi , kanye nokusebenza kwezinqubo eziphuthumayo ezindaweni ezahlukene eziseduze, njengeRincón del Lobo kanye ne-El Sauzal. Umasipala wase-Epuyén waqala ukususwa kwabantu ezindaweni ezifana nendawo yokukhempa ethi "La Playita" kanye nomakhelwane wase-Angostura , futhi waxwayisa izakhamuzi ngezindawo ezizungezile ukuthi zihlale zilungele izixwayiso ezengeziwe.
Ukuthunyelwa kwabasebenzi kubandakanya abacimi bomlilo abangaphezu kwekhulu , abacimi bomlilo abazithandelayo, kanye namasosha okuphepha , asekelwa yizindiza eziqhumisa amabhomu emanzini, izindiza ezihlala emanzini, kanye nendiza enophephela emhlane enebhakede lamanzi. Ukuba khona kombusi waseChubut endaweni kukhombisa ubucayi besimo, lapho kuye kwabikwa khona ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwemizi nezimoto emahoreni ambalwa.
Iziphathimandla zesifundazwe ziqinisekisile ukuthi, okungenani kweminye yemililo eyenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ethinta iChubut, izinkantolo ziyaphenya ukuthi ngabe yashiswa ngamabomu yini . Engqungqutheleni yabezindaba, kwachazwa kabanzi ukuthi imililo emibili kwemihlanu ehlaziyiwe ibonakala iqalwe ngamabomu ezindaweni eziqavile futhi ngezikhathi ezibucayi, okwandisa ukunganeliseki komphakathi ngalolu hlobo lokuziphatha.
Isimo esifundeni sase-Andean siyinkimbinkimbi ngokuba khona kwezindawo ezixhumanisayo, lapho izindawo ezinamahlathi zihlangana khona nezindlu kanye nentuthuko yezivakashi . Lolu hlobo lwendawo lwandisa ingozi kubantu futhi lwandisa imizamo yokuvikela ingqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa ukuvala imigwaqo nokubeka izikhungo zokuphuma kwabantu ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca nasezikoleni.
Ingozi enkulu: isimo sezulu esomile, umoya, kanye nenkinga yesimo sezulu
Isimo sezulu asishiyi isikhala esikhulu sokuba nethemba. I -National Meteorological Service kanye ne -National Fire Management Service bamemezele ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yePatagonia kanye ne-Argentina ephakathi "isengozini enkulu" yemililo yasendle , enamazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama ophansi kakhulu, imimoya enamandla, kanye nokuntuleka kwemvula okukhulu.
Ukuze kuhlolwe ingozi, kusetshenziswa i -Fire Weather Index (FWI) , uhlelo lokubhekisela lwamazwe ngamazwe olubalwa nsuku zonke kusukela ekushiseni, umswakama, umoya, kanye nedatha yemvula kusukela emahoreni angama-24 adlule. Lapho lesi sibonakaliso sikhuphuka, iziphathimandla zibheka isimo "esingaba siqhuma kakhulu noma esibucayi kakhulu" ntambama, isikhathi esibucayi kakhulu sosuku.
Entshonalanga yePatagonia, amashumi eminyaka emvula engaphansi kwesilinganiso ishiye izindawo zemvelo zisengozini enkulu, ezinezitshalo ezicindezelekile kanye nenani elikhulu likaphethiloli owomile oqongelelekile. Izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye nochwepheshe sebekhuluma kakade ngamahlathi abhekene nokucindezeleka kwamanzi okungavamile , okwenza kube lula nganoma iyiphi inhlansi ukuba ivuthele umlilo okunzima ukuwulawula.
Ochwepheshe besimo sezulu baxwayisa ngokuthi amagagasi okushisa azokwanda futhi aqhubeke isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo, futhi amaphethini emvula angajwayelekile . Empeleni, lokhu kusho izinkathi zomlilo ezinde nezinamandla kakhulu, kanti ingozi yomlilo idlula izinyanga zasehlobo ezivamile.
Lesi simo siqiniswa ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezingavamile njengezihlahla zikaphayini , okuthi, ngokusho kukaGreenpeace nabanye abalingisi, kwandise ukusha kwezwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zemvelo futhi kwenze imisebenzi yokuphatha uphethiloli wehlathi ibe nzima.
Indima yesenzo somuntu kanye nengcindezi ezinsizeni
Ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu, idatha iyavuma ukuthi cishe u-95% wemililo yamahlathi ibangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu , kungaba ngenxa yobudedengu, izingozi, noma ukushisa. Imililo yasekamu ecinywe ngendlela engafanele, ama-barbecue ezindaweni ezingagunyaziwe, izinqamu zikagwayi, ukushiswa kwemfucumfucu yamahlathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa komlilo ukuhlanza amadlelo kuphakathi kwezimbangela eziphindaphindayo.
Ukuphendula lesi simo, iziphathimandla ezindaweni ezahlukene ziye zamukela imithetho eqinile yokubasa imililo ngaphandle ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, ezintabeni, ogwini lomfula kanye nasogwini lwamachibi, emizileni, nakwezinye izindawo zemvelo ngaphandle kwemvume ethile. Ohulumeni bezifundazwe baxwayise ngokuthi, ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo mayelana nemililo yasendle, ukubasa imililo ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe kungabangela izinhlawulo ezinkulu kanye namacala obugebengu.
I-National Parks Administration, yona, iqinise izinhlawulo kulabo abaphula imithetho ezindaweni ezivikelwe, yakhuphula kakhulu izinhlawulo ezincane zokwephulwa kwemithetho ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuziphatha okuyingozi. Emapaki afana neNahuel Huapi, izivakashi zibanjwe zishisa izimila futhi zikhempa ngokungemthetho ezindaweni ezibucayi, naphezu kwesimo sepaki esibucayi kakhulu.
Okwamanje, izisebenzi zeNational Parks uqobo zibike ukuthi inani labacishi bomlilo abatholakalayo alanele . Balinganisela ukuthi kunabantu ababalelwa ku-400 ukumboza cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezi-5 ngaphansi kombuso kazwelonke, kuyilapho okungenani okudingekayo kufanele kube abacishi bomlilo ababalelwa ku-700, singabali ukwesekwa okwengeziwe okunikezwa izifundazwe.
Izinhlangano zezemvelo ziqokomisa nokwehliswa kwesabelomali esabelwe uMthetho Wezamahlathi kanye neSikhwama Sikazwelonke Sokuphathwa Komlilo . Zisola lokhu kwehliswa njengokunciphisa amandla ohulumeni basekhaya okulawula ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokungemthetho, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvimbela, kanye nokugcina imisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo ngezikhathi zomlilo ezinde.
Izexwayiso, imikhawulo kanye neziteshi eziphuthumayo zabantu
Njengoba kunengozi enkulu, iziphathimandla zicela ukubambisana okusebenzayo kwezakhamuzi nezivakashi . Iseluleko esijwayelekile ukugwema noma yiziphi izinhlansi ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezintabeni nokubika ngokushesha noma yimiphi imililo yentuthu noma imililo eqalayo ukuze kuvunyelwe impendulo esheshayo.
Ezifundazweni ezifana neRío Negro, iChubut, iNeuquén, neSanta Cruz , imikhankaso yokuxhumana iye yaqiniswa, futhi izakhamuzi zihlala zikhunjuzwa ngezinombolo eziphuthumayo okufanele zishayele uma zibona umlilo. Izinombolo zosizo zokuvikela umphakathi zamahhala, izikhungo ezizinikele ze-Forest Fire Prevention and Control Service (SPLIF), kanye nezinombolo zomlilo ezivamile kanye namaphoyisa zisebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku.
Imithetho yamanje ibeka ukuthi, ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo somlilo, imililo ayivunyelwe emahlathini, emizileni, emahlathini, emabhange emifula nasemagwini echibi, emabhishi emvelo, nasezindaweni zomphakathi ezingagunyaziwe . Okuhlukile kukhawulelwe ezindaweni ezivalekile nezivikelekile, njengezindawo ze-braai ezimboziwe noma izikhungo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile, kanye nasezindaweni zokukhempa ezinemithetho yazo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-National Parks.
Ngaphezu kwemikhawulo, imfundo yezemvelo iyakhuthazwa phakathi kwezakhamuzi nezivakashi, kugcizelelwa imikhuba elula kodwa ebalulekile: ukungalahli izinqamu zikagwayi phansi, ukugwema ukushisa imfucuza, ukuhlonipha imiyalelo yabalindi bepaki namalungu eqembu, nokuhlala unolwazi ngemibiko esemthethweni ngaphambi kokufinyelela ezindaweni eziyingozi.
Empeleni, ukubambisana kwezakhamuzi kungenza umehluko phakathi komlilo ovinjiwe ngesikhathi kanye nomlilo ongalawuleki. Yingakho imikhankaso ehlukahlukene igcizelela ukuthi njalo uma kushayelwa izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo kusenesikhathi kusiza ekuvikeleni amahlathi, izilwane zasendle zesifunda , amakhaya, kanye nokuphila kwabantu.
Izinselele zezenhlalo, izimfuno zezepolitiki kanye nokuphathwa
Ukwanda kwemililo yasendle ePatagonia kuholele nasekucindezelweni komphakathi kanye nasezingxoxweni zezepolitiki mayelana nendlela amahlathi aphathwa ngayo nokuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezabelwe ukuvikela kwawo. Izinhlangano ezifana neGreenpeace zifuna ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekuvimbeleni okuvela kohulumeni bakazwelonke kanye nezifundazwe, okuhlanganisa abacishi bomlilo abengeziwe, ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, kanye nezijeziso ezisebenzayo kulabo ababhubhisa ngamabomu izindawo zamahlathi.
Phakathi kweziphakamiso ezibekwe phambili kukhona izinhlawulo ezithile zokugawulwa kwamahlathi , ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi nama-drones, ukuhlela indawo ukuvimbela izindawo zokuhlala ezintsha ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwemvelo ezindaweni ezonakaliswe ngumlilo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwethulwa izinhlelo zomthetho zokumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo sezemvelo, ezomnotho kanye nezindlu ezifundazweni zasePatagonian ezithinteke kakhulu, okuhloswe ngazo ukusheshisa izinsiza kanye nezinyathelo zokusekela imiphakathi ethintwe yimililo, kusukela emindenini elahlekelwe yimizi yayo kuya emikhakheni ekhiqizayo eyonakele.
Inkinga yesimo sezulu yomhlaba wonke ihlinzeka ngesizinda salezi zingxoxo. Umphakathi wesayensi ukhomba ukuthi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa okukhulu kokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuzivumelanisa nezimo, izigameko ezifana nalezo ezithinta iPatagonia njengamanje zizovame ukuba ziningi futhi zibe namandla.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa komlilo akusagcini ekusebenzeni okuthile kwehlobo ngalinye: kuthathwa njengengxenye yesu lesikhathi eside elihlanganisa izinqubomgomo zemvelo, ukuphathwa komhlaba, imfundo kanye nokuqinisa izikhungo , kanye nokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo kwemiphakathi yasendaweni.
Okwenzekayo emahlathini asePatagonia kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi inhlanganisela yesomiso, ukushisa, umoya, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu ingaguqula kanjani izindawo ezidumile zibe yizigcawu zentuthu nomlotha. Amahektha acekelwe phansi, ukuthuthwa kwabantu ezindaweni ezifana nePuerto Patriada neLos Glaciares, ukucindezeleka kwabacishi bomlilo kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, kanye nezidingo zokuvimbela okwengeziwe kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kubonisa ukuthi inkinga yemililo yamahlathi idlula kakhulu umcimbi wesizini: kuyinselele yesakhiwo edinga izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni esisebenzisana ngayo namahlathi kanye nendlela esilungiselela ngayo isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
