Intombi kaLujan
UbuKristu bungenye yezinkolo eziyinhloko ezikhona emhlabeni, isisekelo sawo esiyinhloko izimfundiso zikaJesu waseNazaretha, obhekwa njengoMesiya nomsindisi wesintu, engumuntu oyinhloko owazalelwa eBetlehema eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule , egxile ukuphila kwakhe konke ekufundiseni izixuku ezihlukahlukene izimfundiso ngemifanekiso ebonakala emibhalweni engcwele, ngemva kokufa kwakhe esiphambanweni saseKalvari lapho athwalwa khona ngenxa yazo zonke izono zesintu.
Namuhla, iSonto LamaKatolika liholwa uPapa, lapho likomkhulu khona eRoma, lakhiwe iqoqo lemikhandlu kanye nesakhiwo sabefundisi sabefundisi. Iveza iqoqo elikhulu lezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene ezigxile ebuKristwini njengokukhulekelwa kwabangcwele nokuzinikela eNcasakazini uMariya, kangangokuthi yagqama ekuthuthukiseni enye yemisinga yaseMarian egxile ekwaziseni konke ukubaluleka kweNcasakazi. UMaria.
Kulokhu, kufiswa ukugqamisa iNcasakazi yaseLuján, ehambisana nenye yezinkulumo eziyinhloko zikaMarian, ekubeni i-Patron Saint enkulu yase-Argentina, inosayizi wesici, ilinganisa cishe u-38 cm ukuphakama futhi ilula kakhulu, yaziwa kahle ngezigameko ezenzeka Maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ihlonishwa futhi ihlonishwa kakhulu emazweni ase-Argentina, iyingxenye yesiko lezwe.
historia
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1630, indoda engumPutukezi eyaziwa ngokuthi u-Antonio Farías Sáa, eyayingomunye wabanikazi bomhlaba abavelele esifundazweni saseSantiago del Estero e-Argentina, yayinesifiso esijulile sokwakha indlu yesonto enikezelwe kuphela ukudumisa Virgin, ngenxa yalesi sizathu wayezimisele ukuthola esinye sezethulo zentombi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, wanquma ukubuza omunye wakubo owayehlala eBrazil owaziwa ngokuthi uJuan Andrea, ozinikele ebuthweni lasolwandle, njengoba wayesezothatha uhambo, wamcela ukuba amlethele isithombe seNcasakazi, ikakhulukazi I-Immaculate Virgin of the Conception izokhonzwa ezweni lase-Argentina. Umngane wakhe wanquma ukumlethela hhayi nje isithombe esisodwa kodwa izinguqulo ezimbili zeNcasakazi uMariya.
Isithombe sokuqala yisona kanye lesi ebesiceliwe, simelela umfanekiso we-Immaculate Conception, kanti owesibili wawuhluke ngokuphelele kunalowo owawuceliwe ngoba wawunesihloko esithi uMama kaNkulunkulu egone usana lukaJesu. U-Juan Andrea wanquma ukulondoloza izithombe ngangokunokwenzeka, ezigcina ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe amabili alungiselelwe kahle ukuze azigcine.
Basuswa eSan Pablo bayiswa ethekwini laseBuenos Aires, lapho babekwa enqoleni, bahamba izinsuku ezintathu zohambo futhi baqala ukudluliselwa enqoleni lapho inqola yayima khona njalo ngenxa yokuphakama kokudluliselwa. kwaba amaligi angu-10 edolobheni laseLuján; Maphakathi nendawo, kwadingeka bame endaweni yaseZelaya ukuze balale, benza isinqumo sokuchitha ubusuku lapho.
Ngakusasa, ekuseni nje, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuqhubeka nohambo, izinkabi ezaziphethe ukuhudula umthwalo, zazingakwazi ukuhambisa inqola eyayinyakazisa izithombe, zakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ngomzuzu othile kodwa ngokukhulu okukhulu. ubunzima, ngoba Ngakho-ke, benza isinqumo sokwehlisa elinye lamabhokisi inqola eyayihamba futhi ngemva kwalokho umthwalo ungaqhubeka nokuthwalwa ngaphandle kwenkinga noma ukungqubuzana.
Wonke umuntu wamangala ngalokho okwakwenzekile, ngakho banquma ukuhlola okwakungaphakathi edilophini, babona ukuthi kwakuyisithombe esincane kakhulu seNcasakazi, esakhiwe ngodaka olubhakiwe, esifana kakhulu neso I-Immaculate Conception. Ngakho-ke, benza isinqumo sokunikeza isithombe kuDon Rosendo, umnikazi wendlu abachitha kuyo ubusuku eZelaya; Isithombe sesibili saqhubeka nendlela yaso eya endaweni yaso yokuqala.
I-Hermitage ye-Virgin
Lapho le ndaba yaziwa kulo lonke elaseBuenos Aires, abantu abaningi banquma ukusondela endaweni lapho intombi yayikhona futhi bayihloniphe, usuku nosuku inani labantu abeza ukuzohlangabeza intombi lalilikhulu, uDon Rosendo wavula igumbi elihlotshisiwe futhi elikhethekile labo. ukukhulekela nenhlonipho, kodwa inani labahambi lalilikhulu nsuku zonke.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanikazi bendlu banquma ukwakha i-hermitage ngokuhlonipha nokuhlonipha iNcasakazi, kuthatha iminyaka ethile ukuyilungisa cishe iminyaka emi-3, lapho isiqediwe, yavulelwa umphakathi ikakhulukazi yilabo ababeyilungele. babengabalandeli abathembekile beNcasakazi.
I-hermitage yakhiwe ngendlela ebukekayo kakhulu, iyikhaya elinesizotha elakhiwe ngamatshe abushelelezi futhi aphucuziwe, linensimbi yalo, izindonga zodaka, uphahla lotshani kanye nephansi eliwubhuqu. Ngaphakathi kukhona ikamelo elincane elipendwe elimhlophe, eliphakathi nendawo i-altare elincane, elilula kakhulu futhi lemvelo, lapho kwakuzoba khona isithombe seNcasakazi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-hermitage ilula kakhulu futhi incane, kodwa inhle ngobukhulu bayo.
Ezinye zezivakashi ezazifike kule ndawo zazingabantu abaziwayo, njengasendabeni yesikhulu uPedro de Santa María, owabonisa lokhu okulandelayo mayelana ne-hermitage:
“Umfanekiso Ongcwele wawukulowo kaRosendo, ngenkulumo emfushane kakhulu futhi uMfanekiso wawo wonke amaPago wawuhlonishwa kakhulu. Futhi wathi uRosendo unikele ngomuntu omnyama ogama lakhe linguManuel enkolweni yeSithombe, owayenakekela isibani sikaLady, esasivutha njalo.
Namuhla, indawo ye-hermitage, eyaziwa nangokuthi indawo yesimangaliso, isasele, kanye nendlu yezindela kanye nendlu yesonto encane, ehlala igcina izici zokuqala ukugcina izimo zayo zakudala. Ibhekwa njengendawo yokuqala yokuhlala yeNcasakazi, manje isithathwa njengendawo yokuvakasha kanye nekoloni enyakatho ye-Argentina.
Ana de Matos
I-hermitage yaziwa njengendawo yesimangaliso, idume kakhulu njengendawo yezivakashi nendawo yokukhulekela kweNcasakazi. Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1671 umfelokazi owaziwa ngokuthi u-Ana de Matos kakaputeni waseSpain uMarcos de Sequeira; Wayengumnikazi wendawo enkulu, ecebe kakhulu eseduze noMfula iLuján, owesifazane owaziwa kakhulu emazweni aseBuenos Aires futhi ozinikele kakhulu ekukhulekeleni iNcasakazi etholakala endaweni ezungezile.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isithombe nendawo esasikuyo kwaba ukuwohloka kakhulu futhi kwasakaza isizungu esikhulu uNkz. Ana Matos wasibona ngobuhlungu obukhulu isimo sokulahlwa esithombeni, ngakho wanquma ukuya esontweni futhi akhulume nompristi uJuan de Oramas owayengumfowabo kaDiego Rosendo futhi wayezomnikeza umbandela wokuthi asondele kubo, futhi wayezobanikeza inhlonipho. gin.
Lapho uDon Rosendo efa, iziphathimandla zesonto zenza isinqumo sokunikeza isithombe kuDoña Ana de Matos, futhi wenza inkokhelo yokudluliselwa kwesithombe; Ngenxa yokuthi kwakuyindawo enezintaba, ukwakha indlu yesonto kwaba inkimbinkimbi, ngakho wanquma ukwakha indawo yokufundela kanye nehostela lezihambeli ezazifisa ukulala lapho futhi zihlale epulazini leNcasakazi yaseLuján.
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1677 umsebenzi wokwakha indlu yesonto ezindaweni zaseDoña Matos waqala, wenziwa ngesitini esibasiwe futhi wawungaqedwa ngonyaka we-1685, ngomgubho wokudluliselwa kwentombi emzini wayo omusha ngo. December 8. , lapho iziphathimandla zikahulumeni wase-Argentina neziphathimandla zeSonto LamaKatolika lendawo zahlanganyela khona, phakathi kwezinkulumo ezashiwo uDoña Ana de Matos waveza lokhu okulandelayo:
"Ngenxa yokuthi ngikuthanda kakhulu ukunxusa kwe-Our Lady of the Clean Conception kanye nesithombe sakhe esingcwele, ngiyabonga futhi nginikele ku-Image ethi yonke indawo engizoyidinga ukuze kwakhiwe indlu yakhe yesonto..."
Ekugcineni u-Doña Ana wajabula ngokuthi ukwazile ukufeza injongo yakhe futhi ngosuku olungemva komkhosi waya endlini yezikhulumi eyothandaza kodwa lapho efika endaweni enikezelwe intombi, wayengekho e-altare futhi emfuna ngabomvu, bamthola futhi lapho kwenzeka khona isimangaliso sakhe sokuqala. Ekuqaleni kwakunenkolelo yokuthi kwakuwumphumela womunye wabanakekeli besithombe kodwa lapho sibuyiswa futhi silungiswa e-altare, kwenzeka okufanayo futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, leli qiniso lathathwa njengesimangaliso.
UManuweli Omnyama
Kuthe uma kuqala iHermitage esezweni lase Don Rosendo kwanikezelwa isigqila esimnyama esaziwa ngelika Manuel, safika ngekharavani eyayithutha izintombi ezimbili yazibonela okwenzeka lapho engakwazi ukudonsa inqola ukuze azihambise. Umlandeli wabona uthando ayehlonipha ngalo intombi, wanquma ukumhambisa enkonzweni ye-hermitage, ezinikezela kuphela ekunakekeleni intombi kuze kube sekufeni kwayo.
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1638 washada nowesifazane ongumCreole wasendaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi iBeatriz futhi engowomndeni wakwaGonzález Filiano; Kwakuwumshado olula futhi othobekile owawugujwa endaweni yokuhlala yeNcasakazi yaseLuján, ngokwethembeka waba umngane kaManuel futhi wamsekela ekulondolozeni inkolo yeNcasakazi Ebusisiwe eyayisendaweni yaseLuján.
Igama likaManuel lidume kakhulu lapho ekhuluma ngeNcasakazi yaseLuján, ehlala eqokomisa iqiniso lemfudumalo nokuzimisela kwakhe ukwenza umsebenzi, naphezu kokushona komkakhe ngo-1670, akazange alahlekelwe ukuzinikela kwakhe ekukhonzeni iNcasakazi yaseLujan. . Ngaso sonke isikhathi uzinikele ekubeni umqhubi wezithombe, ngaphezu kokuzinikezela ekukhanyeni kwamakhandlela okuba khona kwentombi.
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1681 isithombe seNcasakazi yaseLuján sadluliselwa endaweni yokukhuluma kaDoña Matos, kwaqala ukwenzeka izimangaliso lapho intombi yayigezwa khona amazolo ekuseni, ngaphezu kwalokho yathola nezitshalo namaqabunga ahlanganiswe izithelo zizungezwe izimbali, ecabanga ukuthi intombi ngokwayo yamtshela ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba ashiye indawo, ngoba indawo yayincane kakhulu yayingakwazi ukusebenza nazo zonke izimangaliso zayo.
UManuel omnyama washona ngonyaka we-1686 lapho iziphathimandla zesonto zamemezela lokhu okulandelayo:
“U-El Negro Manuel ushone engcwele, ngenxa yokufaneleka kwakhe ukuthi isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa ngemva kwe-altare Eliphakeme Lendawo Engcwele, siphumule ezinyaweni ze-Image yakhe ayithandayo ye-Our Lady of Luján. UManuel omnyama wayegqoke isaka ngenxa yenyama, futhi ekhulisa intshebe ende ngendlela ye-hermit.."
Ubaba kaMontalbo
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1684, uBaba uPedro Montalbo, owayezinikele kakhulu emsebenzini webandla, wagula kakhulu ngolunye usuku ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okwasenza saba sibi kakhulu isimo sakhe, singamnikezi ukulondeka okukhulu kwempilo, ngakho-ke, wanquma ukugula. vakashela ithempeli elincane Elikhuliswe ngu-Doña Mato kuSanta ongumvikeli wase-Argentina, kodwa engenaso isifiso sokucela ukuncenga kwakhe, kodwa kunalokho afe ekanye nokuba khona kwakhe futhi esikhundleni sokukhulekelwa.
Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba afike endaweni yokukhuluma kwadingeka anyakaze futhi abone ukuthi uhambo lwalunzima kakhulu, ngakho lapho efika umzimba wakhe nempilo yakhe yayiwohlokile kangangokuthi bamnikela ngokuthi ufile, bamsiza bonke abantu emphakathini bamyisa lapho kwakukhona khona i-altare leNcasakazi yaseLuján futhi uManuel omnyama wagcoba isifuba sakhe esebenzisa i-tallow ephuma ekhandlela lekhandlela elalisemoyeni emva komzuzwana wabuya emoyeni wakhe.
UManuweli omnyama wamtshela ukuthi akabe nokholo, akholwe ukuthi uzophila ngempela kulesi sifo sakhe esibi, ngoba intombi yayingeke imyeke abhubhe alahle umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, yayifuna abe umfundisi futhi kufanele kube njalo. emkhomba ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ahlale eqinile futhi eqinile angalilahli ithemba. UManuel ebona ukuthi uBaba wayesephendulile kodwa wayengakaqini ngokuphelele futhi eqinile.
Wathatha isinqumo sokuthatha amakhakhasi, izimbali, izitshalo, imbewu, izimpande nameva ahlala emila engutsheni yentombi, wayevame ukukugcina ukuze ahlobise i-altare ngesimangaliso esihle sentombi, wanquma ukuliklebhula futhi alixube ne-altare. udaka olwakhishwa i-fimbriae futhi lwalupheka emlilweni ngamanzi amancane kuze kube yilapho kwakheka isiraphu. Uma isilungile, ngiyinika umpristi ukuze ayidle kabi kunalokho ayokwenza egameni leNtombi Engcwele.
Ubaba walalela lokho akuphiwa nguManuweli omnyama wawudla ngegama lentombi, uma usuqediwe ugcobo futhi ngalelikhambi kuphela ubaba uyokhululeka kukho konke ukuhlasela kwakhe nokucwila, avuke engumqemane, emva kwalokho Ubaba. , ngokubonga, wahlala kumfundisi weNcasakazi yaseLuján ekhonza iminyaka eyishumi emsebenzini we-hermitage, ezinikela ngokucophelela, ngokuzinikela okukhulu futhi elawula isonto.
Lapho uBaba uMontalbo ethatha izintambo zokulawula isonto leNcasakazi yaseLuján maphakathi no-1685, wanquma ukubeka lesi sithombe endlini yesonto entsha, kamuva eyayizokwaziwa ngokuthi iMontalbo Chapel. Namuhla yaziwa njengenye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuncenga, inesimilo futhi idumile ezweni. Ubaba uMontalbo washona ngoFebhuwari 1, 1701.
UDon Juan de Lezica noTorrezuri
Emlandweni weNcasakazi yaseLuján, uDon Juan de Lezica y Torrezuri uthathwa njengesikhulu esivelele eMqheleni waseSpain owakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe eCabildo yaseBuenos Aires, ephethe iziqu zobukhosi ezinjengophawu, waze wabhekwa njengesakhamuzi saseRiphabhulikhi yase-Argentina futhi ebandakanyeka kakhulu uyibeke ezingeni ledolobha, nokuba ngomunye wabahlomuli abakhulu ekwakheni i-basilica egameni lakhe.
ULieutenant wasebukhosini u-Don Juan de Lezica y Torrezuri wayengumlingiswa owaziwayo futhi ohlonishwayo kulo lonke elaseLatin America, ehlala eBolivia futhi ezinikele emsebenzini wakhe webhizinisi nowohambo ezweni lonke nezwekazi. Kungazelelwe kusukela kwesinye isikhathi kuya kwesinye wagula kakhulu futhi wenza isinqumo sokuthuthela eBuenos Aires kodwa kubo bonke odokotela waxoshwa engenathemba lokuphila.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngizwa ngezimangaliso zeNcasakazi yaseLuján, umgcini ongcwele wase-Argentina; ekhumbula zonke izindaba ezithandwayo ezihlobene naye, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, wathuthela endlini yesonto lakhe ngokuzethemba efuna isimangaliso ngempilo yakhe, lapho efika lapho waphulukiswa ngokuphelele, ngemva kwalokho, waphinde wathuthela eBolivia kodwa isifo saphinde sabuya, ngakho wathatha isinqumo sokubuyela eSpain ukuze achithe isizini nomndeni wakhe, ekupheleni konyaka wanquma ukumisa eBueruginsts esuka eVieruginst Aires lapho ayekhululekile khona futhi ekhululekile.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ibhanela lazizwa libonga ngokuphelele ngoba lathi ukusindiswa kwakhe livela eNcasakazini yaseLuján, ngakho wanquma ukuthuthela e-Argentina futhi akhe ithempeli egameni leNcasakazi. Waqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zezomnotho, zezombangazwe, zezenhlalakahle, nezokuphatha ukuze enze umsebenzi wakhe ngesandla.
Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwaqala phakathi nonyaka ka-1754, kwavula izisekelo ezintsha ngokusekelwa ezinye iziphathimandla ezinjengoMonsignor Marcelino kanye no-Agramonte, bemba phansi edwaleni, lapho umbhoshongo wawucishe ube ngamamitha angama-39 ukuphakama, nawo Idome elingamamitha angama-66,5 ubude lapho bekufakwe khona indawo ebiyelwe yi-semicircular; 13,2 ububanzi futhi ibuye ibe ne-nave ecishe ibe ngamamitha ayi-12 ukuphakama.
Ithempeli laqedwa maphakathi no-1763 futhi lavulwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva i-Virgin yabe isithuthelwa ethempelini layo elisha lapho yayizohlala khona iminyaka eyi-141 kuze kube maphakathi no-1904, i-Ensign Lezica yanikeza isikhundla se-Villa futhi yanikeza ukuzimela okuphelele endaweni engcwele ye-Virgin of Luján. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi wakhe waqashelwa kakhulu, waze waqanjwa ngokuthi imeya yeDolobha laseBuenos Aires.
Ukwakhiwa kweGreat Basilica
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1889, uBaba uJorge María Salvaire wamiswa njengompristi wesifunda sethempeli laseLuján, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njalo ngezikhathi ezithile kuqokwa umpristi omusha ophethe imisebenzi yebandla futhi ngendlela efanayo. umfundisi wentombi kwamenyezelwa ukuthi wabelwa ubaba ofanayo uJorge María. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ubaba wayesenhliziyweni yakhe ukukhulisa ithempeli lentombi ethempelini elifanele ubukhulu bakhe.
Maphakathi nonyaka ka-1890, ngemva kokunqoba izithiyo ezinkulu ezikholelwayo, wakwazi ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwe-basilica, ekwazi ukukhetha izakhiwo kanye namamodeli ahlukene wokuklama, ekhetha isitayela seGothic, isitayela esithuthukisiwe kakhulu eNtshonalanga. I-basilica yaseYurophu ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, ngale ndlela ukuqala kwe-basilica nethempeli elisha kwaqala, lapho kutholakala khona isithombe seNcasakazi yaseLuján.
Iqembu elikhulu labalingiswa bangaleso sikhathi endaweni yezokwakha nonjiniyela lagqama. Njengo-Alfonso Flamand kanye no-Rómulo Ayerza (onjiniyela); Ulrich Courtois, Ernesto Moreau, Francisque Fleury Tronquoy, Trouve and Laspe (abadwebi bezakhiwo). Ukuqala umsebenzi lapho umbhishobhi omkhulu esephethe ukuthwala wonke umsebenzi, esebenzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ifilosofi yokungachithi imali engaphezu kwalokho okwakukweletwa ekwakheni kunalokho okugunyaziwe.
Ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwe-basilica kwadala isasasa elikhulu emphakathini wase-Argentina, ngemibiko yenqubekelaphambili komagazini namaphephandaba, okwakhuthaza iqiniso lokuthi kwakungekho mnikelo ovela kuhulumeni noma kuhulumeni kodwa ukuthi lakhiwe ngemali engenayo enikelwe ngabalandeli abathembekile Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, izisekelo ezihlukahlukene zasungulwa emhlabathini futhi izindonga zenselele enkulu uBaba uSalvaire waqala ukuvuka.
Phakathi kwezinhlelo ezihlukene, kuhlelwe amahhavini wezitini, kanye ne-blacksmithing, ama-workshops amatshe, uhlobo lokubaza, phakathi kweminye imininingwane. Kangangoba abaphathi abaphezulu bakubheka njengokufisa ukuvelela nokukhulu kakhulu iphrojekthi, bephikisana nezinye zezicelo, bephikisana nezinhlelo kanye nokubambezela ukwakhiwa komsebenzi, kuze kube yilapho umbhishobhi omkhulu ememezela:
"Intombi ifuna leli thempeli futhi abantu base-Argentina, bazi ukuthi kumayelana nosanta wabo oyisivikelo, baye baphana kakhulu, futhi kuwumsebenzi wokugqamisa uMama weZulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe nesonto elimfanele"
Lapho zonke izinhlelo zochwepheshe u-Ulrico Courtois no-Alfonso Flamand sezivunyiwe, abaqala amaphrojekthi abo maphakathi nawo-1890, beqhuba ukumba ukuze kuqale i-Basilica yeNcasakazi yaseLuján ekhonjiswe ezinhlelweni zomsebenzi.
Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi maphakathi no-1895, kwaba nezikhukhula eziningi ngenxa yokuthi uMfula iLuján wawuseduze nendawo okwakusakhiwa kuyo, ukwakhiwa kwabambezeleka kwaze kwaba maphakathi no-1895, lapho ukwakhiwa kwakwazi ukuqhubeka. Kuleli qophelo, kwaqala ukwakhiwa ezingosini nasezingonsini, kwafakwa amafasitela e-rose nezindonga eziseningizimu seziqedwa.
Ngeshwa, phakathi no-1899, uBaba uSalvaire washona futhi izinsalela zakhe zangcwatshwa entshonalanga ye-transept ngaphakathi kwe-basilica uBaba uBrignardello waqokwa ukuba athathe isikhundla sakhe futhi alawule ukwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni, kwakusatshwa ukuthi umsebenzi uzokhubazeka ngenxa yokungabikho komvikeli wawo oyinhloko, kodwa kwenzeka okuphambene ngoba waqhubeka nokusekelwa nomdlandla wamakholwa.
Maphakathi no-1904, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomsebenzi wokwakha zase ziqediwe, futhi isonto lalinezithombe ezingu-14 ezihloselwe i-altare elikhulu. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokufundisa, umsebenzi waqedwa futhi umfanekiso kaLuján wasuswa ethempelini Lezica wayiswa ekamelweni lalo elisha.
Iminyaka eyikhulu yeSimangaliso
Igama elithi tercentenary lanikezwa lona lineminyaka engamakhulu amathathu kusukela lesi simangaliso senziwa okokuqala. Eqokomisa iqiniso lokugunyazwa kombhishobhi omkhulu, lapho athatha khona umthwalo wemfanelo ogcwele, waphawuleka kakhulu ngokungachithi imali engaphezu kokugunyazwe ukwakha, wafinyelela eqophelweni lokucashunwa komagazini namaphephandaba ahlukahlukene, njengokuthi "La Perla del Plata" eyasungulwa ngawo lowo nyaka futhi iphinde yazuza ukuthandwa okukhulu ngokulandela umsebenzi weNcasakazi yaseLuján.
Igcizelela ngaso sonke isikhathi isasasa elikhulu, idala isimo sokusekela kanye nentshiseko enkulu kuwo wonke amakholwa angabalandeli abakhulu bezimfundiso zikaMarian, ngakho-ke yagqama ukugubha iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu eyasungula unyaka we-1630, indawo lapho. Inqola yenqaba ukuqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho intombi encane ibekwa eduze nomfula iLuján, ngakho-ke, kwaba nomgubho omkhulu wokukhumbula lowo mcimbi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakhethwa inyanga eyisikhumbuzo yeNcasakazi yaseLuján, kwathi u-Okthoba waba inyanga efanelekile yokugubha iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu yalesi simangaliso, nesonto eligcwele elinikezelwe kuzo zonke izikhumbuzo nemikhosi elungiselelwe iNcasakazi yaseLuján, ngaphezu kokufaneleka ekugujweni kweNcasakazi yaseLuján futhi i-basilica yafinyelela umvuthwandaba egameni lakhe, iwunyaka obaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abalandeli bayo abakhulu.
Ezibiza ngokuthi Iviki Elikhulu LamaLujanense Leminyaka Eyikhulu, ngeSonto, ngo-Okthoba 5, ngalolo suku lwamenyezelwa njengosuku olusemthethweni lwentombi nto, ngaphezu kokuzimemezela njengosanta omkhulu wamaRiphabhulikhi amathathu asePlata: i-Argentina, iParaguay ne-Uruguay. . Ngenxa yokuzinikela okukhulu okukhona e-Argentina, ukuthandwa kwayo kwasakazekela emazweni angomakhelwane futhi ngenxa yezivumelwano ezinkulu zezombangazwe nezendawo kwaba nokwenzeka ukunweba ukusekela kwayo.
Maphakathi nawo-1930, omunye wababhishobhi abakhulu baseLa Plata kanye noLuján, owaziwa ngelikaMonsignor Francisco Alberti, waqaphela ukuzinikela kwakhe okukhulu nomsebenzi wakhe wokuzinikela egameni leNcasakazi, wacela egameni lama-episcopate ase-Argentina, e-Uruguayan naseParaguay kuPapa uPius XI, isimemezelo esisemthethweni sikaLutron of the Virgin of the Virgin.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubhekwa njengosanta noma intombi njengomphathi wesizwe, ukukhulekelwa okuyinhloko kunikezwa ubukhulu bakhe, ngaphezu kwezwe elibizwa ngokuthi umlandeli wakhe oyinhloko, omele phambi kweSonto LamaKatolika njengegunya elingokomoya eliyinhloko izwe, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezimangaliso eziqhubekayo, abalandeli abaningi kanye nomkhondo omkhulu wokuzinikela kweNcasakazi, kwakubhekwa njengokubalulekile ukunikeza iNcasakazi yaseLuján isiqu esinjalo.
Ngo-September 8, 1930, iNcasakazi yaseLuján imenyezelwa njengosanta ongumvikeli wasezulwini phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Ngemva kokumenyezelwa, isikhumbuzo esinikezelwe egameni lakhe senziwa phambi kwe-basilica eyakhiwe futhi yaqedwa, ekhona yiziphathimandla eziyinhloko zesonto ezihilelekile emsebenzini onjengoMonsignor Andrea, Monsignor Dionisio Napal ababephethe isifungo phambi kuka. isixuku esikhulu, lapho babika khona ukuthi iNcasakazi uMariya waseLuján yamukelwa njengosanta ongumvikeli wase-Argentina.
Kwakuwusuku lomgubho lapho umbhoshongo wawukhala kakhulu, kwaculwa amaculo okugubha, kwamenyezelwa namaculo ezizwe ezintathu zesiliva. Kwakubhekwa njengolunye lwezinsuku ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu base-Argentina futhi olugujwa kakhulu yiwo wonke amakholwa.
I-Buenos Aires Mission
IBuenos Aires ibhekwa njengenhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yase-Argentina, lapho maphakathi nawo-1960, idolobha elikhulu laligubha izinsuku ezingavamile ezihlukile kwamanye, ligubha okokuqala ukuzinikela kwalo okukhulu eNcasakazini uMariya waseLuján futhi licela njalo umusa wasezulwini. .
Ukungena kwabantu abaningi phakathi kwabalandeli, izithunywa zevangeli zase-Argentina nezakwamanye amazwe lapho beze ukuzogubha ukuzinikela okukhulu isizwe esabelana ngakho, phakathi kwabathembekile abakhulu okwakudingeka bagxile ekushumayeleni ivangeli lapho babegxile ekuzinikeleni okukhulu kweNcasakazi yaseLuján. nalabo balandeli abathembekile bezimfundiso zikaMarian ezinikezwa iSonto LamaKatolika.
Ngo-September 28 wawo lowo nyaka, umkhosi waqala lapho isithombe seNcasakazi yaseLuján siphuma esontweni njengomfanekiso omele owesifazane oyisithunywa sevangeli, siqokomisa ukubaluleka kokuthwala ivangeli njengesibonelo esiyinhloko. Imikhakha eminingi yabantu base-Argentina yamemukela ngehlombe, izingoma ezihlukene, inqwaba yamaqembu ngisho nezinyembezi zomzwelo.
Amadolobhana kwakunguRodríguez, iMorón, iLomas de Zamora, i-Avellaneda, phakathi kwamanye, la madolobha ayephawuleka kakhulu ngoba lawo madolobha ayengakaze afinyelelwe, ngakho-ke, ayebhekwa njengosuku olungokomfanekiso nolubalulekile, eyisibonelo sesithunywa sevangeli esikhulu. Iqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi izixuku zabuthana, njalo zisondela ukuba yingxenye yesenzo esinjalo futhi zishukumisele wonke umuntu ekubuyisaneni okukhulu noJesu Kristu.
Amanye amaphephandaba agqama ekuxoxeni ngezenzakalo zezinsuku zokugcina, lapho agqamisa khona ukuthi izindlu zazingenamuntu nhlobo, lapho zonke izakhamuzi zazigxile ekuboneni lesi senzakalo kanye nomzuzu okhethekile, zinqwabelana kumavulandi, kumapulangwe enziwe ngengcina. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi kwenziwa yonke imisebenzi ehlobene neNcasakazi, njalo intshiseko enkulu kanye nokuxokozela, ukuhlangana njengabantu munye nomuzwa owodwa.
Ukuze kugujwe umcimbi lapho iNcasakazi yaseLuján yenziwa khona njengesithombe sezithunywa zevangeli emizaneni ekude kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Argentina, imisebenzi efana nezikole, izitolo zokulungisa izimoto, izitolo zamabhusha, nemisebenzi evamile, phakathi kokunye, yamiswa okwesikhashana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umcimbi kwakungeyona nje indaba yokuhamba kulawo madolobha akude; UMonsignor Serafini wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokwethula isithombe kuKhadinali Caggiano kanye nakuMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseBuenos Aires. Lapho isithombe sesamukelwe ngehlombe nangenjabulo enkulu, wanikeza inkulumo yokwamukela iNcasakazi.
Phakathi kwamazwi akhe, kwamenyezelwa umsebenzi omkhulu wamazwe ase-Argentina, okwakuwukuyisa lokhu kudumisa ezimishini ezihlukahlukene namavangeli ezweni lonke, ukwenza wonke umuntu azi ngokubaluleka nokufaneleka kukasanta omkhulu ongumvikeli wezwe.
Isithombe seNcasakazi yaseLuján saqhubeka nokuvakashela zonke izigodi eziseduze ezweni, ezakhethwa ngobuchule eduze kwe-basilica eyakhiwe, lonke lolu hambo lwenziwa phakathi nenyanga kaNovemba. Iqiniso lamandla amakhulu okugxila elinawo phezu kwabo bonke abakhileyo bezwe lase-Argentina kufanele liqokonyiswe, ngenxa yokuthi ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwabonwa yibo bonke ababekhona.
Ukuqeda umsebenzi omkhulu wezithunywa zevangeli ngomfanekiso weNcasakazi yaseLuján, ngenxa yempumelelo enkulu etholwe ngalolo suku, kukhunjulwa ngokubamba i-1st International Marian Congress, kugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi isenzakalo esivelele kubo bonke abalandeli beNcasakazi. kanye nezimfundiso ezihlukahlukene zamaMarian ezalandelwa ngokuduma okukhulu kulo lonke elaseLatin America.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa komcimbi, umcimbi uthuthele ePalermo Gardens ukuyophakamisa isikhumbuzo egameni leNcasakazi.
Ukuvakasha kukaJohn Paul II eBasilica yaseLuján
UJohn Paul II uthathwa njengopapa wama-264 weSonto LamaKatolika, eqokwa njengegunya lesonto ngo-1978 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-2005. Uthathwa njengopapa wokuqala wasePoland emlandweni wobuKristu bamaKatolika, upapa wakhe uthathwa njengomfundisi. okwesithathu kunabo bonke emlandweni kwathatha iminyaka engu-27. Uthathwa njengomunye wabaholi abanethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, abaneziqubulo eziningana zezici ezimelene nobukhomanisi, ngokumelene neMarxism kanye nezimfundiso zenkolo ezihlukahlukene zenkululeko.
Uthathwa njengomunye wamadoda anethonya elikhulu eYurophu, ikakhulukazi ukubambisana ekuqedeni ubukhomanisi ePoland kanye nokusebenzisana kwakhe ekukhululweni kwalo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu; Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayibonakala ngokusungula izixhumanisi ezintsha zokuxhumana phakathi kwamasonto angamaJuda, ama-Orthodox namaSheshi. Kalula nje, kubhekwa njengenye yemidlalo yamapapa ebabazekayo futhi enethonya kunawo wonke.
UPapa John Paul II waphawuleka ngokuthatha uhambo nokuhambela kaningi emhlabeni wonke, njalo njengesinye sezifanekiselo zeSonto LamaKatolika, phakathi kwazo ukuhambela kwakhe izwe lase-Argentina kugqama njengokuvakashela isonto laseLuján ngo-1982; wemukelwa kwesinye seziteshi zesitimela esikhulu ngomunye wababhishobhi beBasilica owaziwa ngokuthi uMbhishobhi waseMercedes kanye noMonsignor Emilio Ogñenovich.
Edlulisela uPapa John Paul II esontweni, kodwa ngaphambi kokufika wayelindelwe isixuku esasiqhaqhazela nesixuku esaqala ukuphephezelisa amafulege nokuhalalisa futhi sicula; Ngemva kokuzethula esixukwini, wangena endlini yesonto futhi wakhuleka phambi kweNcasakazi yaseLuján yehliswa kuphela e-altare layo legolide ukuze libekwe endaweni ephakeme kaPapa.
“Ngiza ukuzothandazela bonke abalahlekelwe yizimpilo zabo: izisulu nhlangothi zombili; emindenini ehluphekayo, njengoba ngenza naseGreat Britain. Ngiza ukuzothandazela ukuthula, ukuze ngithole isisombululo esinesizotha nesinobulungisa ezingxabanweni zezikhali»
Ngemva kokuqeda ukuthandaza, wasukuma wanikeza iNcasakazi ibhokisi elalivuleke ngokuphelele elaline-Golden Rose, isipho esikhethekile esivela eSontweni LamaKatolika nasegameni likaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kuvakasha kwakubhekwa njengophawu kulo lonke elase-Argentina, njengoba kuhlonishwe umuntu obaluleke kangaka nohlonishwa kangaka, ogqame njengomcimbi omkhulu wokuhlonipha iNcasakazi.
IHomily of Pope Francis in Luján 2012
UKhadinali Jorge Mario Bergoglio, owaziwa namuhla ngelikaPapa Francis, uthathwa njengomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu e-Argentina, njengoba engupapa wokuqala odabuka e-Argentina. Waziwa kabanzi ngezinto eziningi azifezile emhlabeni wobuKristu nasemhlabeni wezwe, esebenza njengoprofesa wezilimi nezengqondo, umsizi wamakhemikhali, kanye nempahla ebalulekile emphakathini wamaJesuit.
UnguPapa wama-266 futhi unguPapa wamanje weBandla lamaKhatholika, uthathwa njengomunye wabapristi abakhulu owayengaphansi kwengubo kaPapa John Paul II, ekuqaleni wayethathwa njengoPapa ngemva kokushona kukaJohn Paul II kodwa kwakhethwa uBenedict XVI, maphakathi no-2013 kwaba nengqungquthela lapho ukwesula kukaPapa kwaqokonyiswa futhi ngemva kokhetho luka-Argeine Jorgentine an Bergogli.
UKhadinali Jorge Bergoglio wayaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe eminingi e-Argentina, lapho ayekhonza khona njengompristi futhi wahlanganyela ngokwethembeka emikhosini yeNcasakazi yaseLuján Enye yezintshumayelo zakhe zokugcina, azinikezela ekumhlonipheni maphakathi no-2012 phakathi nohambo olungcwele lwentsha ngaphambi kokuba aqokwe njengoPhapha, wanikezela i-homily ngesikhathi sohambo lwama-38, olulandela uhambo lokungcwele.
Namuhla siphetha lolu hambo oluya eNdlini Yentombi, futhi njengoba kwenziwa minyaka yonke nasekuhambeleni kwayo ngakunye, sizothula phambi kwesithombe sayo. Kumele sazi ukuthi usondelene kakhulu nathi, yena osamukela endlini yakhe kulo nyaka, le Ndlu esibonga ngayo ihlotshiswe ngobuhle kakhulu. Kungakho sibonga kakhulu kubo bonke abafake umzamo wabo kulokhu. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, sinalesi sidingo sokuthandaza, ukubuza, nokutshela uMama wethu konke okuyingxenye yempilo yethu, futhi ikakhulukazi kubo bonke abahambi abasendleleni.
Manje, kuyadingeka ukuthi silalele iVangeli elisitshela ukuthi umzuzu lapho uJesu asishiya khona uMama wakhe ukuze asivikele, leso sikhathi senzeka esiphambanweni futhi ngesizathu esikhulu sibambelele kuso, inkampani yeVirgin futhi kaJesu. Lapho izindlela zethu zivikelwe yizo zombili. Ukwengeza kithina maKhatholika ukuthi ukholo lwethu lukubo futhi ikakhulukazi lapha kuleNdlu yokholo yezwe lakithi! Kungakho sethula imikhuleko yethu futhi nathi sizizwa njengenhliziyo yethu ngoba sisendlini kaMama wethu, eNdlini yokukholwa yasezweni lakithi.
Namuhla njengoba singaphakathi kweNdlu kaMama wethu, sithi kuye: ukuthi usifundise ukusebenzela ubulungisa. Uyazi ukuthi ubani oqhamuke nalesi sicelo? kini. Yebo, ngoba emithandazweni abayibhalayo lapho bevakashele eLuján, lo mthandazo waqala ukubonakala, namuhla okuyisiqubulo esithi: “Mama, sifundise ukusebenzela ubulungisa.”
Lesi kufanele kube yisiqubulo esishaya ezinhliziyweni zabahambi beNcasakazi futhi okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibonakale njengomthandazo. Ma Pilgrim, bantwana baleli zwe lethu esilithandayo. Wena Luján wethu othandekayo, uyikhaya lazo zonke izingane zeNcasakazi, yingakho siza kuwe nesicelo esilandelayo: ukuba usifundise ukusebenzela ubulungisa, futhi usifundise ukusebenzela ukuba abantu abalungile ekuphileni.
Umthandazo kuNkosazana Yethu yaseLuján
Yonke inkulumo kaMarian inezinsuku zokugubha, amaculo akhethekile, amahubo ezwi, phakathi kwezinye eziningi zokuzinikela, kodwa imithandazo ephakanyiswa egameni lakhe igqama ngaphezu kwakho konke.
VUMariya oNgcwele, uMama kaNkulunkulu noMama wethu. Inkosikazi yethu yaseLuján, uMphathi wakho othandekayo wezwe lakithi; Siza phambi kwakho, siphakamisela amehlo ethu nezingalo zethu kuwe... Umama Omkhulu Wethemba, wabampofu nabahambi, silalele...
Namuhla sikucela i-Argentina, kubantu bakithi. Siyakucela ukuba ukhanyisele isizwe sethu esithandekayo ngelanga lobulungisa, ukuze ukukhanya kokusa okusha, okubi kakhulu kunangaphambili, kube ukukhanya kukaJesu. Sicela nibase umlilo omusha wothando phakathi kwethu bafowethu base-Argentina.
Thina esihlangene ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe kwefulegi lethu, nemibala yesigqoko sakho, kodwa ikakhulukazi sikutshela ukuthi ngosuku olufana nanamuhla, isinkwa sezinto ezibonakalayo siyadingeka ezindlini eziningi, kodwa ikakhulukazi isinkwa seqiniso nobulungisa . ezidingekayo emiqondweni eminingi. Siyacela ulethe isinkwa sothando phakathi kwabazalwane nesinkwa sikaJesu sishoda ezinhliziyweni.
Siyakucela mama Luján, ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke ucime inzondo, uqede izifiso ezeqisayo, ungavumeli isifiso esinamandla sezinto ezibonakalayo futhi sisakaze emhlabathini wethu, imbewu yokuthobeka, yokuqonda. Susa ukhula lokuzigqaja, uqede uKhayini ongamisa itende emhlabathini wethu, kodwa sicela ukuthi kungabibikho u-Abela ongenacala ogeza izitaladi zethu ngegazi lakhe.
Unyoko sisize ukuthi sibonane singabazalwane, ukuthi singaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esisodwa, futhi singaphansi kwefulegi elilodwa. Ukuthi sihlanganyela usizi olufanayo kodwa futhi injabulo efanayo. Sigcwalise ngethemba lakho, ukhulule ubumpofu bethu bezinto ezibonakalayo nobungokomoya nokuthi ukubamba isandla sakho masisho kakhulu kunangaphambili: ARGENTINA! E-ARGENTINA, CULA UHAMBE!
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe osithandayo, nazi izixhumanisi ezilandelayo eziya kwabanye ongaba nentshisekelo kuzo: