Wonke umuntu udinga ukuba nomdlandla ngento ethile.Ukuba nezinto ozithandayo, izinhloso ezinhle, noma amaphrojekthi anikeza injongo empilweni yakho futhi akushukumisele ukuba uthuthuke kubalulekile. Uma leyo ntshisekelo isekelwe ekucabangeni nasekukhululekeni, ivame ukuba yimfanelo yangempela: ukufunda ngentshiseko, ukuzibandakanya enkambisweni yomphakathi, ukulandela iqembu, noma ukuhlakulela ingokomoya kungaba amandla ashukumisayo amahle kakhulu.
Inkinga iphakama lapho lowo mdlandla ukhula kakhulu futhi uba yinto engokoqobo...kuze kufike ezingeni lokucindezela ukucabanga okubucayi, ukubusa ukuziphatha, kanye nokuphula iqiniso. Ngaleso sikhathi, asisakhulumi ngentshisekelo noma ukuzibophezela, kodwa ngokushisekela ngokweqile: uhlobo oluqine kakhulu lokunamathela olusebenza njengomenzi wengqondo yomuntu siqu kanye nenkululeko yangaphakathi.
Kuyini ukushisekela ubushiqela futhi kuvelaphi?
Ubushiqela buyindlela yokunamathela ngokungaguquki nangokungenamibandela enkambisweni ethile, kumuntu, emfundisweni, noma eqenjini.Lokhu kuhambisana nokuvikela ngokweqile nokungenangqondo kwalokho okukhulekelwa. Akuyona nje indaba "yokuthanda" into kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho kuhilela ukuzinikela ngokweqile okususa ukungabaza, kuvimbele ukungabaza, futhi kwenze umuntu angathinteki kunoma yikuphi ukugxekwa noma ulwazi oluphambene.
Kuyisimo esivamile nesidala kakhuluIvela cishe kuzo zonke izizinda kanye nezikhathi zomlando (ezimweni ezifana abathakathi baseSalemNgisho nasefilosofi yakudala, kwakuxoxwa ngezingozi zezinkolelo ezingaguquki kanye nokungacabangi kahle lapho kubhekene nokuhlukahluka. Lokhu akuyona into ethile enkolweni eyodwa, ezweni, noma emibonweni ethile, kodwa kunalokho ukuthambekela okungenzeka kwengqondo yomuntu lapho ifuna ukuqiniseka okuphelele.
Leli gama livela kwelesiLatini elithi “fanaticus”, elihlobene nelithi “fanum” (ithempeli)., futhi ekuqaleni lalibhekisela kulabo ababephethwe noma abaphefumulelwe unkulunkulu (amacala okuzizwa bedidekile njenge amademoni aseLoudunEzindaweni zokukhulekela zaseRoma lasendulo, abantu abazinikele kakhulu babebuthana, bethatha ukuzinikela kwabo okungokwenkolo ngendlela eyeqisayo. Kulokhu kwavela igama elithi "oshiseka ngokweqile" ukuchaza umuntu ophila noma iyiphi inkolelo noma inhloso ngokuzinikela okuqinile nokweqisayo, njengokungathi unkulunkulu okufanele akhonzwe ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Namuhla sisebenzisa “ukushisekela ngokweqile” ukuchaza ukuvikela okudlulele, okungenangqondo, nokungagxeki komqondo, iqembu, noma umuntuUmuntu othanda izinto ngokweqile akamane nje athande into ethile: uyibeka ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye, ayenze ibe yisici sakhe esimchazayo, futhi azizwe sengathi ukuyihlasela kuyihlaselo kuye. Ukwahlulela kwabo kuyaphambuka ekubeni qotho kuze kube sezingeni lokuba cishe bavikeleke ezimpikiswaneni, ebufakazini, noma engxoxweni enengqondo.
Ukushisekela kungavela ezindaweni eziningi: inkolo, ezombusazwe, ezemidlalo, isiko, abalandeli babaculingisho nangokuphathelene nendlela yokuphila, imibono ebonakala sengathi ayihambisani nenkolo, noma izikhundla ezimelene nenkolo. Akufanele kudidaniswe nokwethembeka noma ukuzibandakanya okubucayi: ukulandela iqembu, ukuqhuba ukholo, noma ukusekela iqembu kuyinto eyodwa, kodwa ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuzigxeka nokubekezelelana kuyinto ehlukile kakhulu.
Izici zengqondo zomuntu oshisekela ngokweqile
Ubushiqela akuyona nje isethi yemibono, kodwa indlela yokucabanga, yokuzizwa, neyokwenzaOkulandelayo isifinyezo sezici ezivame kakhulu zokucabanga okushisekayo, njengoba kuchazwe yi-psychology, ifilosofi, kanye nokuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene komphakathi.
Isici sokuqala ukuqiniseka okuphelele kokuthi ulungileUmuntu othanda izinto ngokweqile uphila izinkolelo zakhe njengamaqiniso angenakuguqulwa, abekwe etsheni, angavumi ukubuyekezwa noma ukungabaza. Kunzima kakhulu ngabo ukungabaza ukuthi bangase babe nephutha noma babandlulule; ukuzigxeka cishe akukho nhlobo.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, kuvame ukungakwazi ukwamukela ukuthi abanye bangase babe nephuzu.Noma yini ephambuka embonweni wayo ibhekwa njengengamanga, ekhohlisayo, noma enonya, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okuphelele. Imizwa nokuziqhenya kubalwa ngaphezu kwamaqiniso noma ukucabanga, futhi noma yikuphi ukuphikisa kubhekwa njengokuhlasela komuntu siqu.
Esinye isici esichazayo umbono ohlukene weqinisoNoma ngabe umnyama noma umhlophe, abangane noma izitha, abathembekile noma abakhapheli. Akukho ndawo yezindawo ezimpunga, ama-nuances, noma indawo ephakathi nendawo. Ukwehluka kwemibono, noma ngabe kuncane kangakanani, kuyaqiswa futhi kubekwa endaweni ephambene kakhulu, njengokungathi konke ukungavumelani kuyisongo.
Ukushisekela izinto ngokweqile kuyachuma nasekuzinikeleni kokuzidelaKuyaqhubeka ngisho noma kubangela umonakalo osobala empilweni yomuntu siqu noma emphakathini. Kunokuba kulungiswe lapho kubhekene nobunzima, kungaqiniswa ngezindlela ezifana nokungaqondi kahle: lapho umuntu ehlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yesizathu esithile, kulapho evame ukuzithethelela futhi eqinisekisa khona ("uma ngibekezelela lokhu kakhulu, kumelwe kube ngoba kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu").
Abantu abaningi abashiseka ngokweqile babonisa izici zobuthakathaka bobugovu nokungazethembi.Imbangela noma iqembu abajoyina lona ligcwalisa isikhala sangaphakathi: ukuntuleka kokuzethemba, imizwa yokuba nesizungu, inkinga yobunikazi, noma ubunzima bokubekezelela ukungaqiniseki. Ukuzibophezela okuphelele kusebenza njengesiphephelo ekwesabeni inkululeko kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu ngamunye.
Ngokombono wengqondo, ukuphambuka okuvamile kwengqondo kuyabonakala ekucabangeni okushisekayo.: ukujwayela okuhlukumezayo (“wonke umuntu kulelo qembu uyafana”), ukuba yisisulu okweqile (“sishushiswa ngokukhuluma iqiniso”), ukuqina kwengqondo, ukuthambekela kokuqinisekisa idatha ehambisana nombono womuntu kanye nokuphika noma ukwedelela konke okunye.
Ukuziphatha okuvamile kobushiqela
Ubushiqela abuhlali engqondweni; buhumusha bube ukuziphatha okubonakalayo okungaba yingozi kakhulu. Nakuba kungebona bonke abalandeli abasebenzisa ubudlova, indlela yokuziphatha ivame ukuphinda izinto ezithile.
Ukuziphatha okuphawulekayo ukuzama ukuphoqelela umbono wakho kwabanye.Akwanele ukukholelwa ukuthi uqinisile: kubhekwa njengesibopho "sokuvula amehlo abo bonke abanye" nokubaholela "eqinisweni." Empeleni, lokhu kuhumusha kube inkulumo yobukhosi, izingxoxo ezinolaka, ukwedelela imibono ephikisanayo, kanye nokukholisa okungcolile okucishe kufane nokuphoqelelwa.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuphoqelelwa kungaba uhlobo lobudlovaIzimpi eziningi, imikhankaso yobuphekula, kanye nokuhlanzwa kohlanga kuye kwagqugquzelwa ukushisekela ngokwenkolo, kwezepolitiki, noma ngokwemibono okwenza isitha singabi nabuntu. Ngokubheka abanye “njengabangakholwayo,” “abangaphansi kwabantu,” noma “izitha zabantu,” kuba lula ukuthethelela izenzo zonya.
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezincane zobudlova.Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthukwa nokusongelwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabalandeli bamaqembu ahlukene, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamaqembu acwaswayo. Ngisho noma kungagcini ngenhlekelele, kubhebhethekisa isimo senzondo kanye nokwahlukana komphakathi okuqeda ukuhlala ndawonye.
Okunye ukuziphatha okuvamile ukwakhiwa kwesitha esipheleleUmhlaba uhlukaniswe ngokuthi “thina” kanye “nabo,” futhi konke okubi kubangelwa yiqembu eliphikisayo: inkohlakalo, ukuwohloka kokuziphatha, izinkinga zomnotho, ukungavikeleki, njll. Lokhu kuphikisana komunye kuvumela uzwela ukuthi luvinjelwe futhi kwehlisa umuntu abe yigama elihlambalazayo.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukushisekela izinto ngokweqile kubonakala ngokuthanda izinto eziningi.Umuntu othanda izinto eziningi cishe uhlala ekhuluma ngezinto ezifanayo: inkolo yakhe, imibono yakhe, iqembu lakhe, umculi amthandayo, noma injongo yakhe. Ubudlelwano bakhe nabantu buvame ukugxila kubantu abanentshiseko efanayo, futhi bangase bazihlukanise nabangane noma umndeni ongavumelani nemibono yabo.
Akuyona into engavamile ukuthi kuvele ukuthambekela okunamandla kokuguqula abantu.Lo mshisekeli wenkolo uzama njalo ukuthola abalandeli, esebenzisa yonke ingxoxo “ukushumayela.” Lokhu kulimaza ubudlelwano futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nokuntuleka kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu: amakhono okulalela aphansi, uzwela oluncane, ubunzima bokuxoxisana ngaphandle kokuhlasela, kanye nezinkinga zokuxolisa noma zokuyekethisa.
I-Dogmatism, i-Manichaeism, kanye ne-authoritarianism
Uma isakhiwo sengqondo sobushiqela sihlaziywa ngokucophelela, kuvame ukuvela izinsika ezintathu eziyinhloko.I-Dogmatism, i-Manichaeism, kanye nokuthambekela kobushiqela. Lezi zinto ziphindaphindwa ekushisekeleni ngokwenkolo nakwezepolitiki kanye nakwezinye izindawo.
Imfundiso yokungakholelwa ezintweni ezithile ihilela ukukholelwa ochungechungeni lwamaqiniso aphelele. okungadingi sizathu noma ubufakazi. Lokhu akuzona izinkolelo ezinengqondo, kodwa izisho ezingenakuthintwa ezisekelwa "ngoba nje," ngesiko, ngesambulo, noma ngegunya lomholi noma umbhalo. Noma yikuphi ukungabaza kubhekwa njengokuvukela umbuso noma uphawu lobuthakathaka.
UbuManichaeism bunciphisa iqiniso libe yizinhlangothi ezimbili ezingavumelani.Okuhle nokubi, okumsulwa nokukhohlakele, "omunye wethu" kanye "nomunye wezwe." Ukuhlukahluka kwabantu kuhlukaniswa kube yizigaba ezilula neziphikisanayo, okusivimbela ekuqondeni izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, umlando womuntu siqu, noma izimo eziphakathi. Umcabango uba mpofu kakhulu, noma ngabe umuntu ophethe lo mbono uzizwa ephakeme ngokwengqondo.
Ubushiqela buzibonakalisa njengesifiso sokuphoqelela umbono wakho. kwabanye, kungaba semndenini, eqenjini, emphakathini, noma ezingeni lezikhungo. Amathuba okuba nemibono ehlukene ihlale ndawonye ngokulinganayo awanakucatshangwa; ukungavumelani kuyakhathaza, kuyacasula, futhi kubhekwa njengosongo okumele luthuliswe, lujeziswe, noma luxoshwe.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu kukhona ukungabekezeleli okukhulu komehlukoNoma yini ewela ngaphandle kwenqubo evamile—inkolo ehlukile, ukuthambekela kobulili okuhlukile, amasiko ahlukene, imibono ehlukene—ibhekwa ngendelelo, ukwesaba, noma inzondo. Esikhundleni sokubona omunye njengethuba lokufunda okuthile, ukuba semthethweni kwakhe, futhi ezimweni eziningi isithunzi sakhe, siyanqatshwa.
Izazi zefilosofi eziningi ziye zaxwayisa ngokuthi ukushisekela ngokweqile kuvimbela intuthuko yolwaziNgomqondo ovaliwe nongaguquki, intuthuko yengqondo inzima: imibono emisha izolahlwa ngokuphelele, imibuzo engakhululekile izovinjelwa, futhi ubuhlakani buzojeziswa. Lapho kubusa khona ubushiqela, impilo yezenhlalo neyesiko iba mpofu futhi inganyakazi.
Izindawo nezinhlobo zobushiqela
Ubushiqela bungahlukaniswa ngokwenhloso obuqondiswe kuyo.Nakuba isakhiwo sengqondo esiyisisekelo sifana, insimu lapho sichazwa khona iyashintsha kakhulu: ukuba ngumlandeli wenkolo akufani nokuba ngumlandeli webhola, yize kunezici ezifanayo kuzo zombili.
Kanye nokushisekela inkolo ngokweqile, kukhona nokushisekela inkolo ngokweqile.Kulesi simo, ubutha buqondiswe kumakholwa noma ezikhungweni zenkolo, buphika noma yiluphi uhlobo lokholo lwabo futhi bubhekwa njengabakholelwa ezeni, abayingozi, noma abangemuva. Lungenye indlela yokungabekezeleli, yize lumbozwe ngolimi olubonakala lunengqondo.
Ukushisekela kwezepolitiki kuhlelwa ngemibono, amaqembu, noma abaholi. Le mibono ibhekwa njengengangabazeki. Izibalo ezibonisa ubuhlakani zihlonishwa, ukuxhashazwa kuyafaneleka "ngenxa yesizathu," futhi kuthiwa lo msebenzi ngokwawo uwukuphela kwendlela evumelekile. Ukubekwa uphawu kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla akubalulekile kunokungabi nomqondo ovalekile kanye nokungakwazi ukuvuma amaphutha.
Kukhona futhi ukushisekela amasikoLolu hlobo lokushisekela lunamathela ezindinganisweni zendabuko zomphakathi kuze kube seqophelweni lokungavumeli noma yiliphi ithuba lokushintsha noma ithonya langaphandle. Ezinye izindlela zokuphila, amasiko, noma izindlela zokucabanga zibhekwa njengezinsongo okumele ziqedwe. Lolu hlobo lokushisekela lungakhuthaza inkulumo yobandlululo, yokucwasa abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, noma yobuhlanga.
Ukushisekela ezemidlalo kubonakala kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonkeAkukho lutho olungalungile ngokuba nothando ngeqembu, kodwa lapho umbango uphenduka inzondo, ulaka, noma ubudlova phakathi kwabalandeli, sibhekene nokushisekela okukhulu. Kulezo zimo, umphumela womdlalo ubonakala uthethelela ukuthukwa, ukulwa, noma ngisho nezinhlekelele.
Ekugcineni, kukhulunywa ngokushisekela abantu abathile....njengabaculi, abantu abanethonya, abadlali, noma abaholi benkolo. Ukuzinikela kumuntu ohlonishwayo kungaholela ekuziphatheni kahle, ekuphikeni amaphutha akhe, ekuthetheleleni ukuziphatha okulimazayo, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ekwenzeni izenzo ezingathi sína, njengokubulawa kwesithixo ngumlandeli ophambene ofuna udumo noma ukuxhumana okukhohlisayo.
Imvelaphi yomuntu siqu neyomphakathi yobushiqela
Ubushiqela abuveli ngokuzumayo, futhi akulona "ijini" umuntu azalwa nalo.Kuvela ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kobuthakathaka bomuntu siqu kanye nezimo zomphakathi ezisekela izikhundla ezibucayi. Umlando womuntu ngamunye kanye nesimo somlando kunethonya elikhulu.
Abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi bazizwa bengenalutho, bekhungathekile, noma bengazethembi.Ukuzethemba okuphansi, okuhlangenwe nakho kokulahlwa, izinkinga zempilo, noma izinguquko ezisheshayo abangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo kungabaholela ekufuneni isiphephelo emibonweni eqinile namaqembu avaliwe. Imibono eshisekayo inikeza ubuwena, ukuba yingxenye, kanye nencazelo elula yobuhlungu babo.
Ngokwesibonelo, u-Erich Fromm wachaza ubushiqela njengento ebuyela emuva ephuma enkululekweni.Impilo yanamuhla idinga ukwenza izinqumo, ukuthatha imithwalo yemfanelo, nokuphila ngokungaqiniseki, into okungewona wonke umuntu oyibekezelela kahle. Ukunamathela emfundisweni eqinile noma kumholi okwenzela izinqumo kunciphisa ukukhathazeka okuvela ekuzizweni unesizungu futhi usengozini.
Ubusha kanye nentsha kuyizigaba ezibucayi kakhuluPhakathi nale minyaka, abantu bafuna izibonelo, amaqembu okubhekiselwa kuwo, kanye nezimbangela okufanele bazibone ngazo. Labo abazizwa bengabalulekile, behlukanisiwe, noma bedidekile bangabuthwa amaqembu, izinhlangano ezishintshashintshayo, noma amaqembu ashisekayo abanikeza indawo nenjongo, noma ngabe kuyabhubhisa.
Imindeni kanye nendawo yamasiko nakho kudlala indima ebalulekileUkukhulela ezindaweni eziqinile kakhulu, lapho kunezinkulumo ezigcwele inzondo "ngabanye" noma nomlando wokushisekela ngokweqile, kwandisa ingozi yokuphinda kuvele la maphethini. Kwezinye izimo, ukushisekela ngokweqile kufundwa cishe kusukela ekuzalweni, njengendlela "evamile" yokubhekana nezombusazwe noma inkolo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici ze-neuropsychological zingasiza ekuguquleni amandla athile okuthanda izinto ngokweqile.Isibonelo, indima ye-dopamine—i-neurotransmitter ehlotshaniswa nenjabulo nokufunda—iye yafundwa ekuphishekeleni okuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla nokungalindelekile. Imivuzo emikhulu yemizwa (ukunqoba okungalindelekile, isenzo sobuqhawe seqembu, impumelelo yezepolitiki) ingaqinisa izifunda zobuchopho ezikhuthaza ukuphindaphinda lokho okuhlangenwe nakho ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukuphindaphinda kwale "mivuzo" kudala imikhuba yengqondo okunzima ukuyiyeka.Uma njalo lapho isitha sithukwa, kuthathwa isinyathelo esibucayi, noma kutholwa i-epic ehlangene, kwamukelwa imithamo yenjabulo nokuqashelwa, ubuchopho bufunda ukuhlobanisa ubushiqela nomvuzo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulahla lezo zenzo esikhathini esizayo.
Amazinga obunzima nemiphumela kumuntu
Ubushiqela abufiki njalo ezingeni elifanayo lokuqina.Singakucabanga njengokuqhubeka kusukela ezimweni ezithambile, ezikhona kubantu abasebenzayo, kuya ezimweni ezihambisana nokuphambana kwengqondo noma ezixhumene nezakhiwo zobuntu ezingahlelekile kahle.
Emazingeni aphakathi nendawo, ukushisekela ngokweqile kungase kukhawulelwe ekuqineni kwemibono.Izingxabano ezivame ukwenzeka, ubudlelwano obubi phakathi kwabantu, kanye nobunzima bokufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kuvamile. Umuntu uqhubeka nokusebenza okuvamile kwezinye izici zokuphila kwakhe, yize ubudlelwano bakhe bunzima futhi ukukhula kwakhe siqu kuyaphazamiseka.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukukhathala kuba yinto ephoqelelayo futhi ecindezelayo.Ukuphila kuzungeza imbangela; ezinye izintshisekelo ziyashiywa, futhi labo abangabelani ngakho bayanqunywa. Kwezinye izimo, inhlanganisela yobushiqela nezici zokuphazamiseka kobuntu (njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo) ingaholela ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kakhulu kobudlova.
Ukuba yingxenye yamaqembu obushiqela noma amaqembu ashisekayo kuvame ukuholela ohlotsheni "lokuphila okuphindwe kabili"Umuntu uhlukaniswe phakathi kwezwe langaphakathi lenhlangano—nemithetho yayo, amazinga, kanye nolimi—kanye nendawo evamile yomphakathi. Lawa mazwe amabili avame ukungavumelani, okuholela ekungezwani, emangeni, kanye nokuwohloka kancane kancane kokwahlulela okuzimele.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuwena buhlangana kakhulu nembangela kangangokuthi noma yikuphi ukuzama ukugxekwa kuzwakala njengokuhlasela okubulalayo.Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngomuntu oshisekayo ukucela usizo noma ukucabanga ngokushintsha: emehlweni akhe, ukulahla imbangela kungaba njengokuzilahla, kumshiye engenalutho futhi engenamsebenzi. Yingakho imizamo "yokwelapha" ukushiseka ngokweqile idinga isineke, inhlonipho, kanye nezinqubo ezijulile zokuguqula indlela yokucabanga nemizwa yomuntu.
Noma kunjalo, ukuguquguquka kobuchopho kanye nekhono lomuntu lokufunda kuvumela ukuba kube nethemba elithile.Uma kwakheka izimo zengxoxo eziphephile, kuthuthukiswa okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kokuxhumana "nomunye", futhi kwakheka izikhala lapho umuntu ezizwa khona ebaluleke ngaphandle kwesidingo sobushiqela, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ubushiqela futhi kubuyiselwe imibono enempilo nevulekile.
Ubushiqela buyingxube enkulu yokungazethembi, isidingo sokuzizwa uyingxenye yeqembu, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kanye nezimo ezibangela ukwahlukana.Ukuqonda izindlela zayo, ukuqaphela izimpawu zayo, kanye nokuhlakulela imfundo ebucayi, ukubekezelelana, kanye nozwela kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkanuko yomuntu ayibi amandla abhubhisayo, kodwa ibe amandla okukhonza inkululeko kanye nokuhlala ndawonye okunobulungiswa.