UKrampus yilowo mfanekiso othusayo ovela emasikweni aseCentral Europe njalo ngoDisemba ukuze asikhumbuze ukuthi akuwona wonke umfanekiso kaKhisimusi onomusa noma onokuthula. Lo mlingiswa, ovame ukuboniswa njengesidalwa esinodemoni esinezimpondo nolimi olude, uthole udumo ngendima yakhe njengophambene noSanta Nicholas, ejezisa izingane ezihluphayo esikhundleni sokuvuza abalungile.
Izinganekwane ezizungeze uKrampus ziyathakazelisa hhayi nje ngokuhlanganiswa kwayo kobuqaba nobuKristu, kodwa futhi namasiko nezinkolelo zenhlalo ezisaphila ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseYurophu. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi uKrampus uvelaphi, ukuthi umelelani, ukuthi isithunzi sakhe siguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi-ke, uma kukhona indlela yokumxosha uma ungahlangana nalesi sivakashi sikaKhisimusi esimnyama.
Umsuka nenganekwane ye-Krampus
Inganekwane kaKrampus isukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu futhi ihlotshaniswa nemikhosi yasendulo yobuqaba ehlotshaniswa nobusika ezindaweni zase-Alps njenge- Austria, iBavaria, iSwitzerland, neSlovenia. Nakuba igama lakhe livela egameni lesiJalimane elithi "krampen," elisho "uzipho," incazelo yakhe yomzimba iye yakhiwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ekuqaleni, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uKrampus wayeyindodana kankulunkulukazi wamaNorse uHel, umbusi wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba , yize kungekho mibhalo yasendulo yamaNorse esekela lesi simangalo. Kodwa-ke, izici zobudemoni zokubonakala kwakhe—izimpondo, ulimi olude, izinwele, nezinselo— zifanelana ngokuphelele nezithombe zobuKristu zikaDeveli phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi.
UKrampus ubonakala kakhulu ngobusuku bangoDisemba 5, obaziwa ngokuthi uKrampusnacht , lapho kuthiwa uhamba noSanta Nicholas. Nakuba uSanta evuza izingane eziziphathe kahle, uKrampus unesibopho sokujezisa labo abake baba nonya. Ngokwesiko elihlukahlukene, uhlobo lwesijeziso lungahluka kulo lonke elaseYurophu, njengoba kushiwo kumongo wamasiko kaKhisimusi emazweni ahlukene.
Ukuvela kwesibalo sikaKrampus
Naphezu kwemizamo eqhubekayo yeSonto LamaKatolika kanye nohulumeni abalondolozayo yokususa lesi sibalo , uKrampus ulokhu eqhubeka emcabangweni wobumbano. Phakathi nekhulu le-12, kwase kunemizamo yokuqeda lolu hlobo lwemikhosi ngenxa yokufana kwayo okusobala nezithombe zobudemoni.
Kamuva, ngesikhathi sombuso we-Third Reich kanye ne-Patriotic Front e-Austria, imikhosi ehlobene neKrampus nayo yavinjelwa . Kodwa-ke, akukho nokukodwa kwalokhu okwakwazi ukuyiqeda ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, ngekhulu le-19, yaqala ukuphinda ithandwe, yanda kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi yashintsha isuka esikweni lendawo yaya ekugubheni okubanzi.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amakhadi kaKhisimusi abonisa uKrampus aqala ukukhiqizwa , amanye enobuhle obubi obubonisa idemoni lifaka izingane ebhasikidini lalo. Lokhu kugxila ekugqamiseni ukuziphatha okufana nokwengane kungahlobene...
Esinye sezizathu ezenza uKrampus asinde kungenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ongokomfanekiso : ukumela uhlangothi olumnyama lukaKhisimusi nokusebenza njengento ephikisana nobuhle bukaSanta Nicholas. Emasikweni amaningi, lokhu kulinganisela phakathi kokuhle nokubi kwakunencazelo enkulu yokufundisa kanye nokuqondiswa.
I-Krampuslauf: Umgubho Wesimanje
Umkhosi owuphawu oluvelele kakhulu ohlobene neKrampus yiKrampuslauf, noma "iKrampus Parade ." Kulolu hlobo lomkhosi wasebusika, amaqembu ezinsizwa ezigqoke izingubo zoboya, izifihla-buso zokhuni, nezimpondo azulazula emigwaqweni, eshaya amagatsha phansi futhi ethuse izingane kanye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo.
Lo mcimbi uthole ukuthandwa okukhulu e-Austria, eJalimane, eHungary, eSlovenia, naseCzech Republic . Kulezi zingqungquthela, amaKrampuse—njengoba aziwa kanjalo—azulazula emadolobheni wonke, esabisa abantu, exosha labo abacashayo, futhi ecabanga ngokuba khona kwawo ngokungezwani phakathi kokuhleleka nesiphithiphithi, okuhle nokubi.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abaningi balaba bahlanganyeli bathi lesi siko sineminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane ubudala , futhi sibhekisela emsuka waso wamaCeltic noma wamaJalimane, yize imibhalo emidala kakhulu isukela ku-1582 kuphela. Le ngxube yezici zamasiko kanye nezinkathi inikeza iKrampuslauf inani elingokomfanekiso ku
Ukusabalala kweKrampuslauf kwanamuhla nakho kube impendulo ngokumelene nokuzwelana ngokweqile kanye nokuthengiswa kukaKhisimusi . Kwabaningi abasha, sekuwuhlobo lokuvukela kwamasiko noma ngisho nokuvukela umbuso, kuphonsela inselelo ubuhle bendabuko bukaKhisimusi futhi kwamukele ukwesaba njengendlela yokuthula.
Ubudlelwano nezinye izibalo zikaKhisimusi ezimnyama
UKrampus akayena yedwa umuntu omnyama ohlotshaniswa nemikhosi kaKhisimusi . Ezindaweni ezifana neJalimane neNetherlands, kunezinhlamvu ezifana noKnecht Ruprecht noma uZwarte Piet, nabo abaziphatha njengomlingani oqondisa uSaint Nicholas. Ngaphakathi komongo walaba balingiswa, umuntu angabona ukufana nokwehluka okucebisa indaba.
ESwitzerland, inguqulo ethambile kaKrampus ebizwa ngokuthi uSchmutzli ivela nomshanelo, onqunyelwe ekuxosheni izingane ngaphandle kokubahudulela esihogweni . Ezindaweni zase-Alps, lesi sithombe sixhumene noPerchta, unkulunkulu wasebusika wamaCeltic owayeqapha imihlambi futhi exosha imimoya emibi.
Isici esivamile salezi zibalo ukuthi zonke zimelela "isithunzi" sesenzo sokupha , okungukuthi, isijeziso sokuziphatha ngokungalandeli izimiso zomphakathi.
Ungamethusa kanjani u-Krampus?
Ayikho indlela yomlingo yokususa uKrampus, kodwa amanye amasiko abantu aphakamise izindlela ezixakile zokugwema ukuvakasha kwakhe . Enye yazo, vele, ukuziphatha kahle . Nakuba kuzwakala sengathi yinto ephindaphindwayo, isisekelo sale nganekwane sisekelwe ekuziphatheni kwezingane unyaka wonke.
Amanye amasiko akhomba ukusetshenziswa kweziphambano zenkolo , njengeziphambano noma amanzi angcwele, ukuvikela indlu. Kuthiwa futhi ukukhanya nokufudumala kwekhaya kungenza uKrampus agweme izindlu ezikhanya kakhulu , akhethe lezo ezikhanya kancane noma ezishiywe dengwane. Ngale ndlela, ibhalansi phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama iba yisihloko esiyinhloko esibonakala [embhalweni/esibhekiselweni].
Emadolobheni amaningi, amagatsha e-birch ayevame ukufakwa emafasiteleni noma eminyango , hhayi nje njengesixwayiso kubantwana, kodwa futhi njengendlela yokuthulisa udeveli. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uma ethola ithuluzi lakhe lokujezisa litholakala kalula, angaqhubeka nohambo lwakhe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungena.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhambisana nombukiso weKrampuslauf nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kuwo kubhekwa njengendlela yomkhuba yokukhipha amandla awo . Ngokumema umuntu emphakathini, ulaka lwakhe luvunyelwa ngokomfanekiso ukuba luphele.
Ubukhulu obungokomfanekiso namasiko
Kwabaningi bezazi, uKrampus akalutho ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kokufundisa kwasendulo , okuphawulwa ukwesaba isijeziso njengendlela yokufundisa ukuziphatha. Kulesi simo, uKrampus akasabi yidemoni futhi uba yisibonakaliso esihlangene sokungazi komphakathi.
Izazi-mlando ezifana no-Eric Hobsbawm zikubeka esigabeni "sesiko elisunguliwe ," okungukuthi, isiko eladalwa ngesikhathi esithile somlando ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi ongokomfanekiso noma wezenhlalo. Kulesi simo, kugcizelela isiyalo nokuziphatha okufanele emndenini. Lolu cwaningo lwamasiko luhlobene ngqo...
Muva nje, leli siko liphinde lasetshenziswa yilabo abafuna ukuhlukana nomfanekiso kaKhisimusi ongcwele . I-Krampus yamukelwe amasiko asemadolobheni, izinhlangano zama-punk, ngisho nezinkampani zokumaketha ezihlukile njengophawu lokungahloniphi nokuba yiqiniso.
Ekugcineni, uKrampus umele olunye uhlangothi lwemali kaKhisimusi : ukwesaba, isijeziso, ubumnyama… kodwa futhi nokwethembeka ngokomzwelo kanye nesikhumbuzo sokuthi akuwona wonke amaholide okumele abe aphelele.
Ngokungenakugwenywa, uKrampus uvela njalo ngoDisemba ukuze asishukumise ekujabuleni kukaKhisimusi . Ephethe izimpondo, amaketanga, namagatsha e-birch, uyaqhubeka ehamba phakathi kwethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu ongokoqobo emigwaqweni noma njengophawu lwamasiko oluphikisana nemikhuba ebekiwe.
