I-Las izimfudu zasolwandle Bebelokhu bedabula olwandle izigidi zeminyaka, kodwa bayaqhubeka nokusimangaza namuhla ngebhayoloji yabo, ukufuduka kwabo okungenakwenzeka, kanye nendima yabo ebucayi ekulinganiseni imvelo. Eceleni kwabo, lowo ocatshangelwayo inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeniUshaka womkhomo ubonakala njengomuntu omkhulu onokuthula olwandle olushisayo nolungaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo. Ndawonye, zimele izindaba ezimbili ezithakazelisayo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokumangala kwempilo yasolwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizobuyekeza ngokuningiliziwe izici, izinto ezimangalisayo kanye nezinsongo ezithinta ofudu basolwandle, kanye namaqiniso abalulekile ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Sizoxoxa ngokudla kwazo, indawo yazo yokuhlala, indlela isimo sezulu kanye nomsebenzi wabantu okuthinta ngayo ukusinda kwazo, nokuthi kungani ukulondolozwa kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okungase kubonakale ekuqaleni.
Usuku Lomhlaba Lwezimfudu Zasolwandle kanye nokubaluleka kwalo kwemvelo
Ngonyaka ngamunye, i 16 ngoJuniEzinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ngemva koSuku Lomhlaba Lwezilwandle (ngoJuni 8), kugujwa uSuku Lomhlaba Lwezimfudu, usuku oluhloselwe ukusikhumbuza ukuthi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu nezisengozini kakhulu emhlabeni. Akuyona nje isenzakalo esingokomfanekiso: kusiza ukugxila ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokulondolozwa ezibhekene nazo kanye nesidingo sokuvikela izindawo zazo zokuhlala ezisogwini kanye nezasolwandle.
Izimfudu zasolwandle zingamaqembu amabili ahlukene: I-Cheloniidae ne-DermochelyidaeIqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezinamagobolondo aqinile, kanti elesibili limelelwa ufudu oludumile lwe-leatherback, olunegobolondo elifana kakhulu negobolondo eliguquguqukayo elimbozwe isikhumba. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwesimo semvelo kuhumusha ekuzivumelaniseni okuhlukene kakhulu kokubhukuda, ukudla, nokuhamba olwandle.
Ngokombono wemvelo, izimfudu zibalulekile impilo yolwandleUma udla endle utshani basolwandle Imibhede yokhula lwasolwandle kanye namadwala e-coral kusiza ukugcina lezi zindawo zemvelo zilinganisela. Umsebenzi wazo uzuzisa ngokungaqondile izinhlobo ezibalulekile kwezomnotho, njenge-tuna, i-lobster, kanye ne-shrimp, ezithembele kulezi zindawo zokuhlala ezigcinwe kahle ukuze zichume.
Ukunyamalala kwezimfudu zasolwandle kungabangela ukungalingani okuphawulekayo ochungechungeni lokudla lwezilwandle eziningi. Ukuncipha kwezimfudu ezidla uhlaza kungasho ukuqhakaza kwe-algae okungalawuleki, okungavimba amadlelo otshani basolwandle kanye namadwala. Lokhu, nakho, kuthinta izinhlanzi ezibalulekile kwezentengiselwano kanye nomnotho wokudoba wonke. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngezimfudu zasolwandle kukhuluma nangokuvikeleka kokudla kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu emiphakathini eminingi yasogwini.
Futhi babhekwa njengomunye we izizukulwane ezindala kakhulu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo Zisaphila, kanti imvelaphi yazo isukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi eminyaka. Zisinde ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu okunonya kanye nokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi, kodwa manje zibhekene nenselele entsha: ukucindezela kwabantu okuqondile nokungaqondile emabhishi azo okuzalela nasezindaweni zokudla.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle nobukhulu bazo
Okwamanje, okulandelayo kuyaqashelwa izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zezimfudu zasolwandlengalinye linemininingwane ethile ngobukhulu, ukudla, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nesimo sokulondolozwa. Zihlelwe kusukela kokukhulu kuya kokuncane, yilezi: ufudu lwe-leatherback (I-Dermochelys coriacea), kube i-loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), ufudu oluluhlaza (I-Chelonia mydas), ufudu olusempumalanga kwesokudla (I-Natator depressus), ufudu lwe-hawksbill (I-Eretmochelys imbricata), ufudu oluyimpumputhe noma ufudu lwepholi (I-Lepidochelys kempii) kanye nofudu lwe-olive ridley (I-Lepidochelys olivacea).
La i-leatherback ufudu lwasolwandle Yiyona nkunzi yangempela yeqembu. Ingadlula amamitha angu-1,80 ubude futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isisindo sayo singamakhilogremu angu-900. Igobolondo layo aliqinile njengelezinye izinhlobo, kodwa liyisakhiwo esinamathambo esimbozwe isikhumba esijiyile esinama-longitudinal ridges, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuwela ulwandle lonke.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i- i-olive ridley ufuduNjengoba iyisilwane esincane kunazo zonke ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ayivamile ukudlula amasentimitha angu-70 ubude. Noma kunjalo, iyisilwane esinamandla, esijwayeleke kahle kakhulu ezimpilweni zasolwandle, esinamaphiko anamandla akwazi ukubekezelela uhambo olude phakathi kwezindawo zokudla kanye namabhishi okuzalela.
Uma sicabangela lonke iqembu, iningi lezimfudu zasolwandle liwela ngaphakathi kwebanga Amasentimitha angu-60 kuya kumamitha angu-1,8 Zingamamitha ayi-10 ubude, zinesisindo esiguquguqukayo kakhulu esisukela kumakhilogremu ayishumi kuya kwamakhulu amaningana. Lobu bukhulu, buhlanganiswe negobolondo eliyingxenye ebalulekile yamathambo azo, buzihlinzeka ngesivikelo ezitheni eziningi, yize kungesona isivikelo esingenaphutha ngokumelene noshaka abakhulu, ama-orca, noma imisebenzi yabantu.
Igobolondo lifanelwe ukukhulunywa ngalo ngokuhlukile: akulona “isivikelo” esengeziwe, kodwa isakhiwo samathambo esihlanganisiwe Umgogodla kanye nezimbambo zimbozwe ngamapuleti anezimpondo (emndenini we-Cheloniidae). Lesi sici sokwakheka komzimba silawula yonke i-biology yazo: imisipha yazo, indlela yazo yokubhukuda, ngisho nendlela eziphefumula ngayo lapho zivela.
Emanzini aseSpain, izinhlobo ezivame ukuvela kakhulu yi- ufudu lwe-loggerhead kanye nofudu oluhlazaKulezi, yi-bobwhite kuphela eye yakha izidleke ngezikhathi ezithile emabhishi ase-peninsula naseziqhingini, okwenza lezi zenzakalo zibe eziyingqayizivele futhi zibe nesithakazelo esikhulu kwezesayensi nakwezokulondolozwa.
Indawo yokuhlala, ukusabalala kanye nokufuduka kwezimfudu zasolwandle
Izimfudu zasolwandle zisakazeke yonke indawo izilwandle ezishisayo, ezishisayo nezifudumele Ziyizilwane ezihlala ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa uhlobo ngalunye lunezintandokazi zalo ngokushisa, ugu lolwandle, kanye nokujula. Ezinhlanu kweziyisikhombisa zezinhlobo zinezindawo eziningi uma nje zithola amanzi afudumele noma afudumele ngokulingene; ezinye ezimbili, i-bastard kanye ne-eastern right whale, zinezindawo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu.
La ufudu oluyimpumputhe Ibonakala kakhulu eGulf of Mexico nasezindaweni eziseduze, kuyilapho ufudu olusempumalanga kwesokudla Itholakala kakhulu enyakatho ye-Australia naseningizimu yePapua New Guinea. Ezinye izinhlobo, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, zingawela ulwandle lonke, zisebenzisa imisinga kanye nezindawo zokudla ezikhiqizayo.
Unyaka wonke, futhi kuye ngokuthi umjikelezo wokuzalaIzimfudu zishintsha indawo yazo: zihamba phakathi kwezindawo zokudla (ngokuvamile eshalofini lezwekazi) kanye namabhishi okuzalela, ngokuvamile anesihlabathi futhi agcinwe kahle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka, zingatholakala eduze nogu noma kude nolwandle, futhi zize zihambe ziye emanzini apholile uma izimo zokudla zivuma.
Endabeni izimfudu ze-hawksbillUkusatshalaliswa kwayo kudlulela kulo lonke i-Atlantic, iPacific, kanye ne-Indian Oceans, okubonakala kakhulu oLwandle iCaribbean nakwezinye izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo. Eziningi ziqoshwe emazweni angaphezu kwe-100, yize ukuzalela okubhaliwe kukhawulelwe emazweni angaba ngu-70. Zithanda amadwala e-coral, izindawo ezinamadwala, kanye nezindawo ezingajulile ezisogwini ezinezinsika ezicebile kanye nokufinyelela okulula emabhishi anesihlabathi lapho zingazala khona.
Akuvamile ukubona izimfudu ze-hawksbill zidlula 65 amamitha ukujulanjengoba izimpilo zabo zijikeleza kakhulu emadwaleni nasezindaweni ezingajulile. Entshonalanga ye-Atlantic, inani lezimfudu ze-hawksbill lisukela eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFlorida liye eningizimu yeBrazil, lidlula eBahamas, e-Antilles, futhi, ikakhulukazi, eCaribbean yaseMexico. E-Yucatán Peninsula, ikakhulukazi eQuintana Roo, ezinye zezindawo izindawo eziyinhloko zokwakhela izidleke kulo lonke elasenyakatho yezwe, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamabhishi amahle kanye namatshe akhiqiza kakhulu.
Ukuzala, izidleke kanye nokusinda kwenzalo
Esinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zebhayoloji yezimfudu zasolwandle yizo isu lokuzalaAmaduna achitha impilo yawo yonke olwandle futhi awaphinde anyathele emhlabathini ngemva kokushiya ogwini lapho azalelwa khona. Amaduna, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ashiya amanzi kuphela ukuze ambe izidleke zawo futhi abeke amaqanda awo esihlabathini ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Abesifazane abaningi babonisa ukwethembeka okumangalisayo endaweni yabo yokudabuka: ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuphila olwandle, babuyela e- ibhishi elifanayo lapho bazalelwa khonaLokhu kuziphatha, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-philopatry, kuncike ohlelweni lokuqondiswa oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho insimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba idlala indima ebalulekile. Izimfudu ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuhlukahluka kwe-geomagnetic yeplanethi njengemephu yangaphakathi ezitshela ukuthi ziye kuphi.
Izidleke zivame ukuba nezindawo ezizungezile Amaqanda e-150Nakuba inani eliqondile lingahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nosayizi wensikazi, ufudu lungabeka izibambo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze lukhokhele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokufa kwamaphuphu asanda kuzalwa. Lokhu kukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amakhulu kuyinselele yokuziphendukela kwemvelo: amaphuphu amaningi asanda kuzalwa akhiqizwa azi ukuthi ingxenye encane kuphela ezosinda aze abe mdala.
Izinga lokushisa lesihlabathi liyisici esibalulekile, njengoba linquma ubulili bezimfudu ezincaneNgokuvamile, amazinga okushisa afudumele athanda ukukhiqizwa kwezinsikazi, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa apholile ebangela inani elikhulu labesilisa. Njengoba ukufudumala komhlaba kwamanje kuqhubeka, lokhu kuba yinkinga enkulu, ngoba amabhishi amaningi akhiqiza cishe izinsikazi kuphela, okulimaza ibhalansi yesikhathi esizayo yabantu.
Isigaba esimangalisayo kakhulu somjikelezo wokuphila senzeka ngemizuzu embalwa yokuqala yokuphila. Ngemva kokuchamisela, amaphuphu aphuma ebusuku bese egijimela olwandle ngobuningi, eqondiswa ukukhanya komkhathi. Phakathi nalolu hambo olufushane, asengozini enkulu: oyedwa kuphela kwabayinkulungwane Ekugcineni ifinyelela ebudaleni. Izinkalankala, izinyoni, izimpungushe, noma ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zisebenzisa ithuba lokuqhuma kwezimfudu ezincane ukuze zidle, futhi noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwemvelo (izibani zokwenziwa, izilwane ezifuywayo, izimoto esihlabathini) kungaziphazamisa noma kwandise ukufa kwazo.
Ukondla nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila kwasolwandle
Ukudla kwezimfudu zasolwandle kuyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuyashintsha ngokuya ngohlobo kanye nesigaba sokuphila. Ezinye ziningi kakhulu ezidla izitshaloEzinye, njengefudu eliluhlaza elikhulile, zidla kakhulu utshani basolwandle kanye nolwelwe, okusiza ukugcina amadlelo otshani basolwandle ephilile. Ezinye zidla kakhulu noma zidla yonke inyama, njengefudu le-hawksbill, elidla inhlanganisela emangalisayo yeziponji nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla.
La ufudu lwe-hawksbill Yisona kuphela isilwane esihuquzelayo esaziwayo esigxile ekudleni iziponji zasolwandle (i-spongivore). Iziponji eziningi ziqukethe amakhemikhali anobuthi, aqoqana ezicutshini zofudu. Lokhu kwenza inyama yaso ibe yingozi kubantu, okubangela ubuthi obukhulu kulabo abayidlayo. Ngaphezu kweziponji, idla ne-mollusk, i-algae, ama-crustacean, ama-sea urchins, izinhlanzi, kanye ne-jellyfish, ngakho-ke ibhekwa njenge-omnivorous.
Izimfudu ezincane ze-hawksbill, kanye nezinye izinhlobo, zivame ukuchitha iminyaka yazo yokuqala e- ulwandle oluphakemeZicasha phakathi kwenqwaba yolwelwe oluntantayo (njenge-sargassum). Lapho zithola indawo yokukhosela nokudla ngesimo sezilwane ezincane ezinamagobolondo, ama-bryozoan, ama-tunicates, nama-annelids ezihlala ndawonye nalezi zinhlobo zolwelwe. Njengoba zikhula, ziya ezindaweni ezisogwini, lapho ukudla kwazo kuyahlukahluka noma kukhethekile khona, kuye ngohlobo lwazo.
Ezinye izimfudu zasolwandle zidla ama-anemones, i-jellyfish, ama-mollusk, izinkalankala, kanye nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezinamagobolondo. Uthando lwazo nge-jellyfish luye lwaba yi- Isicupho esifayoIzinhlanzi eziningi zicabanga ukuthi izikhwama zepulasitiki noma ezinye izinsalela ezintantayo ziyizisulu zazo ezivamile. Ukudla lezi pulasitiki kungabangela ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ukubhoboka, noma imizwa yokugcwala engamanga, okungaholela ekufeni.
Izimfudu nazo zithuthukise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zikwazi phuza amanzi anosawoti ngaphandle kokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni. Banezindlala ezikhethekile eduze kwamehlo abo ezikhipha usawoti omningi, okunikeza umbono wokuthi "bayakhala" lapho bephezulu ukuze baphefumule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-physiology yabo ibavumela ukuthi bahlale becwiliswe emanzini isikhathi eside, behlisa i-metabolism yabo futhi besebenzisa i-oxygen kahle kakhulu.
Ukufuduka okude kanye nokuqondiswa
Izimfudu zasolwandle zingabahambi abakhuthele. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphelele ukufuduka kwezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phakathi kwezindawo zabo zokudla kanye namabhishi okwakha izidleke, bephinda njalo eminyakeni embalwa imizila eyayihanjwa okhokho babo kudala ngaphambi kokuba kube namamephu noma amasathelayithi.
Isibonelo, ufudu lwe-hawksbill lungahamba okungaphezu kwalokho 2.000 amakhilomitha phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukene kakhulu ePacific, njengoba kuye kwabhalwa phakathi kwe-Australia neSolomon Islands. E-Atlantic, kuye kwabhalwa uhambo olufinyelela kumakhilomitha angu-3.000 phakathi kwezindawo zokudla eMexico kanye namabhishi okuzalela izidleke eDominican Republic, okunikeza umbono wokukhuthazela kwazo ngokomzimba kanye nenkumbulo yendawo.
Lo mthamo wokufuduka uncike ezindleleni ezahlukene zokuqondiswa, kodwa enye yezinto ezimangaza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo Amandla kazibuthe omhlabaIzimfudu zibona ukushintshashintsha okuncane ekujuleni nasekuqondeni kwamandla kazibuthe bese zizisebenzisa njengohlobo lwesistimu yokuzulazula yangaphakathi. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, kanye nezamanzi olwandle, lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zithole amabhishi athile ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka ziwashiye eyizinyane.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwazo, izimfudu zinqamula izindawo lapho kunokudoba okunamandla khona, izindawo ezinezimoto eziningi zasolwandle, noma izindawo ezithintekile ukungcola. Umlenze ngamunye wohambo uhilela ukubhekana izinsongo ezengeziweKusukela ekushayisaneni nemikhumbi kuya ekutheni kungenzeka ukuthi ubhajwe emanetheni noma emishinini yokudoba ekhukhulekayo, lokhu kufuduka kuba yingozi kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, bachitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yabo amanzi eshalofini lase-continentallapho umkhiqizo uphezulu khona futhi zithola ukudla kalula. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-leatherback, zivame ukungena olwandle oluvulekile nasezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle zifuna izimpukane ze-jellyfish noma ezinye izilwane ezidla i-gelatinous.
Izinsongo: ipulasitiki, ukudoba, ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Naphezu kokusinda ekuqothulweni okukhulu kanye nezinguquko zemvelo kuwo wonke umlando we-geology, izimfudu zasolwandle namuhla zibhekene nesethi yezinsongo ezibangelwa abantu ezibeka ukuphila kwazo engcupheni enkulu. ukusinda kwesikhathi esideIzinhlobo eziyisithupha kweziyisikhombisa zifakiwe ku-IUCN Red List (International Union for Conservation of Nature) emazingeni ahlukahlukene okusongela.
Ngokuphathelene nezigaba zokulondolozwa, kubhekwa izimfudu ze-leatherback, i-loggerhead, kanye ne-olive ridley. “Usengozini”Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezimfudu ezizalayo ezingama-loggerhead ezingaba ngu-60.000 kanye nezimfudu ezicishe zibe ngu-800.000 zama-olive ridley, yize lezi zibalo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomthombo nendawo okucwaningwa kuyo. Ufudu oluhlaza lubhalwe njengohlobo "olusengozini", olulinganiselwa ku-203.000 emhlabeni jikelele.
Izimo ezibucayi kakhulu zihambisana nofudu lwe-hawksbill kanye nofudu lwe-ridley lwe-Kemp, oluhlukaniswe ngokuthi “Engozini Enkulu”Izilinganiso zisikisela ukuthi kunezimfudu ze-hawksbill ezingaba ngu-8.000 kanye nezimfudu ze-ridley ze-Kemp ezingaba ngu-1.000 kuphela. Imininingwane ayiphelele kangako ngemfudu yesokudla yasempumalanga, kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungase kube nezimfudu ezingaba ngu-10.000 ezisele, okungesona isibalo esiqinisekisayo.
Phakathi kwezinsongo ezinkulu kukhona ipulasitiki yasolwandleIzimfudu zidla izikhwama, izingcezu, kanye nezinye izinsalela, zicabanga ukuthi ziyi-jellyfish noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubangela ukuvinjelwa kokugaya ukudla kodwa futhi kungaholela ekubambeni, kuvimbele ukubhukuda nokuphefumula kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulasitiki ithwala ukungcola kwamakhemikhali okumuncwa emizimbeni yezimfudu bese kuqongelela ezicutshini zazo.
La bycatch Lena enye inkinga enkulu. Izimfudu kudingeka zivele njalo ukuze ziphefumule, kodwa uma zibanjwa emanetheni, emigqeni emide, noma emadolweni, zingaminza. Lokhu kubanjwa akuhlosiwe—abadobi ngokuvamile abaqondisi izimfudu—kodwa bamelela esinye sezimbangela ezinkulu zokufa. Ukwethula amadivayisi okususa izimfudu kanye neminye imikhuba yokudoba enesibopho kunganciphisa kakhulu lo mthelela.
El ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni Futhi ukusetshenziswa ngqo akukapheli ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izindawo, izimfudu zisafunwa ngenxa yamagobolondo azo (ikakhulukazi i-hawksbill, esetshenziswa emisebenzini yezandla), isikhumba sazo, amaqanda azo, noma inyama yazo. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, isobho lezimfudu lalibhekwa njengesidlo esimnandi, futhi yize manje selivinjelwe emazweni amaningi, imakethe emnyama iyaqhubeka futhi yenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu sezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu.
El ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Lokhu kwenezela ungqimba lwengozi ehlanganisa izindawo eziningi. Ukuphakama kwamazinga olwandle kanye nokwanda kwemvamisa kanye namandla eziphepho kulimaza amabhishi lapho izimfudu zidla khona izidleke, kukhukhule isihlabathi futhi kubhubhise izidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo lesihlabathi ezindaweni zokuzalela lishintsha isilinganiso sobulili, okukhuthaza ukuzalwa kwezinsikazi futhi kunciphise inani lezinduna, okungaphazamisa ngokuphelele inani lezinkumbi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa.
Okungeziwe kukho konke lokhu ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezisogwini Ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni okungalawulwa kanye nezokuvakasha: ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ogwini lolwandle, ukukhanya okwenziwe okuphambanisa amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto esihlabathini, njll. Izifo nazo ziyabonwa ezinhlotsheni zezimfudu zasolwandle, ezinye zazo ezingase zihlotshaniswe nokungcola, ukuba khona kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, noma ukwanda kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo eziphazamisa ibhalansi ebucayi phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: ushaka womkhomo
Uma sikhuluma inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabenicishe yonke imigwaqo iholela ku-whale shark (I-Rhincodon typusNaphezu kwegama layo nobukhulu bayo obukhulu, akuyona i-whale, kodwa i-shark edla izihlungi, inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo ehlala olwandle njengamanje. Ingadlula kalula amamitha ayi-10 ubude, futhi kuye kwabhalwa ukuthi ezinye ezisondela noma ezidlula amamitha ayi-15 ubude.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ku- izinto eziphilayo ezincaneI-whale shark ivula umlomo wayo omkhulu njengoba ibhukuda kancane, ihluza amanzi amaningi ifuna i-plankton, amaqanda ezinhlanzi, i-krill, nezinhlanzi ezincane. Lokhu kudla kuyenza ibe yisilwane esikhulu esinokuthula esingavami ukuba yingozi kubantu, ngaphandle kwengozi yokushayisana ngengozi uma umuntu ebhukuda eduze kakhulu ngaphandle kokuqapha.
Indawo yokuhlala koshaka whale ihlobene amanzi afudumele Laba oshaka bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, eziningi zazo ezihlanganyela nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimfudu zasolwandle. Bavame ukubonwa ezindaweni lapho i-plankton itholakala khona, njengezindawo ezikhuphukayo noma ezindaweni lapho kuhlangana khona imisinga yolwandle ecebile ngezakhamzimba. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukubukeka kwabo kubikezelwa kakhulu kangangokuthi sebeyindawo ekhangayo kakhulu yezivakashi.
Njengezimfudu, oshaka bemikhomo babhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu: ukudoba okuqondiwe kwamanye amazwe, ukushayisana nemikhumbi, ukubanjwa ngamanetha, kanye nokuwohloka kwezindawo zabo zokudla. Nakuba bengabelani ngazo zonke izinkinga ezithile zezimfudu (njengokuthembela emabhishi okuzalela izidleke), ukwehla kwazo kubonisa izinkinga ezifanayo. ingcindezi yomhlaba wonke ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nesidingo sokuphatha kangcono imisebenzi yethu olwandle.
Ngokwesimo esingokomfanekiso, ushaka womkhomo kanye nezimfudu zasolwandle zihlanganisa umqondo wokuthi “iziqhwaga ezisengozini” zolwandle: izilwane ezinkulu nezibonakala zinamandla, kodwa ezizwela kakhulu izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi, ukuba khona kokungcola, umsindo ongaphansi kwamanzi noma ukudoba ngokweqile ezindaweni zazo ezibalulekile zokuhlala.
Ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, amabhishi avikelwe kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wobuntu
Isihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ikusasa lezimfudu zasolwandle kanye nezinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sisekuhlanganisweni kwe izinyathelo zokulondolozwa kwendawo kanye nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonkeUma kwenzeka izimfudu, ukuvikela amabhishi okuzalela izidleke kubalulekile: ukugcina isihlabathi sihlanzekile, ukunciphisa ukufinyelela ezimotweni, ukulawula ukukhanya okwenziwe, ukugwema izakhiwo eziseduze kakhulu, nokunciphisa ingcindezi yezivakashi ngesikhathi sokuzalela izidleke.
Izinhlelo zokuqapha izidleke, ukufuduselwa kwezidleke ezisengozini, kanye nokufundisa izivakashi kuyizinto eziye zabonakala zisebenza kahle ezindaweni eziningi, njenge- ukukhishwa kofudu eValenciaIzimfudu zasolwandle zingabekela amaqanda angaphezu kuka-150 ngesidleke ngasinye kanye nezikhathi eziningana ngesizini, kodwa lawo mandla ahumushela kuphela kubantu abadala uma indawo ihlonishwa. ibhalansi phakathi kwezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nezisulu futhi umthelela owengeziwe womuntu onciphisa ibhalansi ekusindeni kwabo uncishisiwe.
Emkhakheni wezokudoba, ukwamukelwa kwamasu akhethekile, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okukhipha ufudu emigodini yokudoba ngamanetha, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwemishini ethile yokudoba ezindaweni zokudlula ezifudukayo kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ukubamba ngephuthaEzingeni lesishayamthetho, ukwenqatshelwa kokuhweba ngamagobolondo, inyama namaqanda, kanye nokuqapha okusebenzayo, kusiza ekunciphiseni imakethe engekho emthethweni elimaza kakhulu abantu abasengozini kakhulu.
Ukulwa no ipulasitiki olwandle Ukubhekana nokungcola okuvela kweminye imithombo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, kanye nokukhuthaza imikhankaso yokuhlanza ugu akugcini nje ngokuzuzisa izimfudu kodwa nazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle. Ngokufanayo, izindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle eziphethwe kahle zinikeza izindawo zokukhosela lapho izimfudu, oshaka bemikhomo, nezinye izinhlobo zingondla, zizalane, futhi zifuduke ngokucindezela okuncane.
Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ukulondolozwa kwezimfudu zasolwandle kanye noshaka bemikhomo akukhona nje ukusindisa izinhlobo ezikhangayo. Kuhilela ukulondoloza ukusebenza kwezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle lapho izigidi zabantu zithembele khona. Zonke izimfudu ezifika ebudaleni kanye nazo zonke izihlungi ezinkulu eziqhubeka nokubhukuda emanzini ashisayo, ekugcineni, ziyizinkomba zokuthi senza okuthile okulungile. Nakuba isimo siyinkimbinkimbi, inhlanganisela yesayensi, umthetho, imfundo, kanye nezinguquko emikhubeni yethu yokusebenzisa kungenza umehluko omkhulu kulezi zinhlobo ebezikhona emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka futhi manje zincike kakhulu ezinqumweni zethu.
