b
Izigidi zezigameko zomdlavuza zitholakala emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka. Futhi, nakuba kungase kube nzima ukufunda, ingxenye enkulu yalezi zingozi ingagwenywa ngokushintsha imikhuba ethile yansuku zonke. Alikho inhlamvu yomlingo yokuzivikela kumdlavuza, kodwa isayensi icace bha entweni eyodwa: indlela yethu yokuphila, indawo esiphila kuyo, nezici ezithile zebhayoloji zingandisa noma zehlise ingcuphe yokuwuhlakulela.
Qonda ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza, bheka izibonelo ezicacile, futhi wazi ukuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani. Kusinikeza indawo yokuqondisa nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Akukhona ukuhlala ngokwesaba, kodwa mayelana nokudlalela okusizuzisa kakhulu: ukudla kangcono, ukuhamba kakhulu, ukugwema ugwayi notshwala obudlulele, ukuvikela isikhumba sethu elangeni, ukugonyelwa izifo ezithile, nokuyohlolwa udokotela njalo.
Iyini ingozi yomdlavuza futhi ibonakala kanjani?
Isici esiyingozi somdlavuza yinoma yisiphi isici, ukuchayeka, noma umkhuba okhulisa amathuba okuba nesimila.Kunabantu abanezici eziningi ezibeka engcupheni abangakaze babe nomdlavuza, kanti abanye abaphethwe yiwo ngaphandle kokuba nezingozi ezisobala, kodwa uma lezi zici zinqwabelana, kulapho kuba khona amathiphu okulinganisela kulesi sifo.
Abacwaningi bathola lezi zici zobungozi ngokuyinhloko ngezifundo ze-epidemiological.Lezi zifundo ziqhathanisa amaqembu amakhulu abantu abanomdlavuza nabantu abangenaso lesi sifo. Bahlaziya umehluko endleleni yokuphila, indawo ezungezile, indawo yokusebenza, umlando womndeni, nomlando wezokwelapha ukuze babone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela eziphindaphindiwe.
Lapho izifundo ezimbalwa zithola ukuhlangana okufanayo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunendlela enengqondo yezinto eziphilayo eziyichazayo (Isibonelo, into elimaza i-DNA noma ukutheleleka okubangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli), umphakathi wesayensi uthola ukuzethemba ukuthi akuyona into eyenzeka ngengozi. Kusukela lapho, lezi zici zingaba yingxenye yezincomo ezisemthethweni zokuvimbela.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezici zengcuphe ezingaguquguquka nezingaguquleki.Okwakuqala kuncike kakhulu emikhubeni yethu nendawo esihlala kuyo (ugwayi, utshwala, ukudla, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, izifo, indlela yokuphila yokungawuvivinyi, njll.), kuyilapho lokhu kwakamuva kungenakushintshwa, okufana neminyaka, ubulili, noma izinguquko ezithile ezizuzwe njengefa. Umgomo ucacile: ukunciphisa lezo zici esizilawulayo ukuze sinxephezele lezo esingenakuzigwema.
Kukhona nezinto okuthiwa zivikelayo.Okungukuthi, ukuziphatha noma izici ezinciphisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza: ukudla okunothe ngezithelo nemifino, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, isisindo esinempilo, ukugonyelwa amagciwane athile noma ukuvikela elangeni okwanele, phakathi kokunye.
Ugwayi: isici esiyinhloko sengozi eguqulekayo
Ugwayi usalokhu uyisici esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esivinjelwayo somdlavuza emhlabeniIlinganiselwa ku-14% yazo zonke izigameko zomdlavuza kanye nama-20% okufa komdlavuza kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu, okungumdlavuza obulala kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kanye nakuzwelonke.
Ukubhema akuhlangene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphelaIphinde yandisa ingozi yezimila emlonyeni, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, isibindi, amanyikwe, esinyeni, izinso, isisu, umlomo wesibeletho, ikholoni, futhi rectum, phakathi kwabanye. Ugwayi ohlafunwayo neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi ongenantuthu nayo ayinabungozi: ixhumene nomdlavuza womlomo, umphimbo, namanyikwe.
Isizathu siwukuthi intuthu kagwayi iqukethe izinto zamakhemikhali ezingaphezu kuka-5 000, okungenani ezingu-70 zazo ezibangela umdlavuza ngokusobala. (njengama-nitrosamine athile noma i-benzene). Lawa ma-molecule alimaza ngokuqondile i-DNA yamangqamuzana futhi avimbele ukulungiswa kwawo, akhuthaze ukuvuvukala okungapheli okungapheli, futhi angabangela izinguquko ze-epigenetic, okungukuthi, ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesimila ukuba sivule noma sivale.
Ukuqhubeka nokubhema ngemva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza nakho kubhebhethekisa ukubikezelwaUgwayi uboniswe ukwandisa ubuthi bezokwelapha ezifana ne-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwazo, ukwandisa imiphumela emibi, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokusinda okuphelele kanye namathuba aphezulu okuphinde abuyele emdlavuza wamaphaphu, wekhanda nentamo, webele, noma wekholoni.
Akumele sikhohlwe iqhaza lentuthu yabanye abantuUkuchayeka kancane entuthuni kagwayi kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yamaphaphu, amabele, neminye imidlavuza, kanye nokwenza inkambo yomtholampilo ibe nzima kulabo asebethintekile. Ukuyeka ukubhema, ngisho nangemva kokuxilongwa, kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuphinda futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphila ngaphandle kwezifo, ngakho "akukephuzi kakhulu" ukuyeka.
Utshwala: i-carcinogen yezitho eziningi
Utshwala bubhekwa njenge-carcinogen eqondile okuthonya yonke into kusukela ekubukeni kwesimila kuya ekuziphatheni kwaso ngemva kokuxilongwa. Kunobudlelwane obucacile bokuphendula umthamo: lapho amagremu amaningi otshwala aphuzwa ngosuku futhi iminyaka eyengeziwe, makhulu amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.
Ngisho namanani abhekwa “njengamaphakathi” angandisa ingoziikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele kanye nopopopo. Phakathi kwezimila ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuphuzwa kophuzo oludakayo kukhona ezasemlonyeni, zomphimbo, zomphimbo, zomphimbo, isibindi, ikholoni, irectum nebele. Olunye ucwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe lubalula cishe ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza oku-1 kokungu-25 ekuphuzeni utshwala.
Indlela eyinhloko ihlanganisa i-acetaldehydeLona umkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo we-ethanol metabolism olimaza ngokuqondile i-DNA futhi ukhiqize ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kumaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza kusebenze izindlela ezithinta ukuvuvukala futhi ibangele izinguquko ezithile zamahomoni, njengokukhuphuka kwamazinga e-estrogen kwabesifazane, okuxhunyaniswa nengcuphe ephakeme yomdlavuza webele.
Kubantu abanomdlavuza, ukuqhubeka nokuphuza kunomthelela ekwenzeni isimo sibe sibi. ukusebenza kwesibindi kanye nemetabolism yezidakamizwaukwandisa ubuthi be-chemotherapy nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlelekile. Ngokuphambene, ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda utshwala ngemva kokuxilongwa kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokusinda okungcono kanye nokubuyela emuva okumbalwa, ikakhulukazi kumdlavuza webele nowokholoni.
Eqinisweni, izincomo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zihlose ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngangokunokwenzeka noma, ngokufanelekile, ukubuqeda ngokuphelele.Noma yikuphi ukuncishiswa kuyasiza, kodwa idatha ibonisa ukuthi alikho izinga "eliphephe" ngokuphelele lokusetshenziswa maqondana nengozi yomdlavuza, nokho utshwala obujwayelekile bungase bube senhlalweni yomphakathi.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isisindo somzimba kanye nomdlavuza
Isisindo esiningi nokukhuluphala ngokweqile manje sekuyimbangela yesibili eholela ekugwemeni komdlavuzaOkwesibili kugwayi kuphela, kuye kwaxhunyaniswa okungenani nezinhlobo ezingu-13 zezimila, kuhlanganise nalezo zethumba, ibele langemva kokumenopausal, i-endometrium, izinso, umminzo, isibindi, amanyikwe, inyongo, i-ovary, ne-thyroid, kanye ne-multiple myeloma.
Inkomba yesisindo somzimba (BMI) phakathi kuka-18,5 no-24,9 ibhekwa njengenempiloKusukela eminyakeni engu-25 (ukukhuluphala ngokweqile), ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza othile iyanda kancane kancane, futhi nakakhulu lapho umuntu engena ebangeni lokukhuluphala. Asigcini nje ngokukhuluma ngengozi yokuba nomdlavuza: isisindo siphinde sibe nomthelela emathubeni okwelapha nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Izicubu ezinamafutha amaningi zikhuthaza isimo sokuvuvukala okungapheli kwebanga eliphansiIshintsha i-metabolism yama-hormone afana ne-estrogen ne-insulin, futhi iguqule izici zokukhula ezihilelekile ekwandeni kwamaseli. Kumdlavuza we-colorectal, isibonelo, ubuhlobo obucacile phakathi kokukhuluphala kanye namathuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa isimila kuye kwaboniswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwenza ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kube nzima futhi kwenza ukwelashwa kube nzimaKubantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, ukutholwa koquqaba noma izinguquko phakathi nokuhlolwa komzimba kungase kubambezeleke, futhi ukuhlolwa okufana ne-mammograms noma ukuhlinzwa okuthile kungase kube nzima kakhulu. Ezinye zokwelapha, ezifana nokwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy, zingase zingasebenzi kahle noma zibe nezinga eliphezulu lezinkinga.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa isisindo okuqhubekayo kuthuthukisa impendulo ekwelashweniYehlisa ubungozi bokuphinda futhi yehlise nokufa komdlavuza ezimila ezixhumene kakhulu nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, njengomdlavuza webele kanye nopopopo. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo akukhona nje nge-aesthetics, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza kanye nokubekezelela ukwelashwa okungcono uma isifo sikhula.
Amaphethini okudla okunomsoco kanye nokuvikela
Indlela esidla ngayo nsuku zonke ingavimbela phakathi kuka-30 no-40% wezigameko zomdlavuzaikakhulukazi umzila wokugaya ukudla futhi, ikakhulukazi, umdlavuza we-colorectal. Akukho ukudla "okuyisimangaliso" okwelapha noma okubangela umdlavuza ngokwakho, kodwa kukhona amaphethini okudla akhulisa ngokusobala noma anciphisa ingozi.
Ukudla okunothe ngezithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, nokusanhlamvuUkudla okunothe ngamafutha anempilo (amafutha omnqumo engeziwe, amantongomane, inhlanzi enamafutha) kanye nokudla okusesilinganisweni kwamaprotheni ezilwane kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yezinhlobo zomdlavuza eziningana. Lolu hlobo lokudla, oluboniswa ukudla kwaseMedithera, lunemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant futhi luthuthukisa iphrofayili ye-metabolic.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphethini enenyama eningi ebomvu negayiwe, kucutshungulwe kakhuluwanezela ushukela nofulawa ocolisisiwe Kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza we-colorectal. Ukupheka inyama emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (i-griddle eshisa kakhulu, izoso) kukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-heterocyclic amines nama-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, anamandla okwenza umdlavuza.
I-fiber yokudla idlala indima yokuvikela ikakhulukaziUkudla cishe ama-25-30 g we-fiber ngosuku kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi ye-15-20% yomdlavuza wekoloni. I-fiber isiza ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamathumbu, inciphisa isikhathi sokuthintana nama-carcinogens angaba khona ngolwelwesi lwamakholoni, futhi ikhuthaze i-gut microbiota enempilo.
Izinhlanganisela ezithile ezitholakala ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni zibonakala zinikeza inzuzo eyengeziwe.njenge-sulforaphane ku-broccoli noma ama-polyphenols etiyeni eliluhlaza namajikijolo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingashintsha izindlela zokwanda kwamangqamuzana, zinciphise ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, futhi zithuthukise izindlela zokuzivikela zomzimba. Ucwaningo oluningana lubonise izinzuzo ezithile kumdlavuza onjengomdlavuza webele.
Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza, isimo esihle somsoco naso senza umehlukoUkudla okunomsoco kusiza ukulondoloza imisipha, kunciphisa ubuthi bezokwelapha, kufinyeze isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila ngokunciphisa ukukhathala neminye imiphumela emibi. Izinkombandlela zincoma, phakathi kwezinye izindlela, okungenani ama-servings amahlanu ezithelo nemifino ngosuku (cishe ama-400 g), ukukhetha okusanhlamvu, ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu ibe ngaphansi kwama-200 g ngesonto, nokugwema inyama egayiwe kanye nokudla okunoshukela okuphezulu okugaywe.
Ukuzivivinya umzimba, indlela yokuphila engenzi lutho kanye nengozi yomdlavuza
Ukungasebenzi komzimba kanye nokuziphatha isikhathi eside kokunganyakazi sekusungulwe njengezici ezifanele zobungozi bomdlavuza.. the ukuvivinya umzimba njaloKodwa-ke, yehlisa ubungozi bezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili zezimila, okuhlanganisa ikholoni, isifuba, i-endometrium, izinso kanye nomminzo.
Abantu abakhuthele kakhulu bangase babe nengozi efinyelela ku-25% yomdlavuza webele kunalowo ohlezi kakhulu. Ocwaningweni olusekelwe ezinyathelweni zansuku zonke, labo abathatha izinyathelo ezingaba ngu-7.000 ngosuku bakhombisa ingozi ephansi ngo-11% yomdlavuza kunalabo abafinyelela ku-5.000 kuphela, futhi labo abafinyelela ezinyathelweni ezibalelwa ku-9.000 bayehlisa cishe ngo-16%.
Izinzuzo zokuvivinya umzimba zidlulela ngalé kokulawula isisindoUkunyakaza kusiza ukulawula ama-hormone ocansi (ama-estrogens, ama-androgens) nezici zokukhula, kunciphisa i-insulin futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwayo, kunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwesistimu, kuthuthukisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba futhi kusheshise ukuhamba kwamathumbu, kunciphise ukuthintana kwe-mucosa okungenzeka kube yi-carcinogens.
Olunye uhlangothi lohlamvu lwemali yindlela yokuphila yokuhlalaUkuchitha amahora amaningi ngosuku uhleli kuhlotshaniswe nengozi eyandayo efinyelela ku-66% kwezinye izimila (ezifana nekholoni ne-endometrium), kanye nokwanda okungama-82% engcupheni yokufa komdlavuza kubantu abangasebenzi kakhulu, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe izikhungo ezinkulu zomdlavuza emhlabeni jikelele.
Kubantu asebevele bawunqobile umdlavuza, ukuvivinya umzimba nakho kubonisa inguquko.Izinhlelo zokuvivinya umzimba ezihleliwe ezilandela ukwelashwa kwezimila ezifana nomdlavuza kapopopo ziye zaboniswa ukunciphisa amathuba okuphinda futhi zithuthukise ukuphila ngaphandle kwezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla nokugcina isisindo semisipha kubonakala kunciphisa ubuthi bezidakamizwa ezithile (njenge-cisplatin) futhi kuthuthukisa ukubekezelela ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-radiotherapy.
Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet, amagesi, nezinye izici zemvelo
Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni nemibhede yokushukwa yizici eziyinhloko eziyingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumbaokuhlanganisa i-melanoma, i-basal cell carcinoma, ne-squamous cell carcinoma. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-melanoma angu-9 kwangu-10 angavinjelwa ngokuchayeka elangeni ngendlela efanele.
Imisebe ye-UV idala umonakalo oqondile ku-DNA yamangqamuzana esikhumbaYandisa ukucindezeleka kwamaselula, ikhuthaza ukuvuvukala okungapheli, futhi ivimbele kancane ukubhekwa kwamasosha omzimba wendawo. Isikhumba sine "inkumbulo": umonakalo unqwabelana kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngakho ukushisa kwelanga okuphindaphindiwe empilweni yokuqala kubhaliwe futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza emashumini eminyaka kamuva.
Izincomo eziyisisekelo ze zivikele elangeni Acacile futhi alulaGwema ukuchayeka elangeni phakathi namahora aphakeme kakhulu osuku (cishe u-12:00 kuya ku-16:00), sebenzisa okokuvikela ilanga okubanzi okune-SPF ephezulu (okungenani engu-30-50), uphinde uwagcobe njalo ngemva kwamahora amabili nangemuva kokubhukuda noma ukujuluka, futhi umboze ngezingubo, izigqoko, nezibuko. Imibhede yokushukwa kwesikhumba kufanele igwenywe ngokuphelele, njengoba ikhipha imisebe ye-UV eyanele ukwandisa ingozi ye-melanoma.
Ngaphandle kwemisebe yelanga, nezinye izici zemvelo nazo zinendima.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya namagesi, njenge-radon, kuye kwahlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-Radon igesi ekhipha imisebe eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ephuma ngaphansi komhlaba futhi inganqwabelana ezindlini nezakhiwo ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile.
Izinhlayiya ezikhishwe i-radon zingalimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana amaphaphu.Idala ingcindezi ye-oxidative futhi ibambe iqhaza ekuvuvukeni okuqhubekayo, konke okuxhumene nokuthuthukiswa kwezimila. Nakuba umthelela wawo wangempela usaphenywa ngokujulile, ubhekwa njengomdlavuza obalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma uhlanganiswe nogwayi, okwandisa ingozi.
Ukutheleleka nomdlavuza: amagciwane, amabhaktheriya nama-parasites ahilelekile
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-5% womdlavuza ubangelwa izifo ezingelapheki. okubangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, noma izimuncagazi. Lezi zifo zidala ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, ziguqule izinqubo zamangqamuzana, futhi, kwezinye izimo, zikhiqize amaprotheni aguqula amangqamuzana abe izimila.
Phakathi kwama-ejenti abaluleke kakhulu i-human papillomavirus (HPV)I-HPV ibhekene cishe namaphesenti angama-90 omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho nowangemuva, kanye nenani elikhulu lamathumba epipini, i-vulva, i-vagin, ne-oropharynx. Amaprotheni e-HPV aphazamisa izindlela ezilawula umjikelezo weseli kanye nokulungiswa kwe-DNA.
I-bacterium Helicobacter pylori ixhunywe ku-75-76% womdlavuza wesisu. kanye namanye ama-lymphomas esiswini. Imvamisa ingabonakali, iphutha ngokuqunjelwa kalula, kuyilapho ilimaza i-mucosa yesisu kanye ne-DNA yamaseli, ikhuthaza ukuqhubekela phambili kwezilonda eziyingozi futhi, ekugcineni, nomdlavuza.
Amagciwane e-hepatitis B no-C (i-HBV ne-HCV) abangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwesibindiokungaholela ku-cirrhosis kanye ne-hepatocellular carcinoma. Amanye amagciwane, njengegciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV) noma i-Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8), axhumene nama-lymphomas kanye nama-sarcomas, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangenawo amandla omzimba. Izimuncagazi, ezifana ne-Schistosoma haematobium (umdlavuza wesinye) noma i-Opisthorchis viverrini (umdlavuza we-bile duct), nazo ziyathinteka ezifundeni ezithile zomhlaba.
Amathuluzi okunciphisa lezi zingozi achazwe kahle: Ukugonywa kwe-HPV ebusheni (ivimbela cishe i-100% yezilonda eziyingozi zomlomo wesibeletho) kanye ne-hepatitis B (enciphisa kakhulu umdlavuza wesibindi), ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwezifo ezifana ne-HCV noma i-H. pylori emaqenjini asengozini, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu, imfundo yezocansi kanye nezinyathelo ezanele zokuhlanzeka.
Izici zengozi ezingaguquki: iminyaka, izakhi zofuzo, nokunye
Kunezici eziyingozi esingeke sizishintshe, kodwa eziwusizo ukuze sizazi ukuze kulungiswe izinga lokugadwa.Iminyaka yobudala ingenye yazo: imidlavuza eminingi ivama kakhulu njengoba sikhula, ngoba amaseli aqongelela umonakalo we-DNA futhi ezinye izindlela zokulungisa ziyaphela.
Ufuzo nomlando womndeni nakho kunendima.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-5 no-10% wezimila kungenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Lokhu kunjalo ngokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 (okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele kanye ne-ovarian) noma i-Lynch syndrome (ehambisana ne-colorectal, i-endometrial, nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza).
Akuwona wonke amacala omdlavuza emndenini ahilela isifo sofuzo.Kodwa-ke, iphethini yamalungu omndeni amaningana athintwe isimila esifanayo, noma ebudaleni obungavamile, idinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Kulezi zimo, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kanye namasu okuqapha okujulile, noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa kokuvimbela kwezinye izimo ezithile, kungase kucatshangelwe.
Ubulili nobuzwe nakho kunendima.Eminye imidlavuza itholakala ocansini olulodwa kuphela (i-prostate emadodeni, i-ovarian kwabesifazane) noma kaningi koyedwa wabo (webele kwabesifazane, nakuba kungenzeka nakwabesilisa). Izizwe ezithile nazo zikhombisa izehlakalo eziphezulu zamathumba athile, ngokuvamile ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto zofuzo, ezemvelo, kanye nezenhlalo-mnotho.
Ezinye izifo ezingapheli zandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izimila ezithweni ezithile.Ngokwesibonelo, isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (i-ulcerative colitis noma isifo sikaCrohn) sandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni; i-cirrhosis, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela, iphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi; futhi ezinye iziyaluyalu zamahomoni zingase zibangele izimila zegilo, i-endometrium, noma ezinye izicubu.
Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi: amasu okuvimbela asebenzayo
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka "ukuzivikela" ngokuphelele kumdlavuza, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi kuze kufike ku-40-50% wamacala angavinjelwa. Ukuhlanganisa izinguquko zendlela yokuphila namasu okuthola kusenesikhathi. Akukhona mayelana nokuzuza ukuphelela, kodwa mayelana nokwengeza izinqumo ezincane, ezingaguquki usuku nosuku.
Ezinye izincomo ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele. (futhi ugweme intuthu kagwayi), wehlise utshwala bube buncane noma ubususe, landela ukudla okunothe ngokudla okusha okusekelwe ezitshalweni nokudla okuphansi okugayiwe, gcina isisindo esinempilo futhi wenze okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuvivinya umzimba okusesilinganisweni kweviki ngalinye noma imizuzu engu-75 yokuzivivinya ngamandla.
Kuyisihluthulelo futhi sokuzivikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ngokuvikela ilanga, izingubo ezifanele, nokugwema ilanga lasemini.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo namagesi ngangokunokwenzeka (ukufaka umoya endlini, kulandela izincomo eziphathelene ne-radon namanye ama-ejenti emvelo). Ukugonyelwa i-HPV kanye ne-hepatitis B, kanye nokutholwa nokwelashwa kwezifo ezifana ne-H. pylori noma i-HCV, kuqedela isu lokuvimbela elisekelwe ekuthelelekeni.
Ekugcineni, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kanye Ukuhlola okunconyiwe ngokobudala nobulili Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbelaI-Mammograms, i-cytology kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV, amakholonoscopies noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-fecal occult, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, noma, kubantu abakhethiwe, ukuhlolwa kwamaphaphu nge-tomography ye-dose ephansi, kuvumela ukutholakala kwezilonda ezigabeni zakuqala kakhulu, lapho amathuba okwelapha ephakeme kakhulu.
Ukuqaphela zonke lezi zici zobungozi, ukufunda ngezibonelo ezithile, nokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezibonakale zisebenza ngempumelelo Ivumela ukuvinjelwa komdlavuza ukuthi kuguqulwe kube ukuzibophezela kwansuku zonke kwezempilo: wonke usikilidi ongakhanyiswanga, konke ukudla okwengeziwe kwemifino, konke ukuhamba okungena esikhundleni santambama yonke ehlezi phambi kwesikrini, yonke imithi yokuvikela ilanga efakwe kahle noma yonke imithi yokugoma enikeziwe yizinyathelo ezincane, ezihlanganiswa ndawonye, ezinikeza isikali esivuna impilo ende nekhwalithi engcono.
