La Inkanyezi Inkanyezi ebonakala ngeso lenyama, esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku iyinkanyezi eseduze kakhulu ne-axis yoMhlaba yokuzungeza, kodwa futhi iyisigxobo esiseduze kakhulu ne-north pole, yingakho iqokwe ngegama elithi polar. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungayithola kanjani nezinye izici ezithakazelisayo nakakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda lesi sihloko.
Ungayithola kanjani i-North Star?
La Inkanyezi Itholakala kumlaza we IBhele elincane, futhi ikhanya kakhulu kuwo. Iwumlaza obonakala unyaka wonke enyakatho nenkabazwe. Kodwa ngenxa yethonya le-precession ye-equinoxes, izigxobo zasezulwini zihamba ngokuhlobene Izinkanyezi ukuzungeza isigxobo se-ecliptic, yingakho inkanyezi epholile ku-hemisphere ngayinye ingafani phakathi neminyaka.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola leli qembu lezinkanyezi endaweni engaphansi kwesibhakabhaka, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola inkanyezi emaphakathi. Indlela esetshenziswa ngokwesiko iwukuba kutholwe i-Big Dipper futhi kuyo kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale kalula iDiphu Encane futhi, ngaphakathi kwayo, iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho. I-Big Dipper iphinde ithole igama lemoto, ngenxa yesimo esakhiwe izinkanyezi zayo eziyinhloko ezingu-7, ezifakwe kwezinye izinkanyezi ezakha umfanekiso webhere.
Lapho i-Big Dipper isikhona, okumelwe kwenziwe ukudweba umugqa ocatshangelwayo phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezimbili ezisohlangothini lwemoto bese welula izikhathi ezinhlanu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalowo mugqa kunenkanyezi yesigxobo, ngaphakathi komlaza i-Ursa Minor, nayo enomumo we-dipper.
Uma sikwazi ukuthola iNkanyezi YaseNyakatho, sizobe sibuka inyakatho yeqiniso, futhi ukusuka lapho, singakhomba amanye amaphuzu ayinhloko. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokubaluleka kwale nkanyezi ekuzulazuleni, ungabheka isihloko sethu esithi izinkanyezi.
Okwamanje
Namuhla, i Inkanyezi enyakatho nenkabazwe yi-α Ursae Minoris, itholakala emsileni we-Little Bear, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i-Polaris noma i-Cinosura, ngoba iseduze ne-north pole, lapho ihluke khona ngaphansi kwe-degree eyodwa. Izosondela nakakhulu futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2100 kungabi khona ukuhlukana okungaphezu kuka-28'. Khona-ke isigxobo kulindeleke ukuba sihlukane nayo, futhi ngeke iphinde ibe inkanyezi yesigxobo iminyaka engaba ngu-25.780.
Esikhathini esedlule
Cishe eminyakeni engu-4800 edlule, inkanyezi eyayiseduze nesigxobo sesibhakabhaka esisenyakatho, okungukuthi, leyo eyayingabizwa ngokuthi inkanyezi emhlophe yangaleso sikhathi, kwakunguThuban (α Draconis), okukhanya kwayo kungu-3,6 futhi eyayilungile. 10' esigxotsheni sasezulwini. Namuhla yi-50'. I-Thuban yaziwa e-China nase-Egypt, empeleni, ikhonjwe izazi zezinkanyezi zaseShayina zasendulo, ezibhala ezincwadini zonyaka kusukela ngesikhathi soMbusi u-Huang Di, owabusa ngo-2700 BC.
Kodwa isigxobo sasezulwini sahamba phakathi kuka-α Ursae Minoris no-α Draconis. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwadalwa ibhaluni leChiron, okuyilona elaziwa kakhulu lasendulo, elihambisana nesikhathi se-Argonauts expedition, 1200 BC Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lapho isigxobo sasisondela kulokho namuhla. Inkanyezi.
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu yayingekho inkanyezi ekhanyayo eyayibonisa indawo yesigxobo. Cishe ngonyaka wama-800 yasuka enkanyezini encane ephindwe kabili emlaza weCamelopardalis, indlulamithi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomlando wezinkanyezi, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu ku umlando wezinkanyezi.
Esikhathini esizayo
Inkanyezi ekhona emaphakathi, enobukhulu obungu-2 obukhanyayo, ingenye yezinto ezikhanya kakhulu ezitholakala endleleni edlula esigxotsheni futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ibibizwa ngokuthi inkanyezi emaphakathi iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Futhi izoba nayo kuze kube cishe unyaka ka-3500, ngaleso sikhathi ukuhamba kwesigxobo kwasezulwini kuzodlula eduze kwenkanyezi yobukhulu besithathu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Errai noma i-Alrai (γ Cephei).
Ngonyaka wezi-6000 isigxobo sizodlula eduze nezinkanyezi ezimbili ezihlukaniswa njengobukhulu 3, i-Alfirk (β Cephei) kanye ne-ι Cephei; Ngonyaka we-7400 izotholakala eduze kwenkanyezi ekhanyayo yobukhulu 1, i-Sadr (γ Cygni), futhi ngonyaka we-13 iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho izoba yiVega (α Lyrae), ngoba izobonwa njengekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni esisenyakatho yehlobo, futhi izohlala kule ndawo iminyaka engaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu. I-Vega izoba nesikhundla seNkanyezi yaseNyakatho esikhathini esizayo, njengoba nje kwakunjalo esikhathini esidlule, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nane edlule, phakathi ne-Ice Age.
ukuhamba kwezinkanyezi
Ngoba i- Inkanyezi Itholakala cishe esigxotsheni sesibhakabhaka esisenyakatho, ibonakala phakathi nemizila eyindilinga ngokusobala eyenziwa ezinye izinkanyezi, umkhiqizo wokujikeleza komhlaba.
Lokhu okukhethekile kuhlukanisa isikhathi sokubuka kusukela kuzixhumanisi zasendaweni zenkanyezi epholile, iguqule ukuphakama ngaphezu komkhathizwe, ovezwa ngamadigri namaminithi, ukuya ku-latitude yesibukeli, hhayi okwenkanyezi. Ukuze kuzuzwe isilinganiso esifanele, idatha yokubuka kufanele ishintshwe, ngoba inkanyezi epholile ayitholakali ncamashi endaweni esenyakatho yesibhakabhaka, ngokombono.
Nokho, ukuma okuhle kweNkanyezi YaseNyakatho endaweni engaphansi kwesibhakabhaka kwayenza yaba umfuziselo obalulekile wokuzulazula, njengoba ngokubona nje okulula, inkambo ethathiwe yayingaqinisekiswa futhi kusungulwe ne-latitude. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kokusetshenziswa kwezinkanyezi ku-orientation, bheka isihloko sethu esithi izinkanyezi ezidubulayo.
esigxotsheni esiseningizimu
σ I-Octantis, ngeso lenyama, inkanyezi eseduze kakhulu nesigxobo sesibhakabhaka esiseningizimu, kodwa ayisizi kangako, ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo okuphansi. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukubuka umlaza we-Southern Cross, okhomba kuleyo ndawo. Uma sisenkabazwe, kuvela ukuthi zombili iPolaris kanye neSouthern Cross zingabonakala.
Indlela yokukuqondisa
uyazi ukuthi kanjani funa izinkanyezi? Uma kusebusuku, futhi singenayo ikhampasi noma uhlelo lokukhomba lwe-GPS olusiqondisayo, singase sikwazi ukuziqondisa endaweni yethu maqondana nezinkanyezi, inqobo nje uma ungekho ikhava yefu. Into ebalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayithola kanjani inkanyezi epholile, ukuze ukwazi ukusiqondisa kuwo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6ncTY42foc
Le ndlela yokuma isebenza kuphela uma sisenyakatho nenkabazwe, kusukela Inkanyezi (noma i-Polaris) ingabonwa kuphela kuleso sigaba seplanethi. Khumbula ukuthi i-Polaris ikhomba enyakatho yeqiniso, ngakho-ke lapho siyithola, okufanele sikwenze ukuma phambi kwayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela singakwazi ukumisa ukuthi impumalanga ingakwesokudla, entshonalanga kwesokunxele, futhi eningizimu ngemuva kwethu.
I-Polaris ihlale ikhomba enyakatho futhi ayishintshi indawo ngesikhathi sokujikeleza koMhlaba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ihlala imile endaweni yonke, esimweni esiyingqayizivele maqondana nezinye izinkanyezi, ezitholakala ngenhla kwe-eksisi yokujikeleza koMhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kuyilapho ezinye izinkanyezi zisizungeza, inkanyezi emaphakathi ihlala igxilile esibhakabhakeni.
Ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuhamba koMhlaba, i-axis yawo yokuzungeza ishintsha unyaka nonyaka, kanye nokunganyakazi kwe-Polaris, ochwepheshe babonisa ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-3500 Inkanyezi Kuzoba yi inkanyezi. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi simo, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu izinkanyezi ezimbili.
Amanye amaplanethi
Iplanethi ngayinye inezimfanelo zayo ezihlukile Polar Star, ngokwezimbazo zazo zokuzungeza. Ngakho kufanele:
- I-Alpha Pictoris itholakala eningizimu kanye ne-Omicron Draconis enyakatho yeMercury.
- I-Fi Draconis, iseduze kakhulu eningizimu ye- Iplanethi venus.
- Delta Doradus, itholakala eningizimu yeNyanga.
- I-Kappa Velorum ku-2° eningizimu, kanye ne-Sadr ne-Deneb, okuyizinkanyezi ezimbili ezikhanya kakhulu e-Cygnus, enyakatho ye-Mars.
- I-Delta Octantis iseningizimu yeSaturn.
- Eta Ophiuchi enyakatho futhi 15 Orionis eningizimu Uranus.
- Enyakatho ye-Neptune, i-Gamma ne-Delta Cygni ingabonakala. I-Gamma Velorum iseningizimu.
- Inyakatho yePluto ikhomba kumlaza iDelphinus.
Inkanyezi yaseNyakatho kanye namaBeatles
Ngomhla zi-5 kuNhlolanja wezi-2008, ngehora leshumi nambili ebusuku, i-NASA yasakaza iculo lamaBeatles elithi “Across The Universe” ibheke eNkanyezini YaseNyakatho. Basebenzise i-antenna engu-70m etholakala e-DSN's Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex, eMadrid, eSpain. Futhi yenziwa nge-transmitter ye-"X band", ihlinzeka ngothi ngo-18 KW.
Lo mcimbi ubuwufanele, ngoba bekuwunyaka wama-40 wengoma, unyaka wama-45 we-Deep Space Network (DSN), kanye nokugubha iminyaka engama-50 ye-NASA. Lo mbono uvela kumlando weBeatles uMartin Lewis, owakhuthaza bonke abalandeli beBeatles ukuba bathumele ingoma ngesikhathi esifanayo bayithumele kunkanyezi. Sekungokwesibili ucezu lomculo usakazwa ngamabomu emkhathini futhi bekugunyazwe u-Paul McCartney, u-Yoko Ono, kanye ne-Apple Records.
Sithemba ukuthi lokhu kufunda kukuthakaselele futhi kukushiye nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze uhlonze Polar Star.
