El Isistimu Yelanga kungenzeka ukuthi isafihla iplanethi enkulu engaziwa ezindaweni zayo ezikude kakhulu. Izifundo zesayensi ziphakamisa ukuthi amaplanethi ayisishiyagalombili esiwafunde esikoleni kungenzeka angabi yindaba ephelele, nokuthi ebumnyameni, ngale kweNeptune, umhlaba omkhulu ushiya iminonjana engabonakali emizileni yemizimba emincane ebandayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2024, amaqembu amaningana aphesheya kwezilwandle aqoqene ubufakazi bezibalo kanye namandla adonsela phansi obuhambisana "nePlanethi Yesishiyagalolunye"Lokhu akusona isithombe noma ukutholwa okuqondile, kodwa isethi yeziphambeko ze-orbital, lapho zifakwa kumamodeli ekhompyutha, zichazwa kangcono ngokwethula iplanethi eyengeziwe enezinqwaba eziningana zoMhlaba.
Iyini iPlanethi Yesishiyagalolunye futhi kungani ibuyile ekukhanyeni?
Izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzisa leli gama “IPlanethi Yesishiyagalolunye” ibhekisela eplanethini enkulu engaba khona Itholakala kude kakhulu kuneNeptune, emaphethelweni eSolar System. Lo mbono awumusha: kusukela ngo-2016, abacwaningi uKonstantin Batygin noMichael E. Brown, baseCalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech), bebelokhu bephikisana ngokuthi imijikelezo ethile engavamile yezinto ezikude inengqondo kuphela uma kukhona umzimba omkhulu okhipha amandla awo adonsela phansi ebumnyameni.
Ngokwezilinganiso ezamukelwa kabanzi, Le planethi ecatshangelwayo ingaba nesisindo esiphindwe kahlanu kunesoMhlaba.Mhlawumbe nakakhulu kwamanye amamodeli. Kungaba umhlaba wohlobo "oluphezulu kakhulu" noma iqhwa elikhulu elincane, elifana neNeptune ekwakhiweni kwalo, yize litholakala kude kakhulu neLanga. amakhulu amayunithi ezinkanyezi (AU)Okusho ukuthi, ibanga eliphindwe kangamakhulu phakathi koMhlaba nenkanyezi yethu.
Lelo banga elide lisho ukuthi isikhathi sayo sokuzungeza i-orbital sizohamba kancane kakhuluIzifundo zibeka "unyaka" wawo phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10.000 neyi-20.000 yoMhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, selokhu kwavela ama-Homo sapiens, awukafiki ngisho naseduze ekuqedeni umjikelezo ogcwele ozungeze iLanga.
Kuhle ukukhumbula, ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka, ukuthi Le Planet Nine akuyona iPlutoI-Pluto yahlukaniswa kabusha ngo-2006 njengeplanethi encane ngoba ayibusi indawo yayo ngamandla adonsela phansi, kuyilapho umuntu ozongenela ukhetho lweplanethi yesishiyagalolunye ezohlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-International Astronomical Union: yayizoba yindikimba ebusayo ngokusobala esifundeni sayo.
Ukungalingani kwe-orbital: umkhondo ongaqondile wezwe elifihliwe
Iningi lentshisekelo evuselelwe kuPlanethi Yesishiyagalolunye libangelwa izinto ze-trans-NeptunianAmatshe amancane namabhulokhi eqhwa ahamba ngale komjikelezo weNeptune, ezindaweni ezifana neKuiper Belt kanye nezindawo ezikude kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zidumbu zinezindlela ezinde nezithambekele futhi ziqoqwe ngendlela, ngokusho kwamaqembu amaningana, ehlelwe ngayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yengozi..
Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2024 ku- Izincwadi ze-Astrophysical JournalUcwaningo, olwenziwe nguBatygin, u-Alessandro Morbidelli, uMichael E. Brown, noDavid Nesvorný, lugxile ezintweni ezingu-17 ezithinta i-trans-Neptunian ezithambekele kancane. nqamula umjikelezo we-NeptuneBesebenzisa ukulingisa ngezinombolo, baqhathanisa indlela izindlela zabo ezizoshintsha ngayo eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ezimweni ezimbili: ngeplanethi enkulu eyengeziwe kanye nangaphandle kwayo.
Ngokwethula kumamodeli a Iplanethi Yesishiyagalolunye ekudeImizila yalezi zidumbu yayifana kakhulu naleyo ebonwa ngokoqobo. Ngaphandle kwaleyo planethi, ukulingisa kwakhiqiza ukusatshalaliswa kwe-orbital okwahluka kakhulu kudatha elinganiswe ngama-telescope, okwaholela abalobi ekuphetheni ngokuthi isimo ngaphandle kwalowo mzimba sasincishisiwe ngokwezibalo.
Lokhu kulingisa nakho kwacabangela ezinye izici ezifanele zamandla adonsela phansiLokhu kufaka phakathi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-galactic tide" - umphumela wensimu yamandla adonsela phansi yomthala - kanye nokuhamba kwezinkanyezi eziseduze esikhathini esidlule, kanye nokufuduka kokuqala kwezinkanyezi ezinkulu kanye nokuvela kokuqala kweLanga eqenjini labazali balo. Noma kunjalo, amamodeli angafaki iplanethi yesishiyagalolunye awakalingani kahle njengalawo ahambisana nawo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembule nokuthi eziningana zalezo zinto ezikude zibonisa izimpilo eziguquguqukayo ezimfushane kakhulungemizila engazinzile ebingaphazamiseka kalula uma lesi simo esishintsha imijikelezo yazo singasebenzi njengamanje. Lesi sici siqinisa umqondo wokuthi ithonya elikhulu liyaqhubeka nokubumba kabusha lezi zindawo ezikude.
Amathuba, izibalo, kanye nesisindo sokulingisa
Imisebenzi eminingana yakamuva ihlangana nomqondo ofanayo: Ukuqoqwa kwemizila yezinye izidumbu ezikude kunzima ukukuchaza ngaphandle kweplanethi enkulu.Kokunye ukuhlaziya, amathuba okuthi ukusatshalaliswa okubonwe kuwumphumela wengozi nje kulinganiswe ngaphansi kuka-0,1%, okuyisibalo, nakuba singesibo ubufakazi obuqinisekile, esihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile kwezibalo kwale mbono.
Ukuze bafinyelele kulezi ziphetho, abacwaningi basebenzisa ukulingisa kwesikhathi eside eziphinda umlando oguquguqukayo weSistimu Yelanga. Ziqala ezimweni zokuqala ezihambisana nalokho esikwaziyo ngokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi amakhulu futhi zivumela amandla adonsela phansi ukuthi akhe imijikelezo yezinto ezikude eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ye-virtual.
Amamodeli afaka iPlanethi Nine avame ukukhiqiza izakhiwo ze-orbital ezifana kakhulu nalezo esizibonayo namuhla ngama-telescope: amaqembu e-perihelion—iphuzu elise-orbit eliseduze neLanga—phakathi kwama-AU angaba ngu-15 no-40 engxenyeni ethile yemizimba, ukuthambekela okuthile kanye nemizila ewela indawo yethonya leNeptune ngendlela eqondakalayo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwakheka okungenalo lelo planethi elengeziwe kukhiqiza imiphumela engahambisani kangako neqiniso elibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, abalobi bakhuluma ngakho "Ubufakazi obusha obusekela i-P9 hypothesis"okungenani ngokombono oguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, bagcizelela ukuthi imodeli kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi iqhathaniswe nezincazelo ezihlukile, njengemiphumela yamandla adonsela phansi ehlanganisiwe yemizimba eminingi noma imibono eguquliwe yamandla adonsela phansi.
Naphezu kwalokhu kusekelwa kwezibalo okukhula, izifundo zesayensi zigcizelela ukuthi Ukuba khona kwePlanethi Yesishiyagalolunye kuseyinkolelo-mbonoIzinhlangano ezifana ne-NASA kanye nezikhungo ezahlukahlukene zaseYurophu zikhomba ukuthi, kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukutholwa okuqondile—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekukhanyeni okubonakalayo noma nge-infrared—umuntu akanakukhuluma ngokutholwa okuqinisekisiwe.
Indima yezindawo zokubuka ezinkulu: kusukela ekubaleni kuya esithombeni
Mhlawumbe ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yale ndaba ifika lapho izazi zezinkanyezi zisuka kusukela kumbono kuya ekubukeni okuqondileUkuthola into enobuningi boMhlaba emayunithi amaningi ezinkanyezi, ebanda futhi engabonakali kahle, kuyinselele enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe ngisho nakuma-telescope amahle kakhulu namuhla.
Okusha I-Vera C. Rubin ObservatoryEChile, kuvela njengenye yamathuluzi abalulekile kulolu cwaningo. Umsebenzi wayo wokudweba isibhakabhaka saseningizimu ngokujulile uzovumela ukuhlonza izinkulungwane zezinto ezintsha ezibuthakathaka nezikude ngale kweNeptune. Kusukela kulolu lwazi, kuzokwazi ukucwengisisa amamodeli e-orbital futhi kutholakale kangcono ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zesibhakabhaka lapho iplanethi ecatshangelwayo ingase icashe khona.
Okwamanje, ama-telescope asemkhathini afana ne- UJames Webb Bahlola ingemuva lesibhakabhaka nge-infrared, lapho iplanethi ekude kangaka ingazinikela khona ngokukhanya kwayo. ukukhishwa okuncane kokushisa okuseleyize kungabonisi ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane kakhulu. Umgomo ukuthola lelo phuzu lokukhanya elincane kakhulu eliqinisekisa lokho okushiwo yizifanekiso isikhathi eside.
EYurophu, umphakathi wesayensi ulandela eduze lezi zinguquko, zombili ngenxa yomthelela wazo ku- ukuqonda ukwakheka kwamaplanethi kanye nendima edlalwa yizinsimbi ezitholakala ezindaweni zokubuka izinto ezwekazini nasezindaweni ezihambisanayo, kusukela eziQhingini zaseCanary kuya e-Alps. Izikhungo namaqembu ocwaningo bayasebenzisana kumanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke abelana ngedatha nokuhlaziya mayelana nokuguquguquka kweSistimu Yelanga yangaphandle.
Okwamanje, izinhlelo zokuthi isayensi yesakhamuziLawa amawebhusayithi lapho izazi zezinkanyezi ezingewona ama-amateur zingasesha khona izinto ezinyakazayo ezingabonakali kahle ezithombeni zezinkanyezi. Nakuba amathuba okuba umsebenzisi athole iPlanethi Nine eyedwa ephansi, lolu hlobo lwamaphrojekthi lusiza ekuhloleni ulwazi oluningi futhi lusondeze ucwaningo emphakathini jikelele.
Imfihlakalo enomlando: kusukela ku-Uranus naseNeptune kuya eplanethi yesishiyagalolunye ecatshangelwayo
Kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona iplanethi efihliwe evezwa kuphela yimiphumela yayo yamandla adonsela phansi Akuyona into entsha emlandweni wezinkanyezi. I-Uranus, isibonelo, yatholakala ngo-1781 nguWilliam Herschel, owabona into ekhanyayo ehamba kancane esibhakabhakeni, ehlukile ezinkanyezini zangemuva.
Kamuva, ukuphambuka okuncane emzileni we-Uranus Banikeza izinkomba zokuthi kumelwe kube nenye iplanethi ekude kakhulu ephazamisa ukunyakaza kwayo. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, isazi sezibalo saseFrance u-Urbain Le Verrier sabala ukuthi lowo mzimba kufanele ube kuphi, futhi iNeptune yayisendaweni ecishe ibe sendaweni eyayibikezelwe yizibalo zakhe.
Namuhla, isu ngePlanet Nine lisekelwe endleleni efanayo yokucabanga, kodwa lisetshenziswa endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: Iplanethi ayibonwa ngqo, kodwa kunalokho ibonwa ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwezinye izinto. okubonakala sengathi kuhlobene nenqwaba efihliwe. Umehluko uwukuthi, kulokhu, amabanga makhulu, imizimba ehilelekile mincane, kanti idatha ayitholakali kalula, okwenza inkinga ibe nzima nakakhulu.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje sikwazile Thola izinkulungwane zamaplanethi angaphandle azungeze ezinye izinkanyezi ngokusebenzisa amasu anjengokubona ukuhamba—ukwehla okuncane kokukhanya lapho iplanethi idlula phambi kwenkanyezi yayo—noma ngokulinganisa amandla adonsela phansi asebenza kuwo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthola iplanethi eyengeziwe ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga, ngandlela-thile, kunzima kakhulu kunokubona imihlaba ezungeza iminyaka yokukhanya kude.
Konke lokhu kunegalelo ekubeni iPlanethi Nine ibe yiPlanethi Nine. enye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu zamanje zezinkanyeziUkuyixazulula ngeke kucacise nje kuphela ukwakheka kwendawo yethu eseduze, kodwa futhi kuzosisiza siqonde kangcono ukuthi izinhlelo zamaplanethi zakha futhi ziguquke kanjani.
Impikiswano yePlanet Nine ikhombisa indlela isayensi esebenza ngayo uma igxila ku- izindawo ezingaziwa kangakoIzimvo zithola amandla ngedatha engaqondile, amamodeli alungiswa ngokubala okusha, okubonwe kuqinisekisa noma kususe izimo, futhi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uqhathanisa imiphumela ngokucophelela. Uma leli zwe elikhulu likhona ngempela, lizoba yindawo okugxilwe kuyo kokunye kokutholwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwezinkanyezi emashumini eminyaka ezayo; uma kungenjalo, ukusesha okufanayo kuzobe kusize kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu izifunda ezikude kakhulu zeSistimu yethu Yelanga kanye namandla azibusayo.
