Muva nje isayensi ithathe isinyathelo esikhulu ekuzameni ukuxazulula enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kwezempilo namuhla: ukuntuleka kwabanikeli. Ithimba labacwaningi lithole ukuzalwa kokuqala ingulube ekhiqizwe ngofuzo enezinguquko zofuzo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitho zazo ziyahambisana nabantu, okuphawula uguquko ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu avamile.
Kule nqubo, izakhi zofuzo ezintathu ezivame ukubangela umzimba womuntu ukuba wenqabe ngokushesha noma yiziphi izicubu zangaphandle ziye zacishwa, okuwukuthuthuka okubeka lokhu eqenjini elikhethiwe kakade elenziwe yi- I-United States neChinaNakuba izindaba ziqale e-Argentina, umthelela ungowomhlaba wonke, njengoba inqubo esetshenzisiwe ivula ithuba lokuthi izikhungo zocwaningo eYurophu naseSpain ziphinde ziphinde amamodeli afanayo ukuze kuncishiswe uhlu lokulinda olungapheli.
Kungani izingulube zisindisa izimpilo zabantu?
Le ndlela eyaziwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwe-xenoUkufakelwa komuntu, okuhlanganisa ukufakelwa kwamangqamuzana, izicubu, noma izitho ezivela ohlotsheni lwesilwane zibe umuntu, kuthole umuntu ofanelekela izingulube. Lokhu akubangelwanga ngengozi, kodwa ngoba lezi zilwane zibonisa ukufana okuphawulekayo kwesimo somzimba kanye nokwemvelo kithi, ngaphezu kokuba nomjikelezo wokuzala osheshayo kakhulu osiza ucwaningo olukhulu.
Isithiyo esikhulu besilokhu siwukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba akhomba isitho sengulube njengesihlaseli esiphelele bese esibhubhisa ngemizuzu embalwa. Ukuze kugwenywe lokhu, ososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yaseBuenos Aires kanye naseNyuvesi yaseSan MartÃn basebenzisane nenkampani entsha iCrofaBiotech, besebenzisa CRISPR-Cas9 ubuchwepheshe ukuhlela i-DNA yamachwane futhi awenze "angabonakali" ezivikelweni zethu.
Ubunjiniyela be-Triple Knockout
Okwenza lesi sibonelo sibe esikhethekile ukuthi i-DNA yaso yaklanywa ngaphansi komqondo wokuthi ukugoba okuthathuNgolimi lwesayensi, lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezintathu ezithile ezibangela impendulo enamandla yokuzivikela komzimba evame ukubhubhisa ukufakelwa kwezitshalo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene "zivaliwe".
Impumelelo yale phrojekthi ayigcini nje enkambisweni yokuzalanisa, kodwa futhi naseqinisweni lokuthi lesi silwane sazalwa futhi sakhuliswa siphilile ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezilwane. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abathintekayo, njengo-Adrián Mutto, lesi sinyathelo sisenza siphuphe ngekusasa lapho singancikile khona kuphela ekupheni kwabanikeli babantu, abanezinga lokutholakala elicishe limboze kakhulu isilwane. amaphesenti ayishumi esidingo emhlabeni jikelele ngokusho kwe-WHO.
Inqubo yokuhlinzwa enembile kakhulu
Uhambo olusuka elabhorethri ukuya esibayeni sezingulube lube yinto ebalulekile yobunjiniyela bokuhlinza. Ngokungafani nokufakelwa kwesidoda okuvamile, kulokhu i-laparotomy encane kakhulu ukufaka ama-embryo ahleliwe futhi avundisiwe ngqo emgudwini wemvelo oxhumanisa i-ovary nesibeletho sengulube etholakele.
Le ndlela ivumela kuze kufike ku- Ama-embryo ahleliwe angu-120 ngenqubo eyodwa, okuqinisekisa izinga lempumelelo eliphakeme kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko. UMarcelo Acerbo, uchwepheshe wokuzalanisa izingulube, ukhombe ukuthi banesibopho sokuqapha ukukhulelwa kanye nokuzala, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingulube ezincane zizalwe zisesimweni esihle kakhulu sokukhuliswa kwazo okulandelayo ezindaweni eziphephile kakhulu.
Izinhlaka ezidingekayo kanye nendlela engaphambili
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kulo msebenzi omkhulu ukwengeza izinguquko ezengeziwe zofuzo, kufinyelelwe izinguquko eziyishumi noma eziyishumi nambili. Lokhu kuzohlanganisa ukuvimba ama-hormone okukhulaLokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela inhliziyo noma isibindi sengulube ukuthi singakhuli kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, ngoba isilwane esikhulile singadlula kalula amakhilogremu angu-200 ngesisindo.
Basebenza ngisho nezinhlobo ezincane, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-mini-pig, izitho zazo ezingaba zilungele iziguli zezingane. Umgomo omkhulu ukusungula indawo yokuzalanisa izitho ezivikelekile lapho izilwane zizalana khona ngokwemvelo futhi zidlulisele lokhu kuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo ebantwaneni bazo, okususa isidingo sokwenziwa kwe-cloning yomuntu ngamunye kwesiguli ngasinye.
Lolu cwaningo luphawula ukuqala kwesigaba sokuqinisekisa esizohlala iminyaka eminingana futhi sidinga izifundo eziningi zangaphambi kokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba sibone isitho sokuqala sengulube sisebenza kumuntu ngezinga elikhulu. Imininingwane yamanje iyathembisa kakhulu, njengoba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kubonisa ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somuntu asiqapheli lesi sitho njengesingaphandle phakathi... amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili yamangqamuzana aguquliwe, okumelela ithemba langempela ezinkulungwaneni zabantu abalindele ukufakelwa isitho minyaka yonke.