I-Aquatic Ecosystems inothile ngezilwane nezitshalo ezingasukela ezilwaneni ezincane kuye kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezitholakala emanzini ahlanzekile nasezilwandle nasezilwandle, ngokuhlonipha izici zendawo ezikhula kuzo. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana nezici zayo, ukuhlukaniswa, izinhlobo kanye nezibonelo ezithile. Qhubeka ufunda, uzobona ukuthi uzomangala!
I-Aquatic Ecosystems
Imvelo yasemanzini yenziwe uchungechunge lwezakhi nezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisanayo ngendlela evumelanayo. Izici ze-Biotic yilezo ezimelela izitshalo, izilwane kanye nama-microorganisms. Endabeni yama-abiotics, abhekisela ekukhanyeni, ekushiseni nakwezinye izinto zemvelo. Ibhalansi yalezi zimiso zemvelo ibalulekile ekuzinzeni kwemvelo, ukuqonda ukuthi iningi leplanethi limbozwe ngamanzi.
Kuzo ungathola izitshalo, izitshalo, izilwane kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihlangene zimelela i-symbiosis enkulu eyenzeka emanzini amasha noma anosawoti. Zonke izingxenye eziphilayo zalezi zimiso zemvelo zicwiliswa emanzini, ngakho-ke zithola izici ezingavamile kakhulu ngokusekelwe endaweni ezithuthuka kuyo njengomphumela wezinqubo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Izici
Imvelo yasemanzini ibonakala ngokwethula inani elikhulu lempilo namaketanga okudla ayinkimbinkimbi ajwayele indawo ezihlala kuzo. Ezinye izilwane ezenza ukuphila kulezi zindawo zemvelo zinendawo yokuya ezweni ukuze zifeze imisebenzi efana nokuzala. Phakathi kwazo kunezilwane ezihlala emanzini kanye nezihuquzelayo zasemanzini. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, zakhiwa kakhulu ulwelwe namakhorali ezilwandle nezilwandle.
Kodwa-ke, emifuleni nasemachibini lapho amanzi egcwele khona izinsalela eziphilayo, kuba namafu, kumnyama futhi kwezinye izimo nge-oxygen ephansi, izitshalo nezilwane ezihambisana nalezi zimo zingatholakala.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinto Eziphila Emanzini
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo yasemanzini lapho ungathola khona izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, eziguqulelwe ngokuya ngokujula, ikhwalithi yokukhanya, ukugcwala komoyampilo. Yingakho ziye zahlukaniswa zaba yizindawo ezine ezinkulu noma amaqembu uma kwenzeka lezo ezihlala emanzini, lezo ezitholakala phakathi kwamagagasi, lapho ziseduze nezwe, lezi zindawo zibonakala ngokunyakaza okukhulu kanye nenqubo yokuguguleka. .
Lezo ezitholakala olwandle oluvulekile yilezo ezinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezinhlanzi, lapha izinga lokushisa liphakeme, njengoba zingekho ekujuleni okukhulu futhi imisebe yelanga iyakwazi ukubathinta ngokuqondile. Ngokungafani nalokhu kungaphansi kolwandle, lapho ubumnyama bubusa khona ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile liphansi. I-abyssal noma i-benthic zone ingxenye yayo yingxenye ehlanganisa imigodi nemifantu.
Kuzo akukho ukukhanya kanye ne-organic matter encane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuphila akunampilo. Izilwane ezimbalwa nezitshalo ezihlala lapho zingaba nezici ezimangalisa ngempela.
Ezinhlelweni zemvelo zamanzi ahlanzekile, ukuhlukaniswa kwawo kuzonqunywa ngokuhamba kwamanzi, phakathi kwawo kukhona izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, ezibangelwa izikhukhula ezithile zesikhashana futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlanganisa imvelo yasemanzini neyomhlaba. I-Lentic, kuwo kukhona inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo njengoba zingamanzi azolile futhi ngokunyakaza okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo lapha ungahlanganisa amachibi, amachibi namachibi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ama-lotics, kuwo kukhona ukuxhumana okwengeziwe phakathi kwe-ecosystem kanye namanzi azo akhona ukunyakaza okukhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Aquatic Ecosystems
Imvelo yasemanzini idinga ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: amanzi asolwandle namanzi ahlanzekile. Endabeni yemvelo yasolwandle noma i-halobic, kukhona izilwandle nezilwandle, lezi zigcinwa zilingana naphezu komsebenzi womuntu kanye namazinga okungcola. Leli yizwe elisenezimfihlakalo eziningi zesayensi.
Imvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile noma i-limnobios, iyikhaya lenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izilwane nezitshalo. Njengoba ingeyakamuva enobukhona obukhulu kakhulu, imifula ibuye ibe yingqayizivele yokubamba ama-microsystem ahlukahlukene, ahlukaniswa njenge-benthic, atholakala ngaphansi kohlelo, kepha lapho imisebe yelanga isenezehlakalo kanye nenhloko yayo. abahlala ndawonye yi-algae.
Amasistimu e-Nektonic aquatic akhiwe yilezi zidalwa ezikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwemisinga, ngokuzimela okuphelele. Ngokungafani nama-planktonic ahlala phezu kwamanzi antanta emanzini, azivumela ukuba athathwe imisinga bese ehlukana abe i-zooplankton, okuyizinto eziphilayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-protozoa, izibungu namanye ama-crustaceans, nama-phytoplankton, okungabakhiqizi abathwalayo. ulwelwe oluncane lubaluleke ngempela ngoba luyisixhumanisi sokuqala sochungechunge lokudla kwezilwandle.
Endabeni yama-neustonics, yiwo anendawo yokuhlala entanta emanzini. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo ingasetshenziswa kokubili olwandle nasemanzini ahlanzekile, yonke into izoncika kakhulu endleleni ukunyakaza nendlela yokuphila.
Izitshalo kanye Nezitshalo Zemvelo Yasemanzini
Izitshalo ezisezindaweni eziphila emanzini zihluke kakhulu. Amanzi ahlanzekile abonakala ngokubamba izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Ngenxa yokunotha kwezinto eziphilayo abanazo, ngokungafani nalezo zezindawo zasolwandle lapho ukomile nosawoti kunciphisa izinga elithile ukwanda kwezitshalo, kunotshani obuningi, okungukuthi, izitshalo ezi-monocotyledonous ezineziqu eziyi-cylindrical, knotty kanye nezigodi, amaqabunga awo ashintshana. ngamukele isiqu. Izimbali zethulwa ngamaqoqo ngama-spikes.
Izitshalo ezitholakala kulezi zindawo zimelana kakhulu nokonakala kwesimo sezulu. Abanye banempahla yokunamathela emadwaleni ukuze bazivikele. Abanye basebenzisa imifantu emadwaleni noma emaweni ukuze bakheke. Ekujuleni kolwandle kunezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ngokuya ngendawo ezikuyo, kunjalo nje ngePosidonia oceanica izici zayo zifana kakhulu nezitshalo zasemhlabeni, inesiqu nezimpande eziluhlaza, amaqabunga ayo angafinyelela phezulu. imitha ukuphakama. Ngokwengxenye yabo, i-phanerogams yizitshalo ze-vascular ezikhiqiza imbewu, nazo zinesiqu, impande, amaqabunga nezimbali.
Izilwane ezihlala e-Aquatic Habitats
Umhlaba osemanzini unezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kokubili emanzini ahlanzekile nasezilwandle nasezilwandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziye zakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuzo zombili izinhlelo lapho amanzi e-brackish. Kodwa okufanayo kuzo zonke izimo ezintathu izici zabo zivame ukufana kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezilula, okungukuthi, azinawo uhlaka lwamathambo, njengoba kunjalo ngeminenke, i-jellyfish noma i-anemones. Izinkimbinkimbi zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlelo futhi zihlanganisa ama-echinoderms, ama-arthropods, nama-molluscs.
Lezi zindawo zemvelo ziyindawo yokuhlala yezilwane ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi njengezilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini nezinhlanzi. Lezi zinekholomu futhi endabeni yezilwane ezihlala emanzini zinamandla okuba ngaphandle kwendawo yazo, iningi lazo lapho sezikhulile ziba namaphaphu nezimbongolo. Izinhlanzi zingafinyelela izilinganiso ezinkulu, ezifana ne-shark noma i-sea bass.
izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni
Kuzo zombili izindawo ezihlala emanzini angenasawoti kanye nasemanzini anosawoti iyindawo ekahle yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngokuqondene nezilwane ezincelisayo, ulwandle luyikhaya lezilwane ezinomgogodla ezinkulu ezinjengama-cetaceans, okuhlanganisa imikhomo, amahlengethwa, imikhomo ebulalayo, izimvu zamanzi, ama-manatee nama-porpoise. Emifuleni kukhona i-platypus, imvubu, i-otter yaseYurophu, ama-beaver namahlengethwa omfula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyoni zinokuhlukahluka okukhulu, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingatholakala ezindaweni zasolwandle nasemifuleni, emachibini nasemachibini. Banekhono lokuzivumelanisa nokuphila endaweni yasolwandle. Zingaba yi-pelagic kakhulu, okungukuthi, zihlala emanzini futhi zisondele ogwini. Endabeni yezinyoni zasogwini noma zasogwini, iningi lazo linoqhwaku olukhulu, oluqinile oluconvex ekugcineni, njengama-seagull nama-albatross. Lapha kufanelekile ukubalula ama-penguin, okuyizinyoni zasolwandle ezingandizi ezisatshalaliswa cishe endaweni eseningizimu nenkabazwe kanti ezinye ezisesiqhingini saseGalapagos.
Izibonelo ze-Aquatic Ecosystems
Kunezibonelo eziningi zemvelo yasemanzini, futhi lapha sifuna ukugqamisa ezimbalwa. Ogwini, la manzi anamazinga okushisa ekhwalithi, ukungajuli kangako futhi ukukhanya kwelanga kudlala indima yako engcono kakhulu. Lokhu kubenza babe indawo ekahle yokuhlala kwezilwane eziningi nezitshalo. Lapha ungahlanganisa izixhobo eziwumthombo oyinhloko wokuphila olwandle. Kukhona futhi i-polar ocean, iyikhaya lesitshalo sebhaktheriya esiwukudla kwezinhlanzi eziningi nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.
Manje, njengesibonelo sezindawo ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile, imihlume ingaqanjwa. Lawa aphenduka amanzi amabi kakhulu futhi yingakho ukubukeka kwawo okuminyene, inhlabathi yawo ivamise ukuba nobumba olunesamba esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo. Izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nezinhlobo ezihlala emanzini ziphila ndawonye kuyo. Amachibi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asengamanzi ngakho-ke ayindawo ekahle yokuhlala amagciwane amaningi. Futhi zinenhlabathi egcwele imisoco futhi amanzi azo avamise ukuguqubala, okuwenza abe indawo ekahle yokucasha yezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
Amaqiniso Amangalisayo Wezinto Eziphila Emanzini
Ubuwazi yini ukuthi iphaphu elikhulu lomhlaba akulona ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon. Yisithombo esitholakala olwandle, esikhiqiza u-75% womoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo futhi simunca amaphesenti angama-25 e-carbon dioxide esiyikhiphayo. U-60% wezinhlobo zasolwandle zihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-60 ukusuka ogwini. IGreat Barrier Reef, ese-Australia, enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Idlulela ngaphezu kuka-2.300 km futhi iyikhaya lenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo.
Ubuwazi ukuthi umfula omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni useColombia. Yaziwa ngegama elithi Caño Cristales, kuyo kukhona ulwelwe olungandile oludaya amanzi ayo ngemibala efana nothingo olukhulu lwasemanzini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunomfula omangalisayo otholakala eCongo, ojule kakhulu emhlabeni onamamitha angaphezu kuka-220 ukujula kanye nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezilwane nezitshalo.
Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-Aquatic Ecosystems, bukela ividiyo elandelayo. Uzomangala!
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