Un Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeJapane Kuphinde kwaqala izinsimbi zokuxwayisa kulo lonke izwe kanye nengxenye enkulu yomhlaba. Ukuzamazama komhlaba, okunamandla amakhulu abekwe yizikhungo zaseJapan. Ama-7,7 degreesLesi sigameko senzeke ogwini lwaseSanriku futhi sabangela iziphathimandla ukuthi zivule ngokushesha i- isixwayiso se-tsunami ngenxa yamagagasi angafinyelela amamitha amathathu ukuphakama ezingxenyeni eziningana zogu lolwandle.
Lesi simo silandelwe ngokucophelela okukhulu kusukela EYurophu naseSpainlapho inkumbulo ye-tsunami ka-2011 kanye nemiphumela yayo yomhlaba wonke igcina ukuzwela okuphezulu kunoma yikuphi isexwayiso se-tsunami eJapaneNakuba kungekho monakalo omkhulu oqinisekisiwe kuze kube manje, ukuthunyelwa kwezinsizakusebenza, imiyalo yokufuduka, kanye nezixwayiso mayelana nokuzamazama okukhulu okungenzeka kusikisela ukuthi akufanele silahle ukuqapha kwethu.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba: isikhathi, ubukhulu kanye nendawo ethintekile
Ngokusho kwe- I-Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaqoshwa nxazonke 16:53 isikhathi sendawo (07:53 GMT), okungukuthi, ngaphambi nje kwehora leshumi ekuseni eSpain. Indawo eyayiyinkabazwe yayitholakala e- ULwandlekazi iPacific, ogwini lwaseSanriku, enyakatho yezwe, kanye nesikhungo sokulungisa izimoto esiseduze Ukujula kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 kuya kwangama-20okuchaza ukuzamazama okukhulu kanye nengozi ye-tsunami ehambisana nakho.
Izilinganiso zokuqala beziphakathi kuka- Amadigri angu-7,4 no-7,7 ubukhulu esikalini sikaRichter, isibalo esibeka lesi senzakalo phakathi kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okwazi ukudala amagagasi okucabangela. Ku Isikali sokuqina kokuzamazama komhlaba saseJapanUkunyakaza sekufinyelele ezingeni lesi-5, izinga lapho ukuhamba kwabantu kuvinjelwa khona futhi kungase kwenzeke izehlakalo. ukudilika kwezindonga zekhonkrithi ezingaqiniswanga kanye nomonakalo ezakhiweni ezingalungiselelwanga kahle.
Ukuthuthumela kuye kwazwakala ngokucacile ku- TokyoAmakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana ukusuka endaweni eyinhloko. Ofakazi babike ukuthi izakhiwo eziphakeme zanyakaziswa imizuzu eminingana, umuzwa ojwayelekile eJapane kodwa, ngobukhulu obungaka, obuye wavuselela ukwesaba ngesehlakalo esifanayo. Fukushima ngo-2011.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzamazama okukhulu, izinhlelo zokuthola zaqopha izifaniso eziningana phakathi kwama-degree angu-4,3 no-5,4 endaweni efanayo yeNyakatho Pacific. Ochwepheshe be-JMA baxwayise ngokuthi kungase kube nokuzamazama komhlaba okwengeziwe ezinsukwini ezizayo. ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla afanayo, iphethini evamile ngemva kwezehlakalo zalolu hlobo.
Ukusebenza kwesexwayiso se-tsunami kanye nokuvela kwamagagasi
I-JMA ikhiphe cishe ngokushesha i-a isexwayiso se-tsunami esiphezulu sezinga eliphezulu engxenyeni enkulu yogu olusenyakatho nolusenyakatho-mpumalanga. Ekuqaleni, isixwayiso sasigxile ezifundeni zase Iwate, Aomori neHokkaido, futhi kamuva yanwetshwa ezindaweni ze UMiyagi noFukushima, ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo ezisogwini phakathi kweHokkaido neFukushima Prefecture.
Isibikezelo sokuqala sakhomba ku- amaza afinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama eSifundazweni sase-Iwate kanye nezingxenye zesiqhingi saseHokkaido. Ithelevishini yomphakathi NHK Yaphazamisa izinhlelo zayo ezivamile zokusakaza amamephu lapho imicu yasogwini yayinombala obomvu, ihambisana nomyalezo ngezilimi eziningana: “I-tsunami, phumani”Lo mbono, ophindaphindwayo kaninginingi, wawucacile: shiya amabhishi, amachweba kanye nosebe lwemifula ngokushesha.
Emachwebeni asenyakatho, njenge Kuji, Kamaishi, Ofunato kanye noMiyakoIzinzwa ziqophe ukwenyuka kwezinga lolwandle. Amagagasi afinyelela [ukuphakama okungekho] alinganisiwe eKuji. Amasentimitha angama-80nasechwebeni lase i-TokachiEHokkaido, iziphathimandla zibike ukuthi amagagasi amamitha amathathuLokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-tsunami isivele yenzeka, yize yayinamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi ekugcineni yayingaphansi kwezibikezelo ezimbi kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi.
Njengoba amahora edlula, i-JMA yehlisa isimo: isixwayiso se-tsunami izinga eliphezulu selishintshe laba izexwayiso ze-tsunamiIzinga eliphansi likhishwa uma amagagasi angaphansi kwemitha elilodwa elindelekile. Naphezu kwalokhu kuthuthuka okubonakalayo, i-ejensi iyaqhubeka nesiphakamiso sayo sokuthi hlala kude nogu kuze kube yilapho zonke izixwayiso sezikhanseliwe, kugcizelelwa ukuthi ama-tsunami angafika ngamagagasi amaningana alandelanayo futhi afinyelele ezindaweni ezikude ngokuhamba ngemifula nemisele.
Ukususwa kwabantu kanye nempendulo yeziphathimandla zaseJapan
Kusukela emizuzwini yokuqala ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, iziphathimandla zithumele imiyalezo eqondile emphakathini. UNdunankulu, Sanae TakaichiUvele phambi kwabezindaba futhi usebenzise nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze cela ukususwa ngokushesha yabo bonke abahlali ezindaweni eziqaphile. Isikhalazo sabo sicacile: iya ku izindawo eziphakeme noma izakhiwo zokuthutha abantu futhi bangabuyeli ogwini kuze kube yilapho isimo sesilawuleke ngokuphelele.
UHulumeni wenze kusebenze a iqembu elisebenzayo eliphuthumayo esikhungweni sokuphathwa kwezinkinga sendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni. Leli hhovisi linesibopho sokuqoqa ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ngomonakalo ongaba khona, ukuxhumanisa impendulo neziphathimandla zendawo, kanye nokuhambisa izinsiza. Amabutho Okuzivikela, abathumele amayunithi asemoyeni ukuqapha ugu lolwandle nokuhlola umthelela we-tsunami.
Ngokusho kwe-NHK, ukususwa kwabantu ababalelwa ku-170.000 ezifundeni ezinhlanu: iHokkaido, i-Aomori, i-Iwate, iMiyagi, kanye neFukushima. Emadolobheni amaningana anechweba, njenge Otsuchi and Kamaishi, ethinteke kakhulu yinhlekelele ka-2011, ikhishwe imiyalelo yokuxoshwa kwezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi, isenzo izakhamuzi eziningi ezisilandele cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yenkumbulo yenhlekelele yangaphambilini.
Okwamanje, imibiko esemthethweni ikhombisa ukuthi Akukho ukufa noma umonakalo omkhulu obikiwe.Kubikwe ukulimala okuncane, njengendoda eyayiswa esibhedlela e-Aomori ngemuva kokuwa ezitebhisini zendlu yayo ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba. Umonakalo omkhulu obonwe ukhawulelwe ku- izindonga eziwile kanye nezinto ezincane zesakhiwoyize umsebenzi wokuhlola uqhubeka.
Umthelela kwezokuthutha, amandla kanye nemvelo yenuzi
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kube nomthelela osheshayo engqalasizinda yezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi e- isitimela esisheshayoingxenye ebalulekile yokuhamba kwabantu baseJapan. Isevisi imisiwe okwesikhashana ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nomugqa oxhumanisayo I-Tokyo ne-Aomori kanye nengxenye yohambo phakathi kwenhloko-dolobha kanye nesifunda sase- ShizuokaLolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka luyingxenye yezinqubo zokuphepha ezisetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kube khona ukucisha kukagesi Kube nokuphazamiseka okungavamile kwezinye izindawo ezithintekile, yize izinkampani zisebenzele ukubuyisela ukulethwa ngokushesha. Ezweni elibhekane nosizi lwaseFukushima, esinye sezici eziqashwe kakhulu kube yi- isimo sezitshalo zamandla enuziAbasebenzi benyukliya, okuhlanganisa nenkampani I-TEPCOBaqinisekisile ukuthi Akukho okudidayo okutholiwe emazingeni emisebe noma ekulimaleni kwengqalasizinda, inkinga ehlobene izinzuzo nezinkinga zamandla enuziNoma kunjalo, kuyalelwe ukususwa kwabasebenzi ngokuvimbela ezitshalweni ze- Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Daini, isinyathelo esinengqondo sokunciphisa izingozi uma kwenzeka ezinye izinkinga noma ukushaqeka ekuhlinzekweni kukagesi.
El I-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Kuqinisekisiwe, ngokusekelwe olwazini olunikezwe yiTokyo, ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye ne-tsunami eyalandela akubanganga monakalo ezakhiweni zenuzi zezwe. Njengamanje, azikho iziteshi zamandla enuzi ezisebenza ezindaweni ezithintekile. IHokkaido neTohokuKodwa-ke, kuneziphehli eziningana ezingasebenzi ezisalokhu ziqashwe ngokwengeziwe ngemva kwesehlakalo ngasinye esikhulu sokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ingozi enkulu yokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nomongo wokuzamazama komhlaba eJapane
Ngaphandle kwesigameko sangoMsombuluko, ochwepheshe be-JMA kanye neziphathimandla zaseJapan bagcizelele iphuzu elibangele ukukhathazeka: ingozi eyengeziwe yokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelayo. Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okucishe kube ngu-7,7, amathuba okuba kube nesinye isenzakalo esikhulu nakakhulu mancane, kodwa aphezulu kunokujwayelekile.
I-Meteorological Agency ichaze ukuthi ingozi ye- ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-megathrust Ngesonto elilandela ukuzamazama komhlaba kwalolu hlobo, kutholakala eduze 1%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-0,1% ojwayelekile Lokhu kwanda, nakuba kusekuncane ngokwemigomo ephelele, kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwe- uhlaka lwesexwayiso olwandisiwe okuthinta omasipala abangaba ngu-182 ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa, kusukela eHokkaido enyakatho ekude kuya Chibaeduze kwaseTokyo.
IJapan itholakala endaweni eyaziwayo I-Pacific Ring of FireIndawo enkulu yezintaba-mlilo kanye nemisele yolwandle lapho ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba igxile khona. Ngokwesilinganiso, lezi ziqhingi zibhalisa, ukuthuthumela njalo ngemizuzu embalwa kanye nengxenye yesihlanu yokuzamazama komhlaba komhlaba okungaphezu kuka-6 ngobukhulu, okuchaza ukuthi kungani izwe lihlala liqaphile njalo kulezi zenzakalo zemvelo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okutholakale ezigabeni zangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi ngemva inhlekelele kathathu kaMashi 11, 2011 (ukuzamazama komhlaba, i-tsunami kanye nengozi yenuzi eFukushima), kuholele eJapane ekuthuthukiseni enye yezindawo izinhlelo zokuthola nezexwayiso ezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeniIziteshi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ze-seismographic ezisakazeke kulo lonke le ndawo zivumela amagagasi okuqala okuzamazama komhlaba ukuthi atholakale ngokushesha futhi imiyalezo ephuthumayo isebenze imizuzwana noma ngisho nemizuzu kusengaphambili.
Ngaleyo ndlela, izithombe ze-NHK ezibonisa amamephu anezindawo ezibomvu nemiyalezo ye- "Phuma!" Zikhumbuza abantu baseJapan, kanye nomhlaba wonke, ukuthi izwe lenze ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zokuzamazama komhlaba kwaba yinto eza kuqala. Izinqubo zokususa abantu, izakhiwo ezingamelani nokuzamazama komhlaba, kanye nokuzilolonga njalo kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke endaweni ejwayele ukuhlala nalolu hlobo lwengozi.
Imiphumela kanye nokulandelela okuvela eSpain naseYurophu
En ISpain kanye neYurophu yonkeIzindaba zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nesixwayiso se-tsunami eJapani zidonse amehlo ngokushesha. 2011 kanye neFukushimaokwakunemiphumela yamandla kanye nemithetho kulo lonke izwekazi, kusalokhu kukhona kakhulu ezingxoxweni mayelana Ukuphepha kwenyukliya kanye nokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Izikhungo zokuqapha ukuzamazama komhlaba zaseYurophu kanye nezinsizakalo zokuvikela umphakathi zilandele eduze idatha ye-JMA, NOAA kanye nezinye izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe umcimbi ungaba nanoma yini umphumela ongaqondile ngale kwesifunda sasePacific. Nakuba okwamanje kungekho bungozi ogwini lwaseYurophu, lezi zenzakalo zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sesidingo sokugcina izinhlelo zokulungiselela i-tsunami futhi e-Atlantic naseMedithera.
Emkhakheni wolwazi, abezindaba baseSpain bagcizelele kakhulu ukusabela okusheshayo okuvela kuziphathimandla zaseJapan kanye nendima yezakhamuzi, ezijwayele ukuphendula ngokuziphatha kahle ezixwayisweni zokufuduka. Lo mthamo wokuphendula ohlanganisiwe ubhekwa njengophawu lwamazwe, njengeSpain, anawo izindawo ezinengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nama-tsunami angaba khonaikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia kanye noLwandle i-Alboran.
Okwamanje, isimo eJapane siya phambili isigaba sokuqapha esideNjengoba isexwayiso se-tsunami sesincishisiwe, ukunaka kugxile ekuzamazameni kwangemva kokushona kanye nomthelela ongaba khona kwingqalasizinda kanye nemiphakathi yasogwini. EYurophu, ngale komthelela womuntu ohlala uvuswa yilezi zithombe, lesi siqephu siphinde sigqamise ukubaluleka kokuthi qinisa isiko lokuvikelaukubambisana kwesayensi kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi.
Inhlanganisela ye-a ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, isixwayiso se-tsunami esebenzayo, kanye nosongo olufihliwe lokuzamazama okukhulu okulandelayo Lokhu kuphinde kwavivinya ikhono leJapan lokuphendula. Ukungabikho komonakalo omkhulu emahoreni ambalwa okuqala, ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngokushesha ogwini, kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kusikisela ukuthi izifundo zezinhlekelele zesikhathi esidlule sezifundiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqapha okuvela eSpain naseYurophu kuqinisekisa ukuthi okwenzekayo eRing of Fire akusabhekwa njengento ekude, kodwa njengesikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sesidingo sokulungiselela izingozi, nakuba zingavamile, ezingathinta nemvelo yethu.