I-Las Iziyalo zenkolo yobuKristu baye bawuphawula ngokujulile umlando weBandla kanye namasiko aseNtshonalanga kanye umlando we-monasticism yobuKristu.
Kude kube yinto yesikhathi esedlule, eziningi zalezi imiphakathi ezahlukaniselwe ihlala isebenzaBazivumelanisa nezinselele zamanje, basekela amapherishi, izikole, izibhedlela, imishini kanye nezikhungo zemfundo. Okulandelayo, sizohlola, ngomoya ophansi nangemininingwane, ukuthi iyini izimiso zenkolo, zavela kanjani, kungani ziye zavela eziningi kangaka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, futhi yiziphi ezinethonya elikhulu, ngokombono womlando, wezinombolo, nongokomoya.
Kungani kwavela iziyalezo zenkolo eziningi kangaka ngeNkathi Ephakathi?
Ukuze uqonde imephu yamanje yama-oda, kubalulekile ukucaca ukuthi ngeNkathi Ephakathi babehlala imijikelezo yezinguquko nokuphumula ngaphakathi kwempilo yezindela. Izikhathi zobumpofu obukhulu, ukuqina kanye nomthandazo zanikeza, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezigabeni lapho izindela eziningi zaqongelela khona ingcebo, amandla ezindawo kanye nethonya lezombangazwe.
Kulowo mongo, amaKristu amaningi anobizo lweqiniso lobungcwele azizwa ephuthuma ukuba buyela emisukaUkubuyisa ubumpofu, ukuba uwedwa, ukuzisola, nokuphila okugxile emthandazweni, kude nokunethezeka nezingobe zamandla. Kusukela kulezi zinhlelo, ezivame ukuqalwa ngamadoda noma abesifazane abambalwa ezindaweni ezikude, kwazalwa imiyalo emisha noma ukuguqulwa kwemithetho emidala.
Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu ye- izisekelo zenkathi ephakathi Angafundwa njengokunyakaza kokubuyela esimweni sakudala sikaSaint Benedict noma abanye obaba benkolo yezindela: izinto ezimbalwa, ukuzindla okwengeziwe; ukunciphisa ukuvelela emphakathini, ukufuna uNkulunkulu okwengeziwe; amaholo ambalwa avikelekile, ukuthembela okwengeziwe ku-Providence.
I-Cluny, i-Cistercians kanye nezinguquko ze-monastic
Phakathi kwemiyalo eyaba nomthelela omkhulu phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi Ephakeme, okulandelayo kuyagqama: AmaCluniacs namaCisterciansZombili zisuka esikweni lama-Benedictine, kodwa zimelela izikhathi ezihlukene kulokho emuva naphambili phakathi kwamandla nenguquko.
U-Cluny wakhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwempilo yezindela, eqinisa izinkonzo ezingcwele kanye nezinkonzo izingxenye zenqwaba nokuncika kwayo ngokuqondile kuPapa, okwamnika udumo olukhulu neminikelo echichimayo. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela lobo bukhulu izindela ezinkulu nezinabantu abaningi, nabo bonke ubungozi bonxiwankulu obekushiwo yilokhu.
Ephendula, abakwaCistercians (Cister), kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-11, bafuna a buyela ekuhluzekeniIzindela ezisezindaweni ezikude, amabhilidi anzima, umsebenzi wezandla onzima, ubumpofu obuqinile, kanye nezinkonzo ezihlotshiswe kancane. Lokhu kuguqulwa kweCistercian, okunezibalo ezifana noSaint Bernard waseClairvaux, kube nomthelela omkhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
I-Carthusian Order: ukuba wedwa okwedlulele nokuthula
Enye yezimpendulo ezinamandla kakhulu ekusesheni ubulukhuni kwaba I-Order of the CarthusiansEgqugquzelwe nguSaint Bruno ekupheleni kwekhulu le-11, uBruno wafuna indawo ebandayo, enokhahlo, nengasese ngokwanele ukuze adumaze noma ubani ngaphandle kobizo olunzima, futhi waqale wayithola eGrande Chartreuse e-French Alps.
Kamuva wacabanga ukuthi indawo yayisafinyeleleka kakhulu futhi wakhetha ukuhlehla ngisho nangaphezulu, waya endaweni eseduze I-Squillace, eningizimu ye-Italylapho isimo sezulu esomile nelanga elishubile kwenza ukuphila kwaba nzima kunasesigodini sase-alpine. Umqondo wawuwukuthi yilabo kuphela abazinikele ngempela ekuphendukeni nasemthandazweni ababeyophikelela.
Imithethosisekelo yaseCarthusian ibeke inani elincane kakhulu lezenkolo indlu ngayinye: izindela zamakhwaya eziyishumi nambili, abazalwane abayishumi nesithupha labanye abalimi labelusi bemisebenzi yangaphandle. Lokhu bekuhloselwe ukugwema izixuku ezinkulu ezijwayelekile zaseCluny nokugcina ukuthula.
E-Charterhouse, i- Ubumpofu bomuntu siqu kwakufanele buphelele.ngempilo ephawulwa ngokuba wedwa, ukuba sodwa, ukuzithiba ngokuphelele enyameni, kanye nesiyalo esicishe siqhubeke sokuthula. Le modeli enzima kakhulu isasekhona kuze kube yilolu suku ngokuhlonishwa okukhulu ngokomoya, nakuba inenani elilinganiselwe lemisebenzi ngenxa yemvelo yayo eqinile.
AmaFranciscas: ubumpofu obujabulisayo nokusondelana nabantu
Ngokudlulela ekhulwini le-13, kuvela intuthuko entsha: i imiyalo ye-mendican yasemadolobheniUmuntu wokuqala omkhulu nguSaint Francis wase-Assisi, umsunguli we-Order of Friars Minor (OFM). Isiphakamiso sakhe kwakungekona nje ukuphila ngobumpofu, kodwa ukwamukela ubumpofu umthombo wenjabulo kanye nenkululeko yangaphakathi.
Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlangano zenkathi ephakathi zibheka ubumpofu njenge ukuzisola noma ukuvikeleka esonweniUFrancis wakubona njengendlela yokuzihlanganisa noKristu ompofu. Wayethemba ukuthi uNkulunkulu unikeza okudingekayo futhi, ngakho-ke, umfundisi waseFrancisca angaphila ngaphandle kokuvikeleka ngokwezimali, avuleleke ekuhlinzekeni.
I-Francisca ekahle nayo imakwe yi- uthando kwabanye kanye nendaloUkusondela kwabampofu, ukunakekela abagulayo, ubuzalwane bomhlaba wonke, kanye nokubuka imvelo ngokubonga. Kusukela ekugqugquzeleni kwayo kwavela amagatsha amathathu amakhulu: I-First Order (ama-friars), eyesibili (i-Poor Clares, igatsha lesifazane elasungulwa I-Saint Clare yase-Assisi) kanye nelesithathu (abantu abaphendukayo nabazinikele).
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-First Order yahlukana yaba oqaphelayo, wezindela kanye ne-capuchinKwakunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokugcinwa komthetho kanye nokuhlelwa kokuphila. Naphezu kwalokhu kwehlukana kwangaphakathi, isiyaluyalu samaFrancisca sasakazeka ngokushesha futhi ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi saba ngomunye wemiyalo emikhulu yenkolo.
AmaFranciscas eMelika, ikakhulukazi eMexico
UHlelo lwabaFrari abancane lwafika Mexico ngo-1524ngokuba isikhungo sezenkolo sokuqala esasungulwa lapho. Umsebenzi wawo wawugxile ekushumayeleni ivangeli nasekufundiseni abantu bomdabu, kusetshenziswa isu elizinhlangothi ezimbili: Ikhathekhisi yobuKristu ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye ukuqeqeshwa kwezilimi namasiko (ukufundisa uhlelo lolimi nolimi) ngomunye.
Basungula izindela namakolishi emadolobheni anabantu abaningi, kodwa futhi ohambweni ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasezindaweni ezikudeNgale ndlela, ukuba khona kwawo kwasabalala ingxenye enkulu yendawo manje ebizwa ngokuthi iMexico kanye nengxenye eseningizimu yendawo manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-United States, bezihlela zaba izifundazwe ezingokwenkolo.
Ezweni likaFrancisca laseNew Spain, kwakunamagatsha amaningana: Abaqapheli (igatsha elikhulu), abaDiscalced (abafika ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16) kanye namaRecollects. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kwadalwa: Apostolic Colleges of Propaganda Fide, izikhungo zokuqeqesha izithunywa zevangeli ezizimele ngaphandle kwezifundazwe, ezixhumene ngokuqondile neRoma.
AbakwaFrancisca babeka ukubaluleka okukhulu kulo mdlalo imitapo yolwazi yezindelaI-Convent edumile yase-San Francisco e-Mexico City yayiphawuleka ngeqoqo layo elibanzi lomtapo wolwazi, elihlonzwe ngezimpawu zophawu emigogodleni yezincwadi zayo. Ezinye izikhungo eziningi zalandela imodeli efanayo, futhi namuhla ingxenye enkulu yalawo magugu iyingxenye yemitapo yolwazi yomlando.
AmaDominican: Uhlelo lwabashumayeli
Cishe ngasikhathi sinye noSaint Francis, u-Saint Dominic wasungula i- Uhlelo lwabashumayeli (OP), eyaziwa ngokuthi amaDominican. Kubuye kube uhlelo lwe-mendican, kodwa ngokugcizelela okunamandla kakhulu ekutadisheni nasekushumayeleni ukuze kuvikelwe ukholo ezimfundisweni zesikhathi sabo, ezinjengobuCathari eningizimu yeFrance.
UDomingo, owazalelwa eCaleruega (Burgos) cishe ngo-1170, wathola a ukuqeqeshwa okuqinile kwezemfundo Wafunda esikoleni sesonto lasePalencia futhi wayenguhlu lwezincwadi ze-Osma. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwezithunywa zevangeli phakathi kwama-Albigensia kwamqinisekisa ukuthi kwakudingeka umkhaya omusha ongokwenkolo: usondelene nabantu, uphila kanzima, futhi ulungele ukuhlakanipha ukumemezela nokuchaza imfundiso yamaKatolika.
Ngo-1215 wacela kuPapa imvume yokuthola umyalo wakhe, owavunywa u-Honorius III ngo-1216. Ngokufa kukaDominic ngo-1221, kwase kunezindela ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha. Isiqubulo saseDominican, “Dumisani, busisani, futhi nishumayele”Ifingqa kahle inhloso yayo: impilo yomphakathi yokukhuleka, ukufunda okuqinile kwezenkolo, nokushumayela okujikelezayo.
Ubukhona beDominican eNew Spain
Kwafika amaDominicans ISpain entsha ngo-1526Bafika eVeracruz. Abasunguli abathathu abakhulu lapho kwakunguFriar Domingo de Betanzos, uFriar Gonzalo Lucero, noFriar Vicente de las Casas. Kusukela ngo-1528 kuqhubeke, baqala ukunwetshwa eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico (iDolobha laseMexico, iMorelos, iPuebla), isifunda saseMixteca, nesifunda saseZapotec.
Ukuphumelela komsebenzi wakhe wezithunywa zevangeli kwaholela ekudalweni kwe Isifundazwe saseSantiago de México Ngo-1534, isifundazwe saseSan Hipólito sasungulwa esifundeni sase-Oaxaca, kwathi ngo-1656, kwasungulwa isifundazwe saseSan Miguel naseSantos Ángeles, esizinze esigodlweni sezindela saseSanto Domingo ePuebla. Babenomsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zezindelakazi, eziningi zazo... Isitayela se-Baroqueesengavakashelwa nanamuhla.
AbaseDominican bazihlukanisa ngomsebenzi wabo phakathi abantu bomdabu nangokuhlanganyela kwabo ekufundiseni, ekushumayeleni nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zezindelakazi, eziningi zazo ezingavakashelwa futhi zinikeze ubufakazi ngethonya lazo lenkolo namasiko.
I-Mendicant Orders kanye Noshintsho Lomphakathi Ku-Late Middle Ages
AmaFranciscas namaDominicans, ngokungafani namaCluniacs noma amaCistercians, Babengahlali becashile ezingwadule noma izintaba ezingazodwa, kodwa kunalokho bakha izindlu zabo zezindela phakathi kwamadolobha. Ukuba khona kwabo kwansuku zonke emigwaqweni, ezigcawini, nasezindlini zabantu kwaguqula indlela okwakuphilwa ngayo ukukholwa ngeNkathi Ephakathi; umsebenzi wabo wawuhambisana namabandla amakhulu futhi amasonto ababhishobhi, okwakuyizikhungo zasemadolobheni ezibalulekile.
Laba bazalwane babedabula izindawo ezingomakhelwane, beshumayela ezigcawini, bevakashela imindeni futhi behileleke emigwaqweni imikhosi ethandwayoIsibonelo sakhe sobumpofu nokungeneka kwakhe kwaba nomthelela ekuvuseleleni ingokomoya lasemadolobheni, ukuqinisa impilo yesakramente, nokulwa nokuphambuka kwezimfundiso ngokuncenga nokufundisa.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iYurophu yabhekana ne-a ukukhula kwedolobha okubalulekileAmadolobha athola ukubaluleka uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zasemaphandleni, futhi ama-mendican friaries, kanye nama-cathedral namanyuvesi asanda kuzalwa, aba izikhungo zokucabanga nezobuciko. Izindela zasemaphandleni ezindala zanikeza ukuvelela kulezi zikhungo ezintsha.
Emkhakheni wezobuciko, lolu shintsho lubonakala ekushintsheni komfanekiso we-Romanesque kuya ku-a Ukwakhiwa kweGothic Imvelo eyengeziwe, lapho ukubhekwa kwemvelo kanye nesimo somuntu kuzuza ukubaluleka. Ama-cathedral nama-monastery angama-mendican ayeyizindawo zokucwaninga zangempela zalolu limi olusha lwezakhiwo noluqoshiwe.
AmaJesuit: ubuhlakani, izimishini kanye ne-pedagogy
Ngekhulu le-16, kwavela isizukulwane esisha semiphakathi: imiyalo ye abefundisi abavamileivumelana nezimo kakhulu kunemiyalo yakudala yezindela. I-Society of Jesus, eyasungulwa uSt. Ignatius waseLoyola futhi yavunyelwa uPaul III ngo-1540, yaba nethonya elikhulu kunawo wonke kuwo.
Afika amaJesuit Mexico ngo-1572 ngezinjongo ezimbaxambili: izimishini nokufundisa. Ngokushesha baqala ukwakha izindlu zokubunjwa lapho kufundiswa khona izincwadi, ifilosofi, nemfundiso yenkolo. Ngo-1586 basungula iKholeji laseSan Gregorio labantwana bomdabu, futhi kamuva bathuthukisa amakolishi amaningana abafundi basemini.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa usabalale kulo lonke elaseNew Spain: ngo IPuebla yavula izikole zamaNdiya namaCreolesBeqhutshwa abantu abanjengoBaba u-Antonio de Rincón, wozalo lwaseTexcocan, benza umsebenzi omkhulu wezithunywa zevangeli enyakatho ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17: phakathi kwamaTepehuane, amaTarahumara, amaYaquis, amaCoras, nezinye izizwe.
Omunye wamagalelo akhe amakhulu kwaba wukufunda kwe izilimi zomdabuukukhiqiza izinhlelo zolimi, amagama, nezintshumayelo ngezinye izilimi zomdabu ezingamashumi amathathu. Nokho, ngo-1767 baxoshwa ezindaweni zaseSpain ngomyalo kaCharles III futhi kamuva bacindezelwa uPapa Clement XIV ngo-1773. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1814 lapho uPius VII abuyisela khona iNhlangano KaJesu emhlabeni wonke.
Ama-Augustinians: umphakathi, i-mission kanye ne-Christian Humanism
I-Order of Saint Augustine (OSA) yasungulwa ngokomthetho ngekhulu le-13, lapho uPapa Innocent IV ehlanganisa ndawonye izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. imiphakathi yaseTuscan hermits futhi ibanika isakhiwo esivamile. Babizwa ngokuthi ama-Augustinian ngoba balandela uMthetho kaSt Augustine waseHippo, obuye ugqugquzele amanye ama-oda afana namaDominicans namaHieronymites.
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lohambo olukhulu lwaseSpain nasePortugal, ama-Augustinians abhekana neqiniso isithunywa sevangeli "intwasahlobo yesibili"ENew Spain, ukufika kwabo kwaqala ngo-1533, ngemva nje kwamaFranciscans namaDominicans. Ngokushesha bazimisa kuqala eduze nenhloko-dolobha futhi, ukusuka lapho, basakazekela ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.
Indlela yakhe yokuvangela yachazwa yingxenye eqinile ye I-Humanism yobuKristuBabebheka imfundo ebalulekile yomuntu njengengenakuhlukaniswa nokwakheka okholweni. Bashumayela beqiniseka ngokuthi isibonelo sokuphila kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu sasibaluleke ngaphezu kwezingxabano eziyinkulungwane, futhi babonisa ukuqiniseka okuphawulekayo emandleni angokomoya abantu bomdabu, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuvuma ukuthi abanye bahlelwe ngendlela yabo.
Ama-Augustinians afunda okuningi izilimi zomdabu (Nahuatl, Otomi, Tarascan, Huastec, Pirinda, Totonac, Mixtec, Chichimeca isiko(I-Tlapaneca, i-Ocuilteca, njll.), ithuthukisa amakhathekizimu nezindlela ezivumelaniswe nesifunda ngasinye. Ngaphezu kokushumayela ivangeli, bafundisa ezolimo, umsebenzi wokwakha, ukufunda, ukubhala nokucula.
Njengeminye imiyalo, babhekana nokungezwani phakathi kwamaCreoles namaPeninsular ngohulumeni wezifundazwe futhi babekezelela ukuhlukaniswa kwenkolo kwekhulu le-18 kanye nemithetho ephikisana ne-ecclesiastical yekhulu le-19okwaphoqelela ukuvalwa kwezindela eziningi futhi kwanciphisa kakhulu inani lezenkolo.
AmaKarmeli namaKarmeli Ahlakaziwe: imfihlakalo kanye nogwadule lwangaphakathi
IKarmeli inomsuka wasendulo, nesiko elisuka lapho ngokomfanekiso U-Eliya no-Elisha eNtabeni iKarmeliNgokuhamba kwesikhathi yasungulwa njengohlelo lwezenkolo okwathi, ngekhulu le-16, laguqulwa kakhulu nguSaint Teresa kaJesu kanye noSaint John of the Cross, okwadala ama-Dicalced Carmelites (OCD).
Inguquko kaTeresian-Juanist yafuna a impilo enzima kanye neyokuzindlanemiphakathi emincane, ubumpofu obuqinile, ukuvaleka okuqinile, nempilo ejulile yokuthandaza ngaphakathi. Ukusuka eSpain, ukuguqulwa ngokushesha kwasakazekela eNew Spain: ngo-1585, abakwaCarmelite bokuqala abaDiscalced bafika, beholwa nguFriar Juan de la Madre de Dios.
Indawo yabo yokuqala yesigodlo yabesilisa yakhiwa endaweni eyinqaba yaseSan Sebastián, emaphethelweni eDolobha laseMexico. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa, bakha izindlu ePuebla, e-Atlixco, eValladolid (Morelia), eGuadalajara, naseCelaya, kwathi ngo-1598 basungula isikhungo. Isifundazwe saseSan Alberto, ehlukene naleyo yaseSeville.
Igatsha labesifazane ekuqaleni lafika eVeracruz, kodwa lathola ilayisense ngo-1601 ukuze lizinze ePuebla, lapho ngo-1603 I-convent yokuqala yama-Dicalced Carmelites eMelikaKamuva, kwasungulwa ezinye izigodlo zezindela, kanye nezingwadule zaseCarmelite njengale eseLos Leones kanye nokuthuthela eTenancingo, emiselwe ukuphila okucezile nakakhulu.
I-Hospitaller Orders: Abazalwane baseBethlehem kanye ne-Mercedarian Orders
Ngokuhambisana nemiyalo yokucabanga kanye ne-mendicant, kuphinde kwavela imiphakathi ezinikele ngomzimba nomphefumulo usizo kwabagulayo nabaswele, ethatha isifungo sesine sokungenisa izihambi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Order of Saint John of God, amaCamillian kanye, emazweni aseMelika, Abazalwane BeNkosikazi Yethu yaseBethlehem.
AbaseBetlehema bazalwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho okungokomoya kwe UPedro de San José Betancur (1626-1667), isikhungo semfundo ephakeme saseFrancisca, okwathi ngo-1655, sasungula isibhedlela esincane eSantiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abalandeli bakhe baba umndeni omusha ongokwenkolo ozinikele ekululekeni kwabampofu kanye nemfundo yezingane ezimpofu.
Izibhedlela zabo ezivelele zazingaphakathi ILima neMexico CityNgaphezu kweyaseGuatemala, bavula indlu ePuebla ngo-1682; lapho imitapo yabo yezincwadi yazuza ukubaluleka okukhulu, enamakhulu emiqulu ephawulwe ngezimpawu zophawu. Lokhu kuzwela ezincwadini kwaphindwa ngezindlela eziningi zangaleso sikhathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Order of Our Lady of Mercy Kwavela ngekhulu le-13 nge-charism eyingqayizivele: ukukhululwa kwezithunjwa ezingamaKristu ezandleni zamaSulumane. USanta Peter Nolasco, umthengisi odabuka eFrance ozinze e-Barcelona, unikele ingcebo yakhe ekuhlengeni iziboshwa, waze wazivumela nokuboshwa uma kunesidingo ukuze asindise ukholo lwesiboshwa.
Ngo-1218 wathola umkhuba we-Mercedarian kuMbhishobhi wase-Barcelona, futhi ngo-1235 uGregory IX wagunyaza ngokusemthethweni i-Order. AbakwaMercedarians benza a isifungo sesine sokuhlengwaabathembise ukunikela ngezimpilo zabo ukuze bakhulule iziboshwa uma kunesidingo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela amagatsha abesifazane avaliwe, futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla, amabandla aseMercedarian azinikele ngokuyinhloko emfundweni.
Izindela kanye nokuphila kokucabanga kwabesifazane eNew Spain
Ukuphila kwenkolo yabesifazane eNew Spain kwakucebile ngokungavamile futhi kuhlukahlukene, nge inqwaba yezindela kanye nezinkulungwane zezindela phakathi nekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-18. Izindlu zokuqala zazifana nama-beaterios: amaqembu abesifazane abaqotho abangenazo izifungo eziqinile, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-beatas, ababehlala emphakathini ngesiyalo esithile esingokomoya.
Isigodlo sokuqala esikhulu esisemthethweni kwaba yileso sezindelakazi zeConceptionist I-Mexico City, egqugquzelwa nguFriar Juan de Zumárraga. Lezi zindela zazilandela umthetho kaFrancisca, kodwa zazingezona ezeSeraphic Order. Kusukela kulesi sigodlo sokuqala, kwasungulwa ezinye: Regina, San Bernardo, Jesús María, San José de Gracia, Balvanera (Santa Mónica), Santa Inés, La Encarnación, Regina Coeli de Oaxaca, nezindlu eziseMérida nasePuebla, phakathi kwezinye.
Eminingi yale miphakathi yayiqhamuka "ama-shod nuns"Ngokuqondiswa okuqinile okuncane kunama-Discalced Carmelites, indawo yezindela yayivumela, ngokwesibonelo, izindawo zokuhlala ezizimele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sezindelakazi ngezindlela, izinceku, nokunakekelwa kwezintandane. Umkhuba we-Conceptionist wawubonakala ngengubo kanye ne-scapular yendwangu yoboya emhlophe, ingubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye neveli elimnyama phezu kwekhanda elimhlophe.
Eceleni kwezindelakazi zeConceptionist, amanye ama-oda wesifazane achuma: amaDominican, amaClares ampofu (noma amaClares Ampofu asemadolobheni), amaCapuchin, amaKarmeli Alahliwe, amaHieronymite, amaTeresi, nalabo ababebizwa ngokuthi Odade Bokufundisa (Inkampani KaMariya), bagxila emfundweni yamantombazane. Abanye, njengamaCapuchin, babehlala ebumpofu obukhulu, bengenampahla noma amaseli ngamanye, bephila ngokuphila kuphela umphakathi.
Izibalo eziphawulekayo zavela kulezi zigodlo, njenge Sr. Juana Inés de la CruzIndela yama-Hieronymite evela e-Convent of San Jerónimo e-Mexico, ubengumbhali onekhono, imbongi, futhi engaqondakali. Izigodlo eziningi zezindela zabesifazane zazibuye zibe nezikole zamantombazane, amakhemisi abampofu, neminye imisebenzi yokupha, kuyilapho zilondoloza ukuphila okujulile kokuzindla.
I-panorama yamanje: usayizi ne-charisma yama-oda amakhulu
Uma sibheka isimo samanje semithetho yenkolo yabesilisa eSontweni lamaKhatholika, isithombe esicacile singathathwa ngenxa yolwazi oluvela izikhungo zempilo ezingcweleLokhu kuhlanganisa ama-oda akudala (amaBenedictines, amaFrancisca, amaDominicans, amaCarmelite, ama-Augustinian, amaCistercians…) kanye namabandla akamuva kakhulu.
Umphakathi omkhulu kunawo wonke Inkampani KaJesuNjengoba kunezindlu ezibalelwa ku-1.219 namalungu angaphezu kuka-14.000, okungaba ngu-10.270 kubo abangabapristi, amaSalesian aseDon Bosco alandela eduze kakhulu, anezindlu ezibalelwa ku-1.843 kanye nenani eliphelele lezenkolo elifanayo, eligxile kakhulu emfundweni yentsha.
Ngaphakathi kwe-classical mendican orders, i Franciscans OFM Banamalungu angaphezu kuka-12.000 asabalele ezindlini ezingu-2.311; amaCapuchin acishe abe ngu-10 000; amaDominican adlula ku-5 400, kanti amaKarmeli Ahlakaziwe adlula ku-3 900. I-Benedictines, enamalungu angaba ngu-6.500, igcina ubukhona obuncane kunangezinye izikhathi, kodwa isisindo sabo esingokomoya nesemfundiso yenkolo sihlala sisikhulu.
Akhona namabandla angenabo abapristi, akhiwe ngabazalwane abazinikele imfundo nokuqeqeshwanjengeBrothers of the Christian Schools (De La Salle Brothers) kanye neMarist Brothers. Eminye imiphakathi yezithunywa zevangeli efinyelele kude ihlanganisa i-Divine Word Missionaries, ama-Claretians, ama-Comboni Missionaries, ama-Oblates ka-Mary Immaculate, ama-Redemptorists, ama-Cistercian orders (ama-Cistercians and Trappists), kanye namabandla e-Sacred Heart.
Emkhakheni wezikhungo zempilo yobuphostoli, okungezona iziyalezo zezenkolo ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa ezifana nazo, okulandelayo kuyagqama: Ibandla leMishini (AmaVincentians noma amaLazarists), amaPallottines, amaMishinari ase-Afrika (Obaba Abamhlophe), iMihlangano Yezithunywa Zase-Afrika, amaColumbans, amaSulpicians, noma uBuphristi BobuPristi bukaSaint Peter, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokuvamile ziqondiswe kuma-mission ad gentes, ukwakhiwa kwabefundisi, noma imisebenzi yobufundisi eqondile.
Imiyalo kanye nobuPapa: ithonya elingokomoya kanye nohulumeni weBandla
Kuwo wonke umlando, oPapa abaningi bavela ezinhlwini zika iziyalo zenkoloLokhu kushiye uphawu lwakho ekuhambeni kweBandla. AmaBenedictines, isibonelo, akhiqiza opapa abanethonya njengoSaint Gregory Omkhulu, umuntu obalulekile ezinkonzweni nasezimisweni zesonto zeNkathi Ephakathi Ephakeme.
AmaDominican alethwa esihlalweni sobupapa Benedict XI kanye noSaint Pius VZazixhumene kakhulu nokuqaliswa kwezinguquko ze-Tridentine kanye nokuvikela izimfundiso. Ama-Augustinians abala u-Eugene IV phakathi kwezigaba zabo. Ithonya lamaFranciscans empilweni ethandwayo likhulu, nakuba ukuchazwa kukaFrancis ngokuthi "upapa waseFranciscan" kungokomfanekiso, ngokwegama nesitayela, kunobulungu obusemthethweni ku-Order of Friars Minor.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ukunakwa bekuqondiswe kakhulu ethonyeni le Ingokomoya lamaJesuit kuPapaUkwakheka kwe-Ignatian, okugxile kakhulu ekwazini okungokomoya, ukulalela kwezithunywa zevangeli kanye nokuqina kobuhlakani, kukhiqize iphrofayili yobuholi eqaphela kakhulu inkhulumomphendvulwano nezwe lanamuhla, imfundo kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo.
Uhlu olubanzi lwe imiyalo, amabandla kanye nezikhungo zabaphostoli Ibonisa iSonto elinempilo futhi elihlukahlukene, lapho i-charism ngayinye ibhekana nezidingo ezihlukene: umthandazo onokuthula we-Carthusian kanye nokuba yedwa, impilo yomphakathi wama-Benedictine, ubumpofu obujikelezayo baseFrancisca, ukushumayela kanye nemfundiso yenkolo yama-Dominican, izimishini kanye nemfundo yamaJesuit, ukungenisa izihambi kwamaMercedarian naseBethlehemite, ukuzindla kweCarmelite, inkonzo ye-Augustinian humanism, kanye nenkonzo ye-Salesianism. Naphezu kwezinkinga nezikhathi ezishintshayo, yonke lemindeni yezenkolo iyaqhubeka nokunikela ngendlela yayo yokulandela uKristu nokuguqula umlando, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
