i-vanilla enye yezinongo ezaziswa kakhulu futhi ezidliwe emhlabeni wonke, into ngenxa yesici sayo nephunga elimnandi kanye nokunambitheka. Imvelaphi yayo, nakuba ingase isimangaze, isendaweni eshisayo nasembalini emise okwe-orchid.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalesi siqholo esingashodi emakhekheni, kodwa nakumakhilimu, amakhandlela, izinsipho nakho konke okunephunga elimnandi le-vanilla, hlala ukwazi konke esihlokweni esisilungiselele namuhla.
Umsuka nokutshalwa kwe-vanilla
I-vanilla iye yaba esetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngamasiko angaphambi kweSpanishi, njengamaTotonaca asesifundeni samanje saseVeracruz, eMexico, okuthiwa angabokuqala ukulitshala. Ama-Aztec, ngaphansi kokubusa kukaMontezuma II, nawo asebenzisa i-vanilla njenge isithako sokunambitha ushokoledi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinongo sasingeke saziwe ngaphandle kweMelika kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika amakoloni aseYurophu ngekhulu le-16.
El Imvelaphi yasendle ye-vanilla isuka endaweni eshisayo yase-Central America naseMexico, lapho ikhula ngendlela ye-orchid yohlobo lweVanilla. Isitshalo esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-vanilla yi I-Vanilla planifolia, nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ezikhiqiza lesi sinongo njenge I-Vanilla tahitensis futhi i I-vanilla pompom.
Igama elithi "vanilla" livela egameni lesiSpanishi elithi "pod", kubhekiselwa ku-pod lapho imbewu yesitshalo ikhona. Futhi i-vanilla, Itholakala ezithelweni ezingavuthiwe zesitshalo, okuyizigaxa ezinde, ezincanyana, okuthi lapho sezivuthiwe, zidlule enqubweni yokwelapha ngokucophelela ukuze kukhule iphunga elimnandi nephunga.
Inqubo yokulima
Khulisa isitshalo se-vanilla Akuyona inqubo elula, idinga izimo zemvelo eziqondile kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngesitshalo esikhula ngokwemvelo endaweni eshisayo, ngakho-ke sithanda izimo ezifudumele nezinomswakama ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-21ºC no-32ºC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilanga eliqondile neliningi liyingozi kulo, ngakho lidinga umthunzi oyingxenye, ojwayele ukukhula ngaphansi komthunzi wezihlahla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-complication eyengeziwe ekhona ngesikhathi esifanayo a isici esithakazelisayo sembali ye-vanilla: impova yayo. Izimbali ziyi-hermaphrodite, kodwa Bavula kanye kuphela ngonyaka futhi impilo yabo ifushane kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impova kufanele yenziwe mathupha. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinyosi zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhipha impova kulezi zimbali nezinye eziningi, kodwa lapho lezi zisebenzi zingekho, kumelwe kube isandla somuntu somlimi ompova izimbali ukuze aqinisekise isivuno esihle.
Ukuvuna nokwelapha
Lapho izimbali sezivuthiwe, ziqala ukukhiqiza ama-pods (njengalawo ongawabona esithombeni sezihlahla endaweni engezansi). Lezi pods Zithatha phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisi-7 neziyisi-9 ukuvuthwa. Uma sezilungile, ziyavunwa futhi zibe ngaphansi kwe-a inqubo yokwelapha engathatha ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha. Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze ama-pods akhe iphunga eliyingqayizivele kanye nokunambitheka kwe-vanilla. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukugcoba ama-pods emanzini ashisayo, ukuwayeka ome elangeni futhi uwagcine ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezilawulwayo.
Inqubo yokwelapha ibalulekile ukuze uthole ikhwalithi oyifunayo kuma-pods. I-essence ye-vanilla ikhula ngalesi sikhathi, ivumela ukuthi ifinyelele iphunga layo elimnandi kanye nokunambitheka okuthandwa kakhulu ngabathengi.
Ukukhiqizwa sekukonke
Umkhiqizi omkhulu we-vanilla okhona namuhla utholakala Madagascar, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ama-80%. yawo wonke ukukhiqizwa komhlaba. Ama-20% asele akhiqizwa eMexico, Indonesia, India naseTahiti. Kodwa-ke, konke ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanilla kudlula ezinkingeni ezihlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nesidingo esikhulu somkhiqizo esidlula ukunikezwa. Konke lokhu kukhuphule inani le-vanilla kuze kube yilapho iba enye yezinongo ezibiza kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vanilla
I-vanilla ingasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ngakho-ke ingaba nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Kwe imboni yokudla, iyisinongo okubalulekile kuka-ayisikhilimu, amakhekhe, ushokoledi neziphuzo. Kodwa ngaphezu kokudla, obekulokhu kuwukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko, isetshenziswa ku umhlaba weziqholo nezimonyo noma ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu ngenxa yephunga layo elimnandi kanye nezinzuzo enazo esikhumbeni njengokuthi: i-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory kanye ne-soothing.
I-vanilla, ngaphezu kwalokho, inezici eziningi futhi ezithakazelisayo ezifana i-antioxidant, i-anti-inflammatory, inomphumela wokuthulisa, ithuthukisa ukugaya futhi i-bactericidal. Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu, ibuye isetshenziswe ekwelapheni okunomsoco noma ama-aromatherapies. Enye impahla ehlotshaniswa ne-vanilla ukwanda kwesifiso socansi njenge-aphrodisiac.
Manje, akuyona yonke into ethengiswa njenge-vanilla i-vanilla yemvelo, futhi. kukhona i-vanilla yokwenziwa, eshibhe kakhulu kodwa engenazo izakhiwo kanye nesici kanye nokunambitheka kwemvelo kwe-vanilla okuthathwe emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqaphele lapho sithenga i-vanilla ukuthi yikuphi okukhethwa kukho kokubili esikuthengayo.
