I-Krampus ileso sibalo esipholile esiphuma emasikweni e-Central Europe njalo ngo-December ukuze sisikhumbuze ukuthi akubona bonke abantu bakaKhisimusi abanomusa noma abanokuthula. Lo mlingiswa, ovame ukuvezwa njengesidalwa samademoni esinezimpondo nolimi olude, usezuze idumela ngeqhaza lakhe eliphambene noSaint Nicholas, ejezisa izingane ezimbi esikhundleni sokuvuza abahle.
Izinganekwane ezizungezile i-Krampus azigcini nje ngokuthakazelisa ngayo inhlanganisela yawo yobuqaba nobuKristu, kodwa nangamasiko nezinkolelo zenhlalonhlekazi ezisekhona ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseYurophu. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi uKrampus uvelaphi, ukuthi umeleni, ukuthi isibalo sakhe savela kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi, kunjalo, uma ikhona indlela yokumethusa uma kwenzeka uhlangabezana nalesi sivakashi sikaKhisimusi esimnyama.
Umsuka nenganekwane ye-Krampus
Inganekwane kaKrampus ihlehlela emuva ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu futhi ihlotshaniswa nemikhuba yasendulo yobuqaba. okuhlotshaniswa nobusika ezifundeni ze-alpine njengoba E-Austria, eBavaria, eSwitzerland naseSlovenia. Nakuba igama layo livela egameni lesiJalimane elithi “krampen,” elisho “uzipho,” incazelo yalo ebonakalayo iye yavela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uKrampus wayeyindodana kankulunkulukazi wamaNorse uHel, umbusi wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba., nakuba ingekho imibhalo ye-Old Norse yokusekela lesi simangalo. Nokho, izici zobudemoni zokubukeka kwakhe—izimpondo, ulimi olude, izinwele, nezinselo— Zihambisana ngokugcwele nezithombe zobuKristu zikaDeveli phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi.
I-Krampus ibonakala kakhulu ngobusuku bukaDisemba 5, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Krampusnacht, lapho kuthiwa uhamba noSaint Nicholas. Nakuba usanta eklomelisa izingane eziziphathe kahle, uKrampus uphethe ukujezisa labo abagangile. Ngokusho kwamasiko ahlukahlukene, uhlobo lwesijeziso lungahluka kulo lonke elaseYurophu, njengoba kushiwo kumongo we Amasiko kaKhisimusi avela emazweni ahlukene.
Ukuvela kwesibalo sikaKrampus
Naphezu kwemizamo eqhubekayo yeSonto LamaKatolika nohulumeni abalandela imithetho yokuguga yokuqeda lesi sibalo, u-Krampus uphikelele emcabangweni ohlangene. Phakathi nekhulu le-12, kwase kwenziwa imizamo yokuqeda lolu hlobo lomkhosi ngenxa yokufana kwayo okusobala nezithombe zamademoni.
Kamuva, Phakathi neThird Reich kanye nePatriotic Front e-Austria, kwavalwa futhi emikhosini ehlobene neKrampus.. Nokho, akukho kulokhu okwakwazi ukukuqeda ngokuphelele. Empeleni, Ngekhulu le-19 laqala ukuzuza amandla futhi ngokuba khona okukhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kusukela ekubeni isiko lendawo kuya emkhosini owandile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhadi kaKhisimusi aqukethe u-Krampus aze aqala ukukhiqizwa., abanye benobuhle obubi kakhulu lapho udeveli ebonakala efaka izingane kubhasikidi wakhe. Le ndlela yokugqamisa ukuziphatha kwengane ingahlotshaniswa .
Esinye sezizathu ezenza u-Krampus asinde sibonga umsebenzi wakhe ongokomfanekiso.: mele uhlangothi olumnyama lukaKhisimusi futhi usebenze njenge-counterweight kumusa kaSaint Nicholas. Emasikweni amaningi, lokhu kulinganisa phakathi kokuhle nokubi kwakunesisindo esikhulu sokufundisa nokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe.
I-Krampuslauf: Umgubho Wesimanje
Umgubho oyifanekiselo kakhulu ohlobene ne-Krampus i-Krampuslauf noma i-"Krampus Parade". Kulolu hlobo lwe-carnival yasebusika, amaqembu ezinsizwa ezigqoke amasudi oboya, izifihla-buso zokhuni, nezimpondo zizulazula emigwaqweni eshaya amagatsha phansi, ethusa izingane nabantu abadala ngokufanayo.
Lo mcimbi usuthole umfutho ikakhulukazi e-Austria, eJalimane, eHungary, eSlovenia naseCzech Republic.. Kule mibukiso, abakwaKrampuse—njengoba baziwa kanjalo bebonke—bagibela izigodi zonke, bethusa abantu, bejaha labo abacashile, futhi bebonisa ngobukhona babo ukungezwani phakathi kokuhleleka nesiphithiphithi, okuhle nokubi.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abaningi balaba ababambiqhaza bathi leli siko selineminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane likhona., futhi ibhekisele kumsuka wayo wesiCeltic noma wesiJalimane, nakuba imibhalo emidala kakhulu ihlehlela emuva ku-1582. Le ngxube yezici zamasiko nezinkathi inikeza i-Krampuslauf inani elingokomfanekiso ku-.
Ukunwetshwa kwesimanje kwe-Krampuslauf nakho kube yimpendulo kubumnandi obedlulele kanye nokudayiswa kukaKhisimusi.. Entsheni eningi, sekuphenduke uhlobo lokuvukela kwamasiko noma ngisho nokuvukela umbuso, olubekela inselele ubuhle bukaKhisimusi obungokwesiko nokwamukela okubi njengohlobo lwe-catharsis.
Ubudlelwano nezinye izibalo zikaKhisimusi ezimnyama
UKrampus akuyena yedwa omnyama ohlotshaniswa nemikhosi kaKhisimusi.. Ezifundeni ezifana neJalimane ne-Netherlands, kunezibalo ezifana ne-Knecht Ruprecht noma u-Zwarte Piet, naye osebenza njengozakwabo wokuqondisa izigwegwe no-Saint Nicholas. Ngokwengqikithi yalaba balingisi, singabona ukufana nokwehluka okunothisayo.
E-Switzerland, inguqulo enomusa ye-Krampus ebizwa ngokuthi i-Schmutzli ivela nomshanelo, olinganiselwe ekuxosheni izingane ngaphandle kokuziyisa esihogweni.. Ezifundeni ezisezintabeni, lesi sibalo sihlanganiswe noPerchta, unkulunkulu wasebusika wamaCeltic ogade imihlambi futhi axoshe imimoya emibi.
I-denominator evamile yalezi zibalo ukuthi zonke zimelela "isithunzi" sesenzo sokupha., okungukuthi, isijeziso sokuziphatha sokungalandeli izindinganiso zomphakathi.
Ungamethusa kanjani u-Krampus?
Ayikho indlela yomlingo yokususa u-Krampus, kodwa amanye amasiko adumile aphakamise izindlela ezithile ezifuna ukwazi ukugwema ukuvakasha kwakhe.. Enye yazo, yebo, ziphatheni. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengokusho okuthile, sona kanye isisekelo salenganekwane sisekelwe ekuziphatheni kwezingane unyaka wonke.
Amanye amasiko akhomba ukusetshenziswa kwezigqizo zenkolo, njengeziphambano noma amanzi angcwele, ukuze kuvikelwe indlu. Kuphinde kuthiwe Ukukhanya nokufudumala kwekhaya kungabangela ukuthi i-Krampus igweme izindlu ezikhanyisiwe., bekhetha abasebumnyameni noma abalahliwe. Ngalo mqondo, ibhalansi phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama iba indikimba eyinhloko ebonakala ku.
Emadolobheni amaningi, amagatsha e-birch ayevame ukubekwa emafasiteleni noma eminyango., hhayi nje njengesixwayiso kubantwana, kodwa futhi njengendlela yokushweleza udeveli. Kukholakala ukuthi uma usuvele uthola ithuluzi lakho lokujezisa litholakala, ungaqhubeka nendlela yakho ngaphandle kokuthi ungene.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhambisana ne-parade ye-Krampuslauf nokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kuyo kuthathwa njengendlela yesiko lokusebenzisa amandla ayo.. Ngokumema isibalo emphakathini, ukufutheka kwakhe kuvunyelwe ukuhlakazeka ngokomfanekiso.
Ubukhulu obungokomfanekiso namasiko
Kuzazi eziningi, uKrampus akalutho ngaphandle kokwenziwa kwemfundiso yokhokho., okuphawuleka ngokwesaba ukujeziswa njengendlela yokufundisa ngokuziphatha. Kulo mongo, UKrampus uyayeka ukuba idemoni futhi uba umbukiso ohlangene wokuquleka komphakathi..
Izazi-mlando ezinjengo-Eric Hobsbawm ziyihlukanisa ngokuthi “isiko elisunguliwe.”, okungukuthi, isiko elidalwe ngesikhathi esithile somlando ukuze kugcwaliseke umsebenzi ongokomfanekiso noma womphakathi. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukugcizelela isiyalo nokuziphatha phakathi kohlaka lomndeni. Lolu cwaningo lwamasiko luhlobene ngqo .
Muva nje, leli siko seliphinde lamukelwa yilabo abafuna ukugqashula esithombeni sikaKhisimusi esinoshukela.. I-Krampus yamukelwe ama-subcultures asemadolobheni, ukunyakaza kwama-punk, kanye nokunye ukumaketha kwebhizinisi njengophawu lokungahloniphi nobuqiniso.
Futhi ekugcineni, uKrampus umele olunye uhlangothi lwemali kaKhisimusi.: ukwesaba, isijeziso, ubumnyama ... kodwa futhi ukwethembeka ngokomzwelo kanye nesikhumbuzo sokuthi akuwona wonke amaholide okufanele aphelele.
Nakanjani, U-Krampus uvela futhi njalo ngoZibandlela ukuze asinyakazise siphume endukwini kaKhisimusi.. Ngezimpondo, amaketanga, namagatsha e-birch, uyaqhubeka ehamba phakathi kwethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu ongokoqobo emibuthweni noma njengophawu lwamasiko olubekela inselele imihlangano.
