Umkhakha wezolimo waseSpain uqaphile kakhulu ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwe- ukuba khona kwempukane yezithelo yasempumalanga, okubizwa ngokwesayensi I-Bactrocera dorsalisendaweni kazwelonke. Lokhu kutholakala kwenzeke kumasipala wase-Astillero, eCantabria, lapho uMnyango Wezolimo uthole khona izibonelo ezintathu ezicupheni zokulawula. Nakuba lokhu kubanjwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, lesi saziso siqalise izinqubo zokuqapha ukuvimbela lokhu isinambuzane endizayo uhlala ezweni.
Ukufika kwalo mhlaseli kukholakala ukuthi kuhlobene ne- ukungeniswa kwezithelo ezivela e-AsiaUkusebenzisa ithuba lokuba seduze kwezindawo zokuthutha ezifana namachweba kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza. Nakuba iziphathimandla zaseCantabrian zisikisela ukuthi isimo sezulu sasenyakatho asifanele kakhulu ukuthi ubhubhane luchume, ukukhathazeka kungokoqobo, njengoba kuyisidalwa esinomzimba ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okumangalisayo kanye nomlando wokwanda okukhulu komhlaba wonke.
Ingozi enkulu yokuhlanzeka kwezitshalo
Lesi sinambuzane asiyona ingozi kubantu, kodwa siyisifo esibuhlungu kakhulu kwezolimo. I-Bactrocera dorsalis yaziwa ngakho i-polyphagia eyingozi kakhuluIyakwazi ukuhlasela izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-120. Phakathi kwezithinteke kakhulu yizithelo ze-citrus, ama-avocado, ama-persimmon, kanye nezithelo zamatshe ezahlukahlukene. Umonakalo uqala lapho abesifazane bebhoboza isikhumba sezithelo ukuze babeke amaqanda abo; uma izibungu seziqalile ukuqhakaza, Badla uqweqwe lwangaphakathi, okwenza ingxenye ingasetshenziswa.
Le nqubo ayibhubhisi nje kuphela izithelo, kodwa futhi ivula umnyango... izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta ezitshalweni futhi amagciwane asheshisa ukubola. Ngokomnotho, umthelela ungaba mubi kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi uma lolu bhubhane lungase luqine ngokuphelele e-European Union, ukulahlekelwa kungadlula 1.160 million euro, okuthinta kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nenzuzo yempahla yezolimo.
Ubuthakathaka beSpain kanye nesimo saseYurophu
ISpain isesimweni esibucayi njengoba inazo cishe zonke amaphesenti angamashumi amane endawo yokutshala izithelo ye-EU futhi ingumkhiqizi oyinhloko wezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo esifundeni. Isimo sezulu saseMedithera, kanye nobusika baso obuthambile kanye nehlobo elishisayo, empeleni liyipharadesi lalesi sinambuzane. Iziqhingi zaseCanary Islands zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, lapho ukungabikho kokukhiqizwa kweqhwa kanye ne-papaya futhi ubhanana udala indawo ekahle yokuthi izinambuzane zikwazi ukuzinza unomphela.
Kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu, isimo siyahlukahluka. I-Italy iye yahlupheka kakhulu, njengoba kwadingeka imise izindawo zokulawula ngemva ukuqubuka kwezifo okusunguliwe eningizimu Kusukela ngo-2018. Amanye amazwe afana neFrance, iBelgium noma i-Austria aqophe ukubanjwa okuhlukile okwaqedwa ngokushesha, okubonisa ukuthi ukutholakala kusenesikhathi yilona kuphela ithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuvimba ukuqhubekela phambili kwakho.
Amasu okulawula nokuvimbela
Ukuze kulwiwe nalolu songo, i-National Contingency Plan ihlanganisa imigqa eminingana yesenzo. Lokhu kuyasetshenziswa. amanetha okudoba ane-methyl eugenolisithako esinamandla kakhulu sokubamba amaduna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ubhubhane olusebenzayo luqinisekiswa, kubekwa imikhawulo eqinile ekuhambeni kwezithelo futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukubhujiswa okulawulwayo kwezithelo eziwile ngokushiswa noma ukufakwa esikhwameni esingangeni moya ukuze kunqanyulwe umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-larva.
Kukhona nezindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu futhi zobuchwepheshe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) ihlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane nezinto ezidonsela ucansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- I-Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)Lokhu kuhilela ukukhulula amaduna ahlanzwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe benyukliya. Ngale ndlela, uma ehlangana nezinsikazi zasendle, amaqanda awakwazi ukusebenza, okuyinto kunciphisa kakhulu inani labantu futhi esimeme.
Izinhlangano zezolimo, njengenyunyana yabalimi baseValencia iLa Unió Llauradora, zicele ukuthi kube nokulawulwa okuqinile ezindaweni zaseMedithera. Zithi ukutholakala kwalesi sitshalo eCantabria kuyindaba exakile. isixwayiso esicacile kanye nethuba lokuthatha isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhane lufinyelele ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu zokutshala i-citrus. Kunezikhalo zokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu empilweni yezitshalo kanye ukuqinisa ukubambisana phakathi koMnyango kanye nemiphakathi ezimele ukuvikela ezolimo zaseSpain.
Ukuvela kwalezi zibonelo enyakatho yeSpain kugcizelela isidingo sokuqapha njalo emingceleni yezohwebo. Nakuba ingozi ekhona eCantabria ibonakala iphansi ngenxa yokushisa, amandla okuhlasela empukane yezithelo yasempumalanga Kudinga ukugcina izinqubo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela izitshalo ezinhlosweni nokugwema ukuwa komnotho emkhakheni wezithelo wezwe.