El isimo samanje samachibi eSpain Isimo sikhululekile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ngemuva kochungechunge lwezimvula ezinkulu kanye nokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi okuqhubekayo. Amanzi agciniwe kazwelonke ami cishe ku-84,2% womthamo wawo wonke, okusho ukuthi angaba ngu-47.178 cubic hectometers wamanzi agcinwe emachibini ezwe. Leli nani likhuphuke ngo-168 hm³ esikhathini sokugcina esihlaziyiwe, okulingana cishe no-0,3% womthamo wonke.
Ngale kwalesi sithombe sisonke, imininingwane eyenziwe ngu imiphakathi ezimele kanye nezifunda zasemfuleni Kwembula umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwezindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu nezinye eziqhubeka nokuhlushwa ezinye izindawo. ukucindezeleka kwamanziikakhulukazi ogwini lwaseMedithera. Ukuqonda lolu lwazi kudinga ukubheka hhayi kuphela amaphesenti okugcwaliswa, kodwa futhi nomthamo wendawo ngayinye yokugcina amanzi, imvula eqongelelekile yonyaka wamanzi, kanye nokuguquka kwamasonto onke nokwaminyaka yonke okuqoshwe amanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene okuqapha asemthethweni.
Isimo esijwayelekile semithombo yamanzi egciniwe yimiphakathi ezimele
Uma sibheka isimo sesifunda, iningi lemiphakathi Okwamanje banamazinga aphezulu kakhulu amanzi agciniwe, ezimweni eziningi adlula u-80% wamandla abo. Lokhu kuwukuhlukaniswa okulinganiselwe kwalesi simo:
- Extremadura: cishe u-84,97% ugcwele.
- I-Andalusia: cishe u-86,85%, nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezigodi zangaphakathi zaseMedithera kanye namachibi amakhulu angaphakathi ezweni.
- UCastilla-La Mancha: cishe u-71,12% wamandla ayo.
- Isifunda saseMurciaIyancipha kakhulu, ku-35,14%; ingenye yezindawo ezine- isimo esibucayi kakhulu.
- Umphakathi waseValencian: cishe ama-59,46%, endaweni ephakathi nendawo.
- Umphakathi waseMadrid: kahle kakhulu, ngo-85,38%.
- UCastile noLeon: cishe u-89,05%, omunye wemikhulu kakhulu.
- Galicia: kumi ku-86,30%.
- Asturias: isondela ku-86,62%.
- Cantabria: cishe ama-85,22%.
- Izwe laseBasque: cishe u-88,10%.
- La Rioja: kuphezulu kakhulu, ngo-91,83%.
- I-Navarra: ngezibalo ezifanayo, ngo-91,36%.
- I-Aragón: cishe 86,99%.
- Isi-CataloniaIphinde ivelele ngo-91,69%, ngemuva kwesikhathi semikhawulo enzima eminyakeni edlule.
La maphesenti avame ukumelwa kusetshenziswa isikali se- ububanzi bokugcwalisa okusiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo isimo sedamu ngalinye noma indawo: 90-100%, 80-89,9%, 70-79,9%, 60-69,9%, 50-59,9%, 40-49,9%, 30-39,9%, 20-29,9%, 10-19,9% ​​​​kanye no-0-9,9%. Imiphakathi esenyakatho kanye nengxenye enkulu yangaphakathi ye-peninsula ziqoqwe ezindaweni eziphakeme zesikali, kuyilapho ezinye izindawo zaseningizimu-mpumalanga kanye ne-Mediterranean arc zivela ngemibala ekhathazayo kakhulu.
Ulwazi oluhlanganisiwe ezingeni likazwelonke luhlukaniswe ngezigaba Imingcele engama-25 ye-hydrographicLokhu kufaka phakathi amanzi angaphezulu (amadamu namadamu) kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba (ama-aquifer, imithombo, nezinye izindawo zokugcina amanzi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani eliphelele elingu-47.178 hm³ alibonisi nje kuphela lokho esikubonayo ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezinkulu, kodwa futhi nezindawo zokugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ezibalulekile ekuniseleni, ekuhlinzekeni ngamanzi asemadolobheni, nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni.
Idatha yamasonto onke kanye nemvula: isibonelo esinemininingwane e-Andalusia
Ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi ulwazi mayelana isimo samaxhaphoziKuwusizo ukubheka icala elithile. I-Andalusia Lesi yisibonelo esihle, esinemingcele eminingana ebalulekile: i-Andalusian Mediterranean Basins, i-Guadalete-Barbate ne-Tinto, i-Odiel, i-Piedras ne-Chanza. Amathebula amasonto onke abonisa, endaweni ngayinye yokugcina amanzi, iphesenti lamanje lokugcwaliswa, umthamo ophelele kuma-cubic hectometers, imvula eqongelelekile ngonyaka wamanzi, kanye nomthamo ogcinwe kokubili ngesonto lamanje kanye nesonto eledlule, kanye nangosuku olufanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Esifundazweni CádizIsibonelo, kufakwe amadamu amakhulu afana neCharco Redondo, iGuadarranque, iZahara-El Gastor, iBornos, i-Arcos de la Frontera, iHurones, iGuadalcacÃn, iBarbate, iCelemÃn, kanye ne-Almodóvar. Lawa manzi anomthamo ohlangene ongaba ngu-1.791,56 hm³. Phakathi nesonto elihlaziyiwe, umthamo ogciniwe wawungaba ngu-1.606,63 hm³, kanti ngonyaka odlule wawungaba ngu-1.616,99 hm³, kanye nemvula eqongelelekile engaba ngu-1.036,29 mm ngonyaka obhekiselwe kuwo wamanzi.
Uma singena ngemininingwane, i- Idamu laseCharco Redondo Inomthamo olinganiselwa ku-70,02 hm³ ngaphezu kwamandla angaphezu kuka-106 hm³, kanye nezinga lokugcwalisa eliseduze no-79%. IGuadarranque inamazinga afanayo okuhlala abantu, kuyilapho iZahara-El Gastor kanye neBornos zisingatha umthamo odlula u-160-170 hm³, kanye namazinga okugcwalisa angaphezu kuka-70-80% ezimweni eziningi. I-Arcos de la Frontera igcina umthamo ophansi kakhulu, kodwa ngamazinga aphezulu okugcwalisa, kuyilapho iHurones, iGuadalcacÃn, iBarbate, iCelemÃn, kanye ne-Almodóvar ziqedela uhlelo, oluphelele, olunikeza iziqinisekiso zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi emadolobheni kanye nokunisela.
Esifundazweni MálagaAmadamu ahlaziyiwe afaka phakathi iLa Concepción, iCasasola, i-El Limonero, iGuadalteba, iGuadalhorce, iConde de Guadalhorce, kanye neLa Viñuela. Umthamo ophelele walawa madadamu ucishe ube ngu-603,14 hm³ kuleli sonto lamanje, kanye nomthamo ogciniwe ocishe ube ngu-580,32 hm³ kanye no-582,00 hm³ kuleli sonto elifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Imvula eqongelelekile yonyaka wamanzi icishe ibe ngu-377,17 mm ngesikhathi sokuqhathanisa sonyaka, okuye kwavumela ukululama okuthile uma kuqhathaniswa nezigameko zesomiso zangaphambilini.
Icala le- Idamu laseLimonero Ihlukile ngoba ivolumu ekhonjisiwe ibhekisela ezimweni zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, kodwa futhi iyadingeka ukugcina indawo yokugcina ephephile engu-13,79 hm³ ukuze kuncishiswe izikhukhula ezingaba khona. I-Casasola nayo inohlelo olukhethekile: ivolumu yayo yokusebenza evamile ephezulu iyahlukahluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka (11,84 hm³ phakathi kukaNovemba noMashi, kanye no-15,11 hm³ phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba), kanye nendawo yokugcina eyengeziwe yokuphepha engu-9,88 hm³ noma u-6,61 hm³ ihlala igcinwa, kuye ngesikhathi. Lezi zimo zibonisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwedamu akugcini nje ngokuwagcwalisa noma ukuwathulula, kodwa kumele kulinganise ukuphepha, ukunisela, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokugeleza kwemvelo.
Esifundazweni I-GranadaAma-Rules kanye nama-reservoirs aseBéznar ayagqama. Ndawonye, ​​anomthamo olinganiselwa ku-158,26 hm³. Phakathi nesonto elihlaziyiwe, ama-Rules afinyelele umthamo olinganiselwa ku-19,77 hm³, kanti iBéznar yayicishe ibe ngu-44,88 hm³, okuyisamba esingu-64,65 hm³, uma kuqhathaniswa no-147,44 hm³ ngosuku olufanayo ngonyaka odlule, kanye no-135,36 hm³ ngonyaka odlule we-hydrological. Nakuba lezi zibalo zingase zibonakale ziphezulu ngokwephesenti, umthamo ophelele uphansi kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo.
En I-AlmerÃaAmadamu aseBenÃnar naseCuevas del Almanzora anomthamo ohlangene ongaba ngu-220,77 hm³. Umthamo wamanje ucishe ube ngu-26,84 hm³, ngaphezu kancane nje kuka-27 hm³ owaqoshwa ngonyaka odlule kanye nesonto eledlule. IBenÃnar ibamba cishe u-16,66 hm³ kanye neCuevas del Almanzora cishe u-10,18 hm³, amaphesenti aphansi kakhulu omthamo wawo wonke, okuqinisekisa ukucindezeleka kwamanzi okungapheli kule ndawo.
Izifunda zase-Andalusian ezisemaceleni omfula: ukuhlolwa okuhlangene
Uma amadamu ehlukaniswe ngokwezigaba umkhawulo we-hydrographicIdatha yamanje ivumela isithombe esicacile sendlela izinsiza ezisatshalaliswa ngayo e-Andalusia. E-Andalusian Mediterranean Basins, ehlanganisa amachibi aseMálaga, eGranada, kanye nengxenye ye-AlmerÃa, umthamo ophelele ucishe ube ngu-1.144,49 hm³, kanye nomthamo ocishe ube ngu-819,96 hm³ phakathi nesonto lokubhekisela. Ngonyaka odlule, lesi sibalo sasicishe sibe ngu-906,13 hm³, kanye nemvula eqongelelekile ecishe ibe ngu-676,00 mm.
Umkhawulo we I-Guadalete-BarbateUhlelo lwe-reservoir yaseCádiz, oluhlanganisa ama-reservoir amakhulu esifundazweni saseCádiz, lunamandla angaba ngu-1.629,24 hm³. Umthamo wamanje ucishe ube ngu-1.458,48 hm³, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1.467,49 hm³ wesonto elifanayo ngonyaka odlule, kanye nemvula eqongelelekile ecishe ibe ngu-899,77 mm kulo nyaka kuze kube manje. Nakuba umthamo uphansi kancane kunonyaka odlule, usalokhu usesimweni esikhululekile.
Emngceleni we Tinto, Odiel, Piedras and ChanzaUmthamo ohlanganisiwe olinganiselwe wesistimu yesitsha saseHuelva, ohlanganisa amadamu amaningana esifundazweni, cishe u-1.138,92 hm³. Kodwa-ke, idatha yamanje yephesenti lokugcwalisa ibonakala "njengengatholakali" (n/a) kwamanye amathebula, okubonisa ukuthi ulwazi luyabuyekezwa noma alukakaphothulwa. Okwaziwayo ukuthi ivolumu yokubhekisela yesonto eledlule kanye nonyaka odlule yayingaphezu kancane kuka-1.021,08 hm³, okuphakamisa isimo esihle ngokufanele.
Ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba sokugcina, Idamu laseChanza Ivelele njengenye yezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezibalulekile, enamandla angaphezu kuka-300 hm³ kanye nomthamo oseduze no-290-300 hm³ kumarekhodi akamuva, kuyilapho iPiedras, iLos Machos, iCueva de la Mora, iSotiel-Olivargas, iCorumbel Bajo, iJarrama, kanye ne-Andévalo ziqedela inethiwekhi ebalulekile yokugcina amanzi yezidingo zezolimo nezezimboni zase-Andalusia entshonalanga. Ezimweni eziningana, amaphesenti asukela ku-12% kuya cishe ku-60%, yize ibhalansi iyonke yesifunda yanele kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinkulu.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulandelwa kwala mavolumu namaphesenti kuncike ku- inethiwekhi yamageyiji emvula okuqopha imvula eqongelelekile unyaka wonke wamanzi endaweni ngayinye yokuqapha. Le mvula, evezwa ngamamilimitha, ivumela ukuvela kwamazinga edamu ukuthi kuhlotshaniswe nezenzakalo zemvula noma zesomiso, futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izibikezelo zokunisela, amashejuli okukhululwa, kanye nemikhawulo engaba khona yesikhathi esizayo.
Isibonelo esiningiliziwe: amadamu esifundazweni saseCórdoba
Ngaphakathi kwe-peninsula, isimo se- amadamu aseCordoba Lokhu kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi, naphezu kokushintshashintsha kwendawo, uhlelo lusezingeni eliphezulu. Imininingwane yolwazi olutholakalayo, yedamu ngalinye, izinga eliphezulu elijwayelekile (i-NMN, ngamamitha ngaphezu kolwandle), izinga lamanje, umthamo ophelele ku-hm³, ivolumu egciniwe, kanye nephesenti lokugcwele.
Idamu le- Yeguas (Ikhodi E26) inokuphakama okuphezulu okungaba ngu-248,50 m ngaphezu kolwandle kanye nezinga lamanje elingama-247,79 m, kanye neshadi lezinga elibonisa ukuhlalwa okuphezulu. Umthamo wayo ungama-222,06 hm³ futhi igcina cishe ama-97,10 hm³, okuholela ezingeni lokugcwalisa elikhululekile. I-MartÃn Gonzalo (E27) ifinyelela ukuphakama okuphezulu okungama-282,40 m ngaphezu kolwandle kanye nezinga lamanje elingama-280,41 m, elinamandla angaba ngu-118,03 hm³ kanye nomthamo ongu-88,02 hm³, ngaleyo ndlela isondela emazingeni aphezulu okuhlalwa.
Idamu le- USandy (E28) inokuphakama okubhekiselwe okungu-209,00 m kanye nezinga lamanje eliseduze kakhulu nalo, elinomthamo ophelele ongaba ngu-164,90 hm³ kanye nomthamo ongu-98,77 hm³. I-Guadalmellato (E29), enokuphakama okubhekiselwe okungu-211,50 m kanye nezinga lamanje elibalelwa ku-210,21 m, inomthamo ongu-145,21 hm³ kanye nomthamo ongu-93,36 hm³. Zombili zisebenza emazingeni angaphezu kuka-60-70%, okusekela ukuzinza kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi endaweni.
El San Rafael de Navallana reservoir (E30) ikhombisa ukuphakama okungu-158,00 m kanye nezinga eliphansi kancane, elinomthamo ongaphezudlwana kuka-160,12 hm³ kanye nomthamo ongu-90,33 hm³. I-Vadomojón (E32), etholakala cishe ngamamitha angu-363,50 ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi elivamile kanye nezinga lamanje elingu-363,31 m, inomthamo ongu-145,98 hm³ kanye nomthamo oseduze no-99,00 hm³. I-Sierra Boyera (E33) kanye ne-Puente Nuevo (E34) nazo zinamazinga amanzi aseduze kakhulu nokuphakama kwazo okuphezulu, ezinamazinga acishe abe ngu-63-281 hm³ kanye namavolumu acishe abe ngu-37-257 hm³ ngokulandelana, okuhunyushwa kube amaphesenti angaba ngu-90% noma ngaphezulu ngezinye izikhathi.
I-Guadanuño (E35) iphawuleka ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu ongaba ngu-1,63 hm³ kanye nomthamo odlula kancane u-1,47 hm³, kodwa ngamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kuka-85-90%. I-La Breña II (E36), enye yezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinkulu zesifundazwe, itholakala endaweni ephakeme engu-179,00 m, enezinga lamanje elicishe libe ngu-171,41 m, umthamo olinganiselwa ku-823,40 hm³, kanye nomthamo ongu-682-683 hm³, okumele iphesenti eliseduze no-83%. I-Bembézar (E37), i-Hornachuelos (E38), kanye ne-Retortillo (E39), kanye nokuphambuka kwayo (E40), kwakha uhlelo oluxhunyiwe olunezinga elisukela ku-61 kuya ku-327 hm³, kanye nezinga, ngokuvamile, elidlula u-90% womthamo kumarekhodi akamuva.
Icala le- Idamu lase-Iznájar (E48), eyabelwana phakathi kwezifundazwe eziningana kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu eCórdoba, iyamangalisa kakhulu: njengoba iphakeme kakhulu cishe ngamamitha angu-421,06 kanye nezinga lamanje elingama-416,51 m, inamandla angama-920,23 hm³ kanye nomthamo oseduze nama-811,81 hm³, kanti amazinga avame ukufika noma adlule ama-88-90%. Leli dama lingenye yabalawuli bamanzi abakhulu eningizimu yeSpain futhi liyingxenye ebalulekile yokunisela nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi emadolobheni amaningi nasemadolobheni.
I-Hydrological Bulletin, amanethiwekhi okulawula kanye nekhwalithi yedatha
Lonke lolu lwazi oluvela ku- amavolumu, amaphesenti kanye namazinga Lolu lwazi luhlanganiswa futhi lusakazwa nge-Hydrological Bulletin, ekhiqizwe yi-Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge. Njengoba ishicilelwa masonto onke, ifaka idatha ethunyelwe yiziphathimandla zaseRiver Basin, iziphathimandla zokuphathwa kwamanzi zesifunda, i-State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), kanye ne-Spanish Electricity Grid. Inhloso ukunikeza umbono obuyekeziwe wesimo samachibi kanye namanzi agciniwe ukuze kube lula ukuqapha kanye nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwesimo.
Isisekelo salolu hlelo lonke siyindlela ebanzi inethiwekhi yeziteshi zokulinganisa, iziteshi zesimo sezulu kanye namanethiwekhi ekhwalithi yamanzi azenzakalelayo (i-SAICA)Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinzwa ezifakwe ezindaweni zokulawula zithumela idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo eSikhungweni Sokulawula iBasin ngezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezifana ne-VSAT noma amanethiwekhi eselula (4G, 3G, GPRS, GSM). Lokhu kuvumela ukufundwa cishe okusheshayo kwezinga lamanzi, izinga lokugeleza, imvula, kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi, yize kwethula isici esibalulekile: uhlobo lwesikhashana lwedatha kuze kube yilapho iqinisekiswa.
Izinhlangano ezihlangene ngokwazo zixwayisa ngokuthi izimo ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo kanye nezamanzi zingabangela ukungalungi ekulinganisweni kwesikhathi sangempelaIzici ezingaphazamisa idatha zifaka phakathi ukwakheka kwama-ice sheet, ukuhlangana kwamanzi ngokwemvelo ngezingodo noma ukungcola kwezitshalo, ukukhula kwezitshalo emfuleni noma engxenyeni yokulawula, ukuqongelela noma ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, ukucima kukagesi, noma ukwehluleka kokuxhumana.
Okungeziwe kulokhu iqiniso lokuthi imvamisa yokudlulisa ephezulu Lokhu kuhilela inani elikhulu ledatha eshintsha njalo. Ngakho-ke, amarekhodi abhekwa njengesikhashana kuze kube yilapho i-SAIH Services kanye namayunithi e-Measurement and Statistics e-Confederation ngayinye ewabuyekeza, ewaqinisekisa, futhi ewahlanganisa. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho eba idatha esemthethweni. Okwamanje, yize idatha yesikhathi sangempela isemthethweni, ingase ibuyekezwe noma ishintshwe kamuva ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwayo.
Endabeni ethile ye- idatha yesimo sezulu Nakuba idatha eqoqwe ngesikhathi sangempela (amazinga okushisa, imvula, njll.) iqoqwa yiziphathimandla zaseMfuleni, zicacisa ukuthi umsebenzi wayo unqunyelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphakathi ezindaweni zazo zomthwalo wemfanelo nokuthi akukho nqubo yokuqinisekisa ebanzi elandelayo eyenziwayo. Ngezifundo zobuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziywa, noma imibiko enesikhundla esisemthethweni, idatha yokubhekisela kumele itholakale kwi-State Meteorological Agency, okuyisikhungo esifanelekile se-climatology kanye nezibalo zomlando.
Izexwayiso zokusetshenziswa kanye nemithombo esemthethweni yolwazi
Isici esiyisisekelo sokuphathwa kolwazi mayelana isimo samanje samaxhaphozi Lesi yisixwayiso esicacile kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Iziphathimandla zaseRiver Basin kanye nezinhlangano ezihlobene zigcizelela ukuthi idatha yesikhathi sangempela, yize iwusizo futhi isemthethweni, akufanele isetshenziswe yodwa ukwenza izinqumo ezithinta ukuphepha komuntu siqu, ukuphepha komphakathi, noma imisebenzi yebhizinisi enemiphumela ebalulekile yezomnotho noma yokusebenza. Isizathu silula: kuhlale kukhona umkhawulo wephutha, ukubambezeleka, noma ukubuyekezwa okungashintsha kancane izibalo zokuqala.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuyalandelwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ulwazi oluhlanganisiwe noluqinisekisiwe Lena idatha eshicilelwe ngokuqinisekile kuma-bulletin asemthethweni, imibiko yamanzi, izibalo zonyaka, kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe elungiselelwe uMnyango, iziphathimandla zaseMfuleni, kanye nezinhlangano zocwaningo zomphakathi ezifana ne-CEDEX. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlelo ezihambisanayo ezifana ne-SIAR (Agroclimatic Information System for Irrigation, ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo) zinikeza idatha eyengeziwe ngesimo sezulu kanye nokunisela, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni kwezolimo.
Imithombo eyinhloko yolwazi ekhonjiwe kumadokhumenti okubhekisela yi- Ministry for the Ecological TransitionI-AEMET, amanethiwekhi e-SAIH e-River Basin Authorities, i-CEDEX, kanye ne-SIAR uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-portals akhethekile emachibini nasemadamini, amanye awo anamalayisense avulekile (njenge-Creative Commons BY 4.0 yezithombe), asebenzisa le datha esemthethweni ukunikeza imibono, ukuqhathanisa komlando, kanye namamephu asebenzisanayo esimo samanzi agciniwe.
Lezi zingosi zivame ukubuyekezwa masonto onke, nge isitembu sesikhathi esinembile (isibonelo, 05/25/2026 ngo-11:37 AM), okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi azi ngaso sonke isikhathi usuku oluhambisana nezibalo ezibonisiwe. Ezimweni eziningi, kungenzeka futhi ukuqhathanisa isimo samanje nesesonto eledlule, nosuku olufanayo ngonyaka odlule, kanye nesilinganiso seminyaka eyishumi edlule, okusiza ukuhlonza ukuthi sibhekene nonyaka owomile noma omanzi kunokuvamile.
Ngale ndlela, ukuqapha isimo samanje samadamu kusekelwe ohlelweni oluphelele lwe- ukulinganisa, ukudlulisa kanye nokuqinisekisa Lolu hlelo lwedatha luhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuqapha kude kanye neminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni esiqongelelwe ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi. Nakuba lungewona ngaphandle kwemingcele yobuchwepheshe kanye nokungaqiniseki kwesimo sezulu okukhona, lolu hlelo lunikeza isithombe esinembile ngesimo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nakuyo yonke indawo.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yilezi zithombe singesezwe eline- amanzi amaningi kakhulu Ezindaweni eziningi zalo, ngenxa yesikhathi semvula esiningi kanye nenethiwekhi yamachibi abambe futhi agcina ingxenye enhle yalawo manzi, umehluko wesifunda, ukuncika kwaso ezimweni zezulu zesikhathi esizayo, kanye nezici ezithile zokusebenza kwechibi ngalinye kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ukuphathwa kwamanzi kuhlala kuyibhalansi ebucayi ethonywa yizinqumo zokuhlela kanye nezenzakalo zemvelo.
