La Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa Kungaphezu nje kokuzwa kancane ngokucacile: kuthinta indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nabanye, ukuphepha kwethu kwansuku zonke, kanye nenhlalakahle yethu engokomzwelo. Abantu abaningi bayakubona kancane kancane, kuyilapho abanye bekubona ngokuzumayo, kodwa kuzo zonke izimo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu, yiziphi izimpawu ezikuvezayo, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.
Nakuba ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nabantu abadala kuphela, Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala.Kusukela esikhathini sokubeletha kuya ekugugeni. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi inani elikhulu lamacala lingavinjelwa noma lincishiswe ijubane, nokuthi namuhla sinezinsiza zokuzwa, izimila, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvuselela ezithuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila lapho ukungenelela kwenzeka kusenesikhathi.
Kuyini ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa futhi indlebe isebenza kanjani?
Uma sikhuluma ngokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, sibhekisela ku- ikhono elinciphile lokuzwa imisindo maqondana nalokho okubhekwa njengokuzwa okuvamile (umkhawulo ongcono wama-20 dB). Lokhu kulahlekelwa kungaba okuncane, okuphakathi, okukhulu noma okujulile, futhi kuthinte indlebe eyodwa noma zombili, ngomehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwabantu.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kuyasiza ukubukeza, ngisho kafushane, ukuthi indlebe isebenza kanjani. Indlebe ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: indlebe yangaphandle, ephakathi nengaphakathiUmsindo ungena ngendlebe engaphandle, udlule emgudwini wendlebe, futhi wenze i-eardrum inyakaze. Lokhu kunyakaza kudluliselwa ngamathambo amathathu amancane endlebeni ephakathi kuya ku-cochlea endlebeni engaphakathi.
I-cochlea iyisakhiwo esimise okwesikhwehle esigcwele uketshezi, esimbozwe izinkulungwane ze- amaseli ezinwele athambile kakhuluLawa maseli aguqula ukudlidliza komshini kube yimizwa kagesi ehamba ngemithambo yokuzwa iye ebuchosheni, lapho ihunyushwa khona njengemisindo esingayiqonda.
Uma ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kuphazamiseka kunoma yisiphi salezi zinyathelo (ngokuvaleka, ukulimala, ukuvuvukala, noma ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa), kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye namazingaNgezinye izikhathi imbangela ingalungiswa (isibonelo, ipulaki ye-wax) kanti ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo uhlala unomphela.
Izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Kuye ngendawo ethintekile yendlebe, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezihlukaniswayo ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma i-hypoacusisokunquma izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.
La Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural Kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana ezinwele ze-cochlea noma inzwa yokuzwa ngokwayo yonakele. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile, futhi ngokuvamile alukwazi ukuhlehliswa. Ukuguga, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni emikhulu, imithi ethile, kanye nezifo ezifana ne-meningitis kuphakathi kwezimbangela zayo eziyinhloko.
Ku ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokuphefumulaInkinga isendlebeni yangaphandle noma ephakathi: umsindo awufinyeleli kahle endlebeni yangaphakathi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa (i-earwax, izidumbu zangaphandle), izifo, uketshezi endlebeni ephakathi, ukubhoboka kwendlebe, noma ukushintsha kwamathambo amancane adlulisa ukudlidliza.
Sixoxa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile Uma zombili izindlela zihlanganiswa, kuba nengxenye yezinzwa (indlebe/inzwa yangaphakathi) kanye nengxenye eqhubayo (indlebe yangaphandle noma ephakathi). Kuvamile ukuthi umuntu omdala onomonakalo we-cochlear aqoqe i-earwax noma abe nezifo eziphindaphindwayo.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba uhlangothi olulodwa noma uhlangothi olulodwa (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthinta indlebe eyodwa noma zombili), ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane, futhi kusukela kokuncane kuya kokujulile. Inhlanganisela ngayinye ibangela izidingo ezahlukene maqondana nosizo kanye nokuvuselelwa.
Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingaba sobala kakhulu noma zingaqashelwa ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi uma ukulahlekelwa kuhamba kancane. Uphawu olujwayelekile ukubona ukuzwa ukuthi amazwi nomsindo kuzwakala kungacacile noma kude, njengokungathi kuzwakala ngemuva kodonga.
Abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi bakuthola kunzima kakhulu qonda inkulumo uma kunomsindo wangemuvaEzitolo zokudlela, emibuthanweni yomndeni, emicimbini yomphakathi, noma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Akukhona ukuthi umsindo awufiki kithi, kodwa kunalokho ubuchopho bunobunzima obukhulu bokuhlukanisa izwi eliyinhloko kweminye imisindo.
Abantu abanenkinga yokuzwa bavame ukuba nenkinga ukuqonda imisindo ephezulu kanye nongwaqa abathile, njengokuthi “s”, “f”, “sh” noma “th”. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngabo ukuqonda amagama, ikakhulukazi lawo abesifazane nezingane, futhi kubangela ukuthi imisho ifinyelele kuwo ingaphelele noma ihlanekezelwe.
Esinye isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu yi- kudingeka ukhuphule ivolumu ku-TV, umsakazo noma ifoni ephathekayo emazingeni acasulayo kubo bonke abanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bavame ukucela abanye ukuba baphinde lokho abakushilo, bakhulume kancane, noma baphimisele kangcono.
Ezimweni eziningi ziyavela futhi ukubhonga, ukukhala, noma imisindo ezindlebeni Ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-tinnitus. Kungaba okuqhubekayo noma okungahleliwe, okunamandla kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokuzwa kwakho.
Ezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi umuzwa we- indlebe egcwele noma evalekileUbunzima bokuthola ukuthi umsindo uvelaphi, ukukhathala kokuzwa (ukukhathala ngenxa yokwenza umzamo oqhubekayo wokuqonda) futhi, kwezinye izimo, isiyezi noma i-vertigo uma uhlelo lokulinganisela nalo luhilelekile.
Uzobona nini udokotela ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Kunezimo lapho ukulinda kungafaneleki khona. Uma ubona ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuzumayo endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili Uma kuvela emahoreni ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi kufanele uthintane ngokushesha, okungcono kakhulu nochwepheshe we-ENT.
Kunconywa futhi ukuthi wenze i-aphoyintimenti uma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma ngabe kwenzeka kancane kancane, Kuqala ukwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe nzima.Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubunzima ngemva kwezingxoxo, imizwa yokuzihlukanisa, isidingo sokuphakamisa ivolumu phezulu kakhulu, noma ukwanda kwe-tinnitus. Uma kuhlolwa ngokushesha, kulapho kunezinketho eziningi zokwelapha izimbangela eziguqukayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezinsiza zokuzwa.
Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa impilo yonke
Izizathu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ziyahlukahluka futhi ziyashintsha kuye ngesigaba sokuphila. Ezinye zikhona kusukela ngaphambi kokuzalwa, kanti ezinye ziyanqwabelana eminyakeni edlule. Iphesenti elikhulu lingavinjelwa nge izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisetshenziswe kahle ngesikhathi esifanele.
Izimbangela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, okuthile ukuguqulwa kofuzo Zingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuzuzwe njengefa noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezintsha, kanye nezimo ezisukela ekulahlekelweni ukuzwa okuncane kuya ekubeni yisithulu okukhulu. Izifo ezitholwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njenge-rubella noma i-cytomegalovirus, nazo zingadlala indima, zithinte ukukhula kwendlebe yangaphakathi yengane.
Izimbangela esikhathini sokubeletha
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zingalimaza izakhiwo zokuzwa. Lezi zifaka: ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (i-perinatal asphyxia)I-jaundice enzima enamazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin (i-hyperbilirubinemia) noma isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kakhulu nayo ingaba nendima. Ezinye izinkinga zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nokwelashwa okuhambisana nazo kungaba yizinto ezibangela lokhu.
Izimbangela ebuntwaneni nasebusheni
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, okulandelayo kuvamile: izifo zendlebe ephakathiEzinye zalezi zifo ziba yizifo ezingamahlalakhona futhi zishiye uketshezi noma ukuphuma kwamanzi okuhlala njalo (i-chronic otitis media). Uma zingelashwa kahle, zingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okukhulu kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma ezinganeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziholele ezinkingeni. i-vertigo ezinganeni.
Zingavela nasebuntwaneni. i-meningitis noma ezinye izifo ezinkulu ezilimaza i-cochlea noma inzwa yokuzwa. Yingakho ukugoma njalo ngamagciwane athile kunciphisa kokubili ukufa kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa isikhathi eside.
Izimbangela zokuguga nokuguga
Kwabantu abadala, izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma izifo ezizimele Zingaba nomthelela ekuwohlokeni okuqhubekayo kwendlebe yangaphakathi. Ukubhema kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka kanye nomonakalo we-cochlear.
Izifo ezithile ezifana nalezi i-otosclerosis (ukukhula kwamathambo okungavamile endlebeni ephakathi), isifo sikaMénière, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungazelelwe kwemizwa kubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu okungalawulwa ngokwengxenye ngokuhlinzwa, imithi, noma izinsiza zokuzwa.
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-presbycusis, okungukuthi, i- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhlobene nobudalaLesi ngesinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu. Eminyakeni edlule, amangqamuzana ezinwele ze-cochlea kanye nezindlela zemizwa ziyawohloka ngokwemvelo, okwenza kube nzima ukuzwa, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqonda inkulumo ezindaweni ezinomsindo.
Izinto ezikhona kuyo yonke impilo
Kungavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala. ipulaki ye-earwax evimba umsele wendlebe Le wax yendlebe ingabangela umuzwa wokugcwala endlebeni kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nomgudu wokuphefumula. Ukususwa nguchwepheshe kuvame ukubuyisela izinga lokuzwa langaphambilini ngaphandle kwemiphumela eyengeziwe.
I-Los ukushaywa ekhanda noma ukulimala okuqondile endlebeni Zingalimaza i-eardrum, ama-ossicles endlebe ephakathi noma endlebeni yangaphakathi, okubangela noma yini kusukela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okuphakathi kuya ekubeni yisithulu okukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi okuhambisana ne-vertigo enamandla.
Ukuchayeka kokuthi imisindo noma imisindo ephezulu Kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu ezingavinjelwa. Ukusebenza iminyaka eminingi ezindaweni ezinomsindo kakhulu (ezokwakha, embonini, ezolimo, ezindaweni zokusebenzela…), ukusebenzisa imishini enamandla, noma ukulalela umculo ophakeme kakhulu ngama-headphone noma emakhonsathini kulimaza kancane kancane amangqamuzana ezinwele.
Eminye imithi iyacatshangelwa i-ototoxicNgamanye amazwi, zingalimaza indlebe yangaphakathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-antibiotic athile (njenge-gentamicin), eminye imithi yamakhemikhali, imithi yokukhipha isisu enamandla, kanye nemithamo ephezulu kakhulu neyesikhathi eside yama-salicylates. Amakhemikhali athile asetshenziswa emsebenzini nawo angaba yingozi.
I-Las ukuntuleka okukhulu kokudla okunempiloUkutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane kanye nezinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwezakhi zofuzo okufika sekwephuzile kugcwalisa uhlu lwezinto ezisebenza impilo yonke, ezivame ukwenezelana.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, i-vertigo, kanye noketshezi lwendlebe yangaphakathi
Indlebe yangaphakathi ayigcini nje ngokuba nomthwalo wokuzwa, kodwa futhi igcina uhlelo lwe-vestibular, olunesibopho sokulinganiselaNgakho-ke, izifo eziningi ezithinta ukuzwa zingadala nomuzwa wokujikeleza, isiyezi, noma ukungazinzi, okwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ezifweni ezifana nalezi: Isifo sika-Ménière noma i-labyrinthitisI-labyrinth ye-membrane kanye noketshezi oluyigcwalisayo—i-endolymph kanye ne-perilymph—kuyashintshwa. Lokhu ketshezi kumele kugcinwe ngokulinganisela okuhle kakhulu komthamo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ukuze amangqamuzana ezinzwa asebenze kahle.
Uma ingcindezi ye-endolymph ikhuphuka kakhulu noma ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi luqhuma futhi zombili izinhlayiya zihlangana, ukulahlekelwa okungazelelwe komsebenzi wokuzwa kanye nomsebenzi we-vestibularUmphumela uba izinkinga ezihambisana nesiyezi esikhulu esijikelezayo, isicanucanu, ukungazinzi, kanye nokwehla kokuzwa ngokuzumayo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba ungavala indawo yokuqhekeka futhi lungisa ingcindezi kanye nokwakheka kwe-endolymph kanye ne-perilymphLokhu kuvumela amanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuthi aphinde asebenze. Noma kunjalo, izinga elithile lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa livame ukuhlala, kanye nokuthambekela kwezinye izigameko uma isifo esiyisisekelo singalawulwa.
Kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka Lezi zimpawu zingadala ukungezwani komzimba kanye ne-tinnitus, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokwako kunomthelela emizweni yokungazinzi. Konke lokhu kuholela iziguli eziningi ekufuneni iseluleko sezokwelapha. isiyezi kanye nokungezwa njengenkinga ehlangene.
Izici zengozi kanye namazinga omsindo ayingozi
Akuwona wonke umuntu obhekene nezimo ezifanayo obhekana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kunezici ezikhulisa ngokusobala ingozi. ukuguga Ngenye yazo: lapho sikhula, kulapho indlebe yangaphakathi iba sengozini enkulu yokulimala komunye umonakalo.
La ukuchayeka emisindweni emikhulu Ukuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe noma isikhathi eside kungenye insika eyisisekelo. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi amazinga omsindo angaphezu kuka-70 dB aqala ukuba yingozi uma eqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; uma izinga liphezulu, kuthatha imizuzu noma amahora ambalwa ukudala umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa.
Njengesiqondiso, ukuhleba kucishe kube ngu-30 dBIsiqandisi esisebenza ngefriji sikhiqiza cishe ama-dB angu-40 kanye nengxoxo evamile cishe ama-dB angu-60, amazinga abhekwa njengaphephile. Kodwa-ke, ithrafikhi eningi Indawo yokudlela yesikole sonke ingafinyelela amazinga acishe abe ngu-75-85 dB, futhi ngaleso sikhathi kubalulekile ukuqapha isikhathi sokuvezwa.
Isithuthuthu sibekwe eduze 95 dB, imoto yeqhwa ecishe ibe yi-100 dB I-chainsaw noma ikhonsathi ye-rock ingafinyelela ku-110 dB noma ngaphezulu. Ama-firecracker kanye nokudubula kwezibhamu kudlula kalula i-140 dB, okungabangela umonakalo osheshayo nohlala njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Emsebenzini, imithetho iyala izikhathi zokuchayeka eziphezulu zansuku zonke Ngaphandle kokuvikela: isibonelo, amahora angu-8 ku-90 dB, amahora angu-4 ku-95 dB, amahora ama-2 ku-100 dB, noma imizuzu engu-15 kuphela ku-115 dB. Ukudlula le mingcele ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela kwandisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa umsindo.
La Amagugu ezofuzo Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokulimala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kumaseli e-cochlea ngenxa yokuguga noma umsindo. Ukubhema, izifo ezithile zesistimu, kanye neminye imithi kugcwalisa uhlu lwezinto eziyingozi ezingashintshwa nezingenakushintshwa.
Imiphumela yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungelashwa
Ukuhlehlisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kunomthelela ezindaweni eziningi. Okokuqala, kuholela izinkinga zokuxhumanaKunzima ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni, ukulandela imihlangano, noma ukukhuluma ocingweni, okungaholela ekungezwani kahle kanye nezingxabano ezivame ukwenzeka.
Ezingeni lokuqonda, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungelashwanga kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka okuqhubekayo Inkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye neminye imisebenzi yengqondo kuyathinteka kubantu abadala. Ubuchopho bunikela ngezinsiza eziningi kakhulu ekuqondeni imisindo engaphelele kangangokuthi iphela ngokushesha (ukukhathala kokuzwa) futhi ishiye isikhala esincane sezinye izinqubo.
Ezingeni lezenhlalo nelomzwelo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyasiza ukuzihlukanisa, isizungu, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokucindezelekaAbantu abaningi baqala ukugwema izimo lapho bekuthola kunzima ukulandela izingxoxo, okwenza buthaka inethiwekhi yabo yokusekela futhi kancane kancane kuphazamise imizwa yabo.
Kukhona futhi ukwanda okucacile kwe- ingozi yokuwa nezingoziUkungezwa imoto, i-alamu, insimbi yomnyango, noma othile oxwayisa ngengozi kunciphisa isikhathi sokusabela. Ezindaweni zomsebenzi nasemigwaqweni yomphakathi, lokhu kunomthelela oqondile ekuphepheni.
Ngokombono wezenhlalo nowezomnotho, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungelashwa kuhlobene nokuningi iminyaka ephila nokukhubazeka, ukufinyelela okuncane emfundweni nasemsebenzini kanye nezindleko ezinkulu ezinhlelweni zezempilo kanye nemindeni, ngezigidigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka emhlabeni jikelele ezindlekweni eziqondile nezingaqondile.
Kuhlonzwa kanjani ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa?
Ukuxilongwa kuqala njalo ngesifo esihle umlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimbaUchwepheshe ubuza ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwaqala nini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusendlebeni eyodwa noma zombili, ukuthi kube khona yini izifo, umsindo omkhulu, ukushaywa, izifo zangaphambilini noma umlando womndeni, nokuthi yimiphi imithi ethathwayo.
Bese kuba ukubonwa komsele wendlebe kanye ne-eardrum I-otoscope, okuwuhlobo lokukhanya okukhulisayo, isetshenziswa ukuhlola indlebe. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukubona ukwakheka kwe-earwax, ukuvuvukala, ukubhoboka, uketshezi, noma ukukhubazeka. Ngezinye izikhathi amafoloko okulungisa asetshenziselwa izivivinyo ezilula ezingabonisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokuphefumula noma ukuzwa.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ngokuvamile ibhethri ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometric endaweni ethule, eyenziwa udokotela we-audiologist. I-audiometry yethoni emsulwa ihlola ukuthi umuntu uqala ukuzwa amaza amangaki nokuthi unamandla amangaki, ngaleyo ndlela idale "i-audiogram" ethile yesiguli ngasinye.
La i-audiometry yenkulumo Ihlola ikhono lokuqonda amagama ngamanani ahlukene. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi kukhona yini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuzwa umsindo nokuwuqonda, into ejwayelekile ku-presbycusis kanye nokunye ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural.
Ezinye izivivinyo eziwusizo zifaka phakathi ukuqhutshwa kwethambo (okusiza ukuhlukanisa izingxenye eziqhubayo kanye nezezinzwa zemizwa), i-tympanometry kanye nokutadisha i-acoustic reflexes ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwendlebe ephakathi, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-otoacoustic, okulinganisa impendulo yamaseli ezinwele anempilo.
Ezimweni ezikhethiwe, okulandelayo kuyacelwa: ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njengokuthwebula izithombe nge-magnetic resonance noma i-computed tomography ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe indlebe yangaphakathi, inzwa yokuzwa kanye nezakhiwo eziseduze, ukuqeda izimila, i-otosclerosis, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma ezinye izimbangela zesakhiwo.
Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Isu lokwelapha lincike ekutheni imbangela iyalungiseka yini, uhlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kanye nomthelela walo ekusebenzeni. Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha. izixazululo zezokwelapha, zokuhlinzwa kanye nezobuchwepheshe ukuthola umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Uma ukulahlekelwa kuholela ekuqhubekeni komnotho futhi, isibonelo, kufanele ukunqwabelana kwe-earwax noma ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathiUkususa ukuvaleka noma ukwelapha ukutheleleka kuvame ukwanele ukubuyisela ingxenye enkulu yokuzwa. Kwezinye izinkinga zendlebe ephakathi, njengezinhlobo ezithile ze-otosclerosis noma ukubhoboka kwe-tympanic membrane, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
Ekulahlekelweni unomphela, isisekelo sokwelashwa siqukethe izinsiza zokuzwa noma izitho zokuzwaLawa madivayisi athwebula umsindo ngemakrofoni, awucubungule ngogesi, futhi awukhulise ngokwephrofayili yokuzwa yomsebenzisi. Afika ngezindlela eziningi (endlebeni, ngemuva kwendlebe, angashajwa kabusha, axhunywe kumaselula, njll.) ukuze avumelane nezindlela zokuphila ezahlukene.
Kubantu abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okukhulu noma okujulile kwezinzwa abangazuzi ngokwanele ngezinsiza zokuzwa, ukufakwa kwe-cochlear Ziyindlela ebalulekile. Lolu uhlelo olufakwe ngokuhlinzwa endlebeni yangaphakathi oluvuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa ngokusebenzisa ama-electrical impulses, ludlule amaseli ezinwele alimele.
Ngaphezu kwalawa madivayisi, kukhona izinsiza zobuchwepheshe ezihambisanayo njengezinhlelo ze-FM, izihibe zikagesi, amadivayisi okuxwayisa akhanyayo noma adlidlizayo ezinsimbi zomnyango nama-alamu, kanye nabahumushi bolimi lwezandla ababhala phansi amagama noma abahumushi, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela umsindo nokuxhumana.
La ukuvuselelwa kokuzwa Kungenye insika eyisisekelo. Kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kokusebenzisa kahle ukuzwa okutholakalayo, amasu okufunda izindebe, amasu okuxhumana ezindaweni ezinomsindo, kanye, uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma ukuthuthukisa inkulumo nolimi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokuzwa zisencane.
Kwezinye izimo ezithile ziyasetshenziswa imithi (isibonelo, ama-corticosteroids ekulahlekelweni okuthile okungazelelwe, imithi yesifo sikaMénière noma yezinqubo zokuzivikela komzimba) ngenhloso yokunciphisa umonakalo noma ukuqeda izimpawu ezihlobene nazo njenge-vertigo noma i-tinnitus.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikeleka kokuzwa
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ingavinjelwa noma ibambezeleke ngokulandela iziqondiso ezithile. izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezinengqondo kukho konke ukuphila komuntu. Kulula kakhulu ukuvikela ukuzwa kunokuzama ukuthola lokho okulahlekile.
Ebuntwaneni, isihluthulelo sisekukhuleni ukugoma kanye nokunakekelwa okuhle komama nezingane: lawula ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uxazulule kahle izinkinga zangaphambi kokubeletha, futhi welaphe i-otitis ezinganeni zisencane ukuze uyivimbele ekubeni yinkinga engapheli noma ehlala njalo.
Ezingeni labantu, ziwusizo kakhulu imikhankaso yokulalela ephephile Lezi zixwayiso ziqokomisa izingozi zomsindo omkhulu kuma-headphone, kuma-nightclub, kumakhonsathi, nasemicimbini yezemidlalo. Ukuhlonipha imikhawulo yesikhathi ezindaweni ezinomsindo nokuvula izindlebe zakho kuwukutshala imali empilweni yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
Emsebenzini, izinkampani kumele zisebenzise izinhlelo zokuvikela ukuzwa Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngama-earplug noma ama-earmuff, ukulinganisa amazinga omsindo, ukushintshanisa imisebenzi, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo zokuzwa njalo ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi kumele futhi kuqashwe.
Emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kwemithi ye-ototoxicukulungisa imithamo, ukuqapha ukuzwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa isikhathi eside, nokukhetha ezinye izindlela uma kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebevele besengozini.
Kuyelulekwa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye akwenze lokho. Ungafaki izinto emgudwini wendlebe (izindwangu zikakotini, amapeni, izikhonkwane zezinwele…), gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, gwema ugwayi, qapha umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga kashukela egazini, futhi uhlolwe njalo uma ungoweqembu elisengozini noma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuzweni kwakho.
I-Tinnitus: umsindo oxwayisayo
I-tinnitus, noma ukukhala ezindlebeni, kuwukuzwa kwemizwa ukubhonga, ukushaya ikhwela, ukushaya ikhwela, ukubhonga, noma ukuklewula endlebeni ngaphandle komthombo womsindo wangaphandle. Kuthinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-15 no-20% futhi kuvame ukuba ngesinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala zokulimala kokuzwa.
Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuchayeka emsindweni omkhulu ezilimaza amangqamuzana ezinwele endlebeni yangaphakathi. Lapho lawa maseli elahlekile noma engasebenzi kahle, izimpawu ezifika ebuchosheni ziyashintshwa, bese ubuchopho "bugcwalisa izikhala," budale umuzwa womsindo oqhubekayo.
Nakuba kungenakuqedwa ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi, kukhona amasu okunciphisa umthelela wawoKunconywa ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngokujwayela, ama-sound generator, amasu okuphumula, kanye nokufaka izinsiza zokuzwa ezifanele kulabo abanenkinga yokuzwa ehambisana nakho. Ukufuna ukubonisana ngesikhathi esifanele kusiza ekususeni izimbangela ezingelapheka futhi kuvumela abantu ukuthi bafunde ukuphila nalesi sifo ngokungakhululeki kakhulu.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esinezimbangela nemiphumela eminingi, kodwa futhi namathuba amaningi okuvimbela, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa, kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi, ucele usizo kusenesikhathi futhi unakekele umqondo oyisisekelo njengokuzwa kuyo yonke impilo yakho.
