Ukuhamba nezinja, amakati, noma ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo eYurophu akusasho nje ukupakisha isikhwama kanye nentambo. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ungahamba nezilwane zakho ezifuywayo futhi wenze indlela yakho eYurophu. April 22Ukuhamba phakathi kwamazwe e-European Union nezilwane ezifuywayo kuhilela ukuhambisana nesethi yezidingo eziqinile, lapho ipasipoti yezilwane zaseYurophu Iba yingxenye ebalulekile futhi iyimpoqo ngokuphelele ezimweni ezithile.
I-EU inqume ukuthatha isinyathelo esengeziwe ekulawulweni kwezempilo kanye nokuhlonza izilwane eziwela imingcele. Esimweni lapho Cishe ingxenye yemindeni yaseYurophu ihlala nesilwane esifuywayo Futhi lapho ukuhamba ngamaholide, umsebenzi noma ukufuduka kuvame kakhulu, iBrussels iqinisa imithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa ukulandeleka, ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo kanye nokuvimbela ukushushumbiswa kwabantu ngokungemthetho.
Iyini ipasipoti yesilwane saseYurophu futhi ithinta bani?
El Ipasipoti yesilwane saseYurophu Kuyidokhumenti yokuhlonza izilwane esemthethweni, ejwayelekile esetshenziswa kulo lonke elase-EU. Ikhishwa kuphela izinja, amakati kanye ama-ferret asekhaya abanikazi bawo abahlala eZweni Eliyilungu, futhi babonisa ukuthi isilwane sihlonziwe kahle futhi siyahlangabezana nezimfuneko zempilo, ikakhulukazi mayelana namarabi.
Le paspoti ifaka ulwazi olubalulekile olufana nokuthi ikhodi ye-microchip (noma i-tattoo efundekayo uma yenziwe ngaphambi kukaJulayi 3, 2011), incazelo yesilwane, igama lomnikazi kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana, kanye nomlando waso ukugoma amarabi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha zezilwane ezifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi ukusayina kanye nezimpawu zikadokotela wezilwane ogunyaziwe okhipha futhi akubuyekeze.
Imithetho yaseYurophu ikwenza kucace ukuthi lo mbhalo uyimpoqo ukuhamba okungeyona eyezentengiselwano Ngaphakathi kwe-Union, lokhu kubhekisela ohambweni lapho kungekho ukuthengiswa noma ukushintshwa kobunikazi nalapho isilwane sihamba nomnikazi waso noma umuntu ogunyaziwe. Uma ukunyakaza kungokwezinjongo zokuhweba noma kudlula imingcele ethile, kusebenza imithetho eqinile kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, amagundane, onogwaja noma izinhlanzi zokuhlobisaAyikho ipasipoti evamile. Kulezi zimo, kuyasebenza uMthethonqubo (EU) 2016/429 kanye nemithethonqubo ethile yezilwane yezwe ngalinye, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola izidingo zezwe oya kulo ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Ukubuyekezwa koMthethonqubo (i-EU) 2016/429 kanye nokuphela kwesikhathi soguquko
Uhlaka lwezomthetho olulawula ukuhamba kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngaphakathi kwe-EU manje seluhlanganiswe ngokugcwele nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi Umthetho Wezempilo Yezilwane Umthethonqubo WaseYurophu (i-EU) 2016/429. Lo mbhalo wawusuvele usebenza, kodwa kusukela mhla zingama-22 kuMbasa, isikhathi soguquko sesiqediwe futhi indlela osetshenziswa ngayo kulo lonke iNyunyana iqinisiwe.
Empeleni, iBrussels ayisunguli uhlelo olusha kusukela ekuqaleni, kodwa kunalokho kuqinisa izilawuli, kuvala izikhala futhi kuvumelanisa ukuhumusha phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. IKhomishini yaseYurophu kanye nengosi esemthethweni ye-Your Europe bagcizelela ukuthi umgomo ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanayo lokuvikelwa kwezempilo nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okukhohlisayo kwezincwadi zokuhamba zezilwane ezifuywayo.
Izici zobuchwepheshe nazo ziyabuyekezwa, njengezidingo ze- ukuhlonza microchipsLezi zinombolo kumele zivumele ukufundwa okucacile kwenombolo, okuhlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye idatha, ikhodi yezwe lemvelaphi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulandelela uhambo lwesilwane nokuqinisekisa ulwazi oluboniswe kupasipoti yaso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kufaka phakathi ishejuli yokuzivumelanisa nedokhumentariAmamodeli amasha esitifiketi sezempilo se-EU kumele asetshenziswe kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu 2026, kanti amapasipoti abuyekeziwe kanye nezimfuneko ezithile zokuhlonza kuzoba yimpoqo kusukela mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2028. Amadokhumenti akhishwe ngaphambi kwalezo zinsuku azohlala esebenza uma nje ehlangabezana nezimo ezibekiwe.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo: i-microchip, ukugomela amarabi kanye nemibhalo
Ukuze kuhanjwe nenja, ikati noma i-ferret ngaphakathi kwe-European Union, umthetho ubeka uchungechunge lwezindlela izimo eziyisibopho Lezi zidingo, ezazivele zikhona ezimweni eziningi, manje seziqashwe ngokucophelela nangokulinganayo. Isisekelo silula: ngaphandle kokuhlonza okufanele kanye nokugoma kwakamuva, ukuhamba akuphephile futhi akusemthethweni.
- I-microchip eyisibophoIsilwane kumele sihlonzwe nge-microchip ngokuhambisana nemithetho ye-EU. Ama-tattoo afundekayo kuphela amukelwayo uma enziwe ngaphambi kukaJulayi 3, 2011, futhi ahlala efundeka kahle.
- Ukugonyelwa amarabi okusebenza kahleUkugonyelwa kwamarabi kumele kube semthethweni futhi kubhalwe phansi ngendlela efanele epasipoti. Ekugonyelweni kokuqala, isilwane kumele okungenani sibe namaviki ayi-12 ubudala futhi isikhathi esithile kumele sibe sesidlulile kusukela ekugonyelweni kokuqala. Izinsuku ze-21 ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuhamba.
- Ipasipoti yesilwane saseYurophu: ekhishwe udokotela wezilwane ogunyaziwe, enazo zonke izinkambu ezibalulekile eziqediwe (umnikazi, imininingwane yesilwane, ukumaka, ukukhishwa, ukugomela amarabi kanye, lapho kufanele khona, nezinye izindlela zokwelapha).
- Umkhawulo wezilwane: Ezinyathelweni ezingezona ezentengiselwano, ukuhamba kuvunyelwe ngobuningi obungafika ku- izilwane ezifuywayo ezinhlanu ngohambo ngalunye. Ukudlula lelo nani kuvame ukuguqula uhambo lube uhambo lwebhizinisi, olunezidingo eziqinile kakhulu.
Uma ukufuduka kwenziwa kusuka ku- izwe lesithathu elibheke kwi-EUNgaphezu kwe-microchip kanye nomuthi wokugomela amarabi, Isitifiketi sempilo yezilwane se-European UnionLo mbhalo uhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nobunikazi besilwane, isimo sempilo kanye nokugonywa, usekelwe kumodeli ejwayelekile futhi kumele usayinwe udokotela wezilwane ogunyaziwe ezweni lemvelaphi.
Kwezinye izindawo, kunesibopho esengeziwe sokuhlinzeka ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kwama-antibodies ngokumelene nama-rabiesLokhu kuhlaziya kusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ukhiqize isivikelo esanele ngaphambi kokugunyaza ukungena kwesilwane endaweni yomphakathi.
Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile kuye ngezwe
Ngaphandle kokuhlonza nokugoma, amanye amazwe angamalungu aphoqelela ukwelashwa okuthile Ukuvimbela ukungena kwezinambuzane nezifo ezithile endaweni yazo. Lezi yizinyathelo ezifakwa epasipoti futhi kumele zihlelwe kusenesikhathi, njengoba zivame ukuba nezinsuku zokugcina eziqondile kakhulu.
Emazweni afana IFinland, i-Ireland, iMalta, iNorway noma iNyakatho ye-IrelandIzinja kufanele zithole ukwelashwa ngokumelene ne-parasite i-Echinococcus multilocularis zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-120 ngaphambi kokufika. Udokotela wezilwane kumele abhale lokhu kwelashwa epasipoti ngenhloso yokulawula umngcele.
Endabeni EspañaUMnyango Wezolimo ukhumbuza abahambi ukuthi ukuze bangene kwi-EU besuka kwelinye iLungu lezwe nezinja, amakati, nama-ferret, kubalulekile ukuthi isilwane sitholakale kahle futhi sigonywe ngokumelene namarabi, nokuthi ipasipoti ifaka, okungenani, izingxenye zomnikazi, incazelo yesilwane, ukumaka, usuku lokukhishwa, kanye nokugonyelwa amarabi. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi, idokhumenti ibhekwa njengengaphelele.
Kunomkhawulo owodwa obaluleke kakhulu kulabo abahamba nezinjana: iSpain ayivumeli ukungena kwe- izinja, amakati noma ama-ferret angaphansi kwamasonto ayi-15 ubudala Uma bengakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesimiso sokugomela amarabi esisemthethweni. Njengoba umthamo wokuqala unganikezwa ngaphambi kwamasonto ayi-12 ubudala futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-21 ukuthi usebenze, izilwane ezincane azikwazi ukungena ngokusemthethweni kuleli zwe.
Kwezinye izinhlobo ezifakiwe ku-Regulation (EU) 2016/429, njengezinye izinyoni noma izilwane ezincane ezincelisayoKusebenza izinhlaka ezithile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izidingo ezifana nezitifiketi ezengeziwe zezempilo noma izikhathi zokuvalelwa. Kunconywa ukuhlola imithetho yezwe oya kulo kusenesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukumangala emngceleni.
Ungayithola kanjani futhi kuphi ipasipoti yesilwane sakho saseYurophu
Ukuthola ipasipoti yesilwane saseYurophu kuyinqubo elula uma nje isilwane sihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo. Idokhumenti ikhishwa ngendlela umtholampilo wezilwane ogunyaziwe, ngemva kokufakwa kwe-microchip kanye nokunikezwa komjovo werabies (noma ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi usesikhathini).
Udokotela wezilwane uqinisekisa ulwazi lomnikazi, ahlole isimo sempilo yesilwane, bese eqhubeka nokugcwalisa ithempulethi yepasipoti esemthethweniukuqopha ukuhlonza, ukugoma, kanye, lapho kufanele khona, ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane. Uma sekuqediwe futhi kwagxivizwa, kunikezwa umnikazi, okumele akugcine futhi akuveze njalo lapho ewela umngcele ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
Ipasipoti inayo ubuqiniso obungapheli Uma nje ulwazi lwezempilo (ikakhulukazi ukugomela amarabi) lugcinwa lusesikhathini. Uma umuthi wokugomela uvunyelwe ukuphelelwa yisikhathi noma ukubhaliswa kwawo kudokhumenti kushiywe, ipasipoti ingase ingasasebenzi ngezinjongo zokuhamba, noma ngabe incwajana ebonakalayo isekhona.
Ngokuphathelene nentengo, umthetho waseYurophu awubeki amanani athile. ESpain, amanani ajwayelekile ayahlukahluka Ama-euro ayi-10 kuya kwangu-30 ngepasipoti€30 kuya ku-€60 nge-microchip kanye €20 kuya ku-€50 ngemithi yokugomela isifo samarabi. Sekukonke, ukulungiselela isilwane ohambweni lwaso lokuqala ngaphakathi kwe-EU kuvame ukubiza phakathi Ama-50 kanye nama-120 eurosbese kwenezelwa izindleko zokugcina imijovo kanye nokwelashwa kusesikhathini.
Uma uhambo luqala ezweni elingelona ilungu leNyunyana, esikhundleni sepasipoti, kusetshenziswa okulandelayo: Isitifiketi sezempilo yezilwane sase-EULesi sitifiketi, okumele sitholwe nodokotela wezilwane ogunyazwe yiziphathimandla zezwe lokuzalwa, ngokungafani nepasipoti, sinesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokusebenza futhi ngokuvamile siyadingeka ohambweni ngalunye.
Ukuhamba nesilwane somunye umuntu kanye nokunciphisa inani lezilwane
Imithetho yaseYurophu yenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuvumela izilwane ukuthi zihambehamba. kanye nomnikazi wayoUmqondo ukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufihla ukuthi yini ngempela uhambo lwebhizinisi noma ngisho namacala okushushumbiswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngokungemthetho njengohambo lwangasese.
Kodwa-ke, isilwane sivunyelwe ukuhamba nomunye umuntu uma umnikazi esayina ukugunyazwa okubhaliwe Futhi uma isikhathi esithile sihlonishwa: umnikazi kumele ahambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi noma ngemva kohambo lwesilwane. Ukudlula leso sikhathi kungabangela ukuthi uhambo lubhekwe njengolwezentengiselwano.
Ingxenye ephezulu ye izilwane ezinhlanu Ukuhamba kungenye isithiyo esiyinhloko sokuhlukanisa phakathi kokunyakaza kwangasese kanye nokudluliselwa ngenhloso yokuthengisa noma yokushintshanisa. Okuhlukile kuvunyelwe kuphela ezimweni ezithile, njengemincintiswano yezemidlalo noma imibukiso eyaziwayo, futhi njalo kunemibhalo eyengeziwe esekelayo.
Uma umkhawulo ovunyelwe weqiwe noma umnikazi ehluleka ukuthobela imibandela ehambisana nawo, iziphathimandla zingasebenzisa uhlelo lwe- ukunyakaza kokuhwebaokuhlanganisa izidingo zezempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukubhaliswa okuqondile, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukugunyazwa kwangaphambilini.
Lonke loluhlaka lufuna okuthile okucacile kakhulu: ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa okungekho emthethweni kanye nokuqamba amanga kwemibhalo, imikhuba emibili engagcini nje ngokulimaza inhlalakahle yezilwane, kodwa futhi ebeka engcupheni impilo yomphakathi kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
ISpain: ukuhlonza okuyimpoqo, izibalo kanye nezijeziso
ESpain, imfuneko yokuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zibe kuhlonzwe kahle Lokhu akukusha. Eqinisweni, uMthetho 7/2023, wangoMashi 28, mayelana nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo nenhlalakahle yezilwane, uhlanganisa isibopho sokuhlonza izinja namakati, phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, nokuzixhumanisa nomnikazi ezikhungweni zokubhalisa zesifunda.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Official State Gazette, kunezingaphezu kwalokho izilwane ezifuywayo eziyizigidi eziyishumi nantathu ezibhalisiwe futhi ezihlonziweKodwa-ke, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezilwane isalokhu ingaphandle kokulawulwa okusemthethweni. Ucwaningo lwe-Affinity Foundation kanye noMnyango Wezokwelapha Ngengqondo kanye Nezokwelapha Kwezomthetho e-Autonomous University of Barcelona lubonisa ukuthi yi-27,7% kuphela yezinja ezifika ezindaweni zokukhosela ezifakwe ama-microchip, okuyisibalo esehla saya ku-4,3% uma kwenzeka amakati.
Lokhu kuntuleka kokuhlonza kwenza kube nzima ukuthola abanikazi uma kwenzeka belahlekelwa noma beshiywa, futhi ngokusho kwe-BOE (Official State Gazette), kungaba yingozi kokubili. ukuvikelwa kwesilwane ngokwaso kanye nempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuqinisa imithetho yaseYurophu mayelana nokuhamba kuhambisana kahle nomqondo wokuthi akukho silwane okufanele sishiywe ngaphandle kohlelo lokulawula.
Endabeni yezigwebo, uMthetho 7/2023 usungula ukuthi ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezibopho zokuhlonza Ukufa kwesilwane kuyicala elibi kakhulu. Izinhlawulo ezihambisana nalokhu zingasukela ku-€10.000 kuya ku-... I-50.000 euro Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, lolu hlu lungasetshenziswa nalapho ukuntuleka kokuhlonza kuthinta ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kwe-European Union.
Ngaphezu kwezijeziso zezimali, iziphathimandla zingase zibeke izinyathelo ezengeziwe, njengokubanjwa kwesilwane okwesikhashana noma ukwenqatshelwa kokugcinwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo isikhathi esithile, kuye ngokuthi ukuziphatha kubucayi kangakanani kanye nokuphindaphinda kwaleso senzo.
Kwenzekani uma uhamba ungenayo ipasipoti noma ungenayo imibhalo edingekayo?
Ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwe-European Union ngaphandle kokuhlonipha imithetho kungabiza kakhulu. Uma isilwane sakho singenayo ipasipoti yaseYurophu esebenzayo noma ingahlangabezani nezidingo zezempilo ezidingekayo, izinsizakalo zokulawula imingcele zingase zisebenze ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngesimo esithile kanye nengozi etholakele.
Umphumela wokuqala ongaba khona yi- ukwenqatshwa kokungena yesilwane esisezweni lapho siya khona, okusho ukuthi umnikazi kuzodingeka anakekele ukubuyiselwa kwaso noma ikhambi elinqunywe yiziphathimandla. Kwezinye izimo, isikhathi ukuzivalela okusemqoka, izindleko zazo ezithwalwa ngumnikazi.
Uma kutholakala ukwephulwa okukhulu kwezimo zokuhlanzeka—isibonelo, ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kokugomela amarabi—isilwane singabhekwa njengesiyisilwane esivamile. ingozi yezempiloKuleso simo, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezinjengokuvalelwa yedwa noma ukubuyela ezweni lokuzalwa, umnikazi ubhekene nezijeziso ezinkulu zokuphatha ngisho necala lobugebengu uma impilo yabantu noma ezinye izilwane isengozini.
ESpain nakwamanye amazwe angamalungu, izinhlawulo ezihlobene nokuntuleka kokuhlonza, ukugoma noma amadokhumenti zingasukela emananini aphakathi kwama-euro angamakhulu amaningana kuya ku- amashumi ezinkulungwaneKuye ngokuthi icala libucayi kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kube nobugebengu obuphindaphindwayo, ukushayela konke kuhlelekile akuyona nje indaba yamaphepha, kodwa futhi nokugwema izinkinga ezinkulu nezindleko ezingalindelekile.
Nakuba izakhamuzi zase-EU zingadingi ipasipoti ukuze zithuthele kwamanye amazwe ngaphakathi kwe-EU, izilwane ezifuywayo ziyayidinga. idokhumenti ethileUkuhamba ungenawo amadokhumenti angaphelele kungalimaza iholide noma ukuthutha futhi kukuphoqe ukuba wenze izinqumo eziphuthumayo ezingathandeki.
Umthelela wangempela kubanikazi: yini eshintshayo nokuthi yini engashintshiyo
Kwabaningi abanini bezinja namakati, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neSpain lapho i-microchip nama-passport sekusabalele khona, ukuqinisekiswa kwemithetho akumeleli ushintsho olukhulu empilweni yansuku zonke, kodwa kuyakwenza lokho. ukuphoqelela okuqinile ngalokho okungase kungabonakali ngaphambili.
Empeleni, labo asebevele bethole izilwane zabo ezifuywayo, ezigonyiwe, futhi ezinepasipoti esebenzayo ngeke kudingeke benze lutho olungaphezu kwalokho izinsuku zokubuyekeza kanye nedatha Ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo: hlola ukuthi umuthi wokugomela amarabi awuphelelwe yisikhathi, ukuthi i-microchip ifundwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokuthi udokotela wezilwane ubhale yonke imithamo kanye nokwelashwa kudokhumenti.
Ushintsho luzobonakala kakhulu ezimweni lapho abantu bebezama ukuhamba khona imibhalo engaphelelengemithi yokugoma engabhalisiwe noma ngokuhamba kwezilwane eziningi ezifihle izinjongo zokuhweba. Yilapho i-EU ifuna ukuvala khona umnyango, ngokuqinisa ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlanganisa izindlela zokuhlola phakathi kwamazwe.
Imithethonqubo iphinda icacise izimo ezifana nokuhamba nesilwane sasekhaya somunye umuntu, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuba abanikazi nezilwane bahambe eduze, kanye nomehluko phakathi kohambo lomuntu siqu nolwebhizinisi. Konke lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuhumusha okuhlukile kuye ngokuthi umuntu ungene kuphi eNyunyaneni.
Esimweni lapho izigidi zabantu zihamba nezilwane zazo eYurophu njalo ehlobo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi Kudingeka ipasipoti yaseYurophu. Ezinjeni, emakati, nasezinkalweni, ukwazi ukuthi ukugomela i-microchip kanye ne-rabies kuyimpoqo nokuthi izinhlawulo zokwephula le mithetho zingaba ziphezulu kakhulu sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulungiselela noma yiluphi uhambo. Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo akugcini nje ngokugwema izinkinga emngceleni kodwa futhi kunegalelo ekuhambeni okuphephile nokulawulwa kakhudlwana nezilwane ezifuywayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
