Umthelela wesiko lama-Yoruba e-Cuba yisihloko esithakazelisayo esisuka ekufikeni kwezigqila zase-Afrika kuze kube namuhla, okushiya uphawu olujulile kubunikazi bezwe bamasiko. I inkolo, lo umculo, lo umdanso futhi i amasiko amaYoruba ahlala ephila futhi avela esiqhingini, ahlangana nezinye izici zamasiko futhi abangela ukubonakaliswa okuyingqayizivele njenge ISanterÃa.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe umlando wabantu baseYoruba, ukufika kwabo eCuba, ithonya emculweni nomdanso, izinkolelo zabo zenkolo kanye nendlela la masiko aye aphila ngayo kuze kube namuhla.
Abantu baseYoruba: Imvelaphi kanye Nomlando
AmaYoruba ayiqembu i-ethnolingual eqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esakhiwe namuhla Nigeria, EBenin y Togo. Umlando wayo uhlehlela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa, ne Oyo Empire ngokuba enye yempucuko yayo enethonya kakhulu. Lo mbuso wawaziwa ngawo inhlangano yezepolitiki, it isakhiwo sezempi esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nalo ithonya lamasiko phezu kwamadolobha angomakhelwane.
Abantu baseYoruba babenomphakathi owakhiwe waba yimibuso nezikhulu ezihlukahlukene, nedolobha elingcwele le Ilé-Ifé njengesikhungo sabo esingokomoya. Ngokwezinganekwane zaseYoruba, i-Ilé-Ifé yindawo lapho umhlaba wadalwa khona nalapho onkulunkulu kanye imimoya yamadlozi.
Ukufika kwamaYoruba eCuba
Ngesikhathi ukuhweba ngezigqila e-AtlanticAmaYoruba amaningi athunjwa ayiswa eCuba phakathi kwekhulu le-16 nele-19. Esiqhingini, baphoqeleka ukuthi basebenze e- amasimu kashukela nakweminye imisebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinonya.
Noma ngabe violencia futhi i ukucindezelwa, amaYoruba akwazi ukulondoloza izimpande zawo zamasiko nezenkolo. Inkolo yamaYoruba, enezinganekwane zayo eziningi kanye nayo onkulunkulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-orishas, ​​ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuphikisweni kwamasiko kwezigqila zase-Afrika eMelika.
Inkolo yamaYoruba eCuba: ubuSanteria
ECuba, inkolo yesiYoruba yahlangana ne UbuKatolika ebekwe ngabakhi bamakholoni baseSpain, okwenza kube ne- ISanterÃa noma Osha Rule. Le syncretism yavumela izigqila ukuthi zivikele izinkolelo zazo, zihlobanise ne-orishas yazo abangcwele bamaKatolika. Ngokwesibonelo, uChangó, unkulunkulu wokuduma nempi, wahlanganiswa noSanta Barbara, kuyilapho uYemayá, unkulunkulukazi wolwandle, ehlotshaniswa neNcasakazi yaseRegla.
Imikhuba yobuSanteria ihlanganisa ukunikela kuma-orishas, ​​imikhosi yokuqalisa, ukubonisana nabapristi (babalawos) nemidanso engcwele emele onkulunkulu. Umculo kanye ne izigubhu ze-batá Zibalulekile kule mikhosi, ngoba zisetshenziselwa ukubiza ama-orisha. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngemikhuleko yaseSanteria, ungathintana nomhlahlandlela wethu ku imithandazo ku-Elegua.
Ithonya le-Yoruba Emasikweni aseCuba
Ngaphandle kwenkolo, ubukhona beYoruba bubonakale esikweni laseCuba ngokusebenzisa umculo, lo umdanso kanye nezinkulumo zobuciko. Izitayela zomculo ezifana rumba, the wakhe futhi i i-guaguancó Banethonya elicacile lase-Afrika kusigqi nokushaywa kwabo.
Emdanso, ama-choreograph amaningi endabuko ahlanganisa ukunyakaza okugqugquzelwe imikhosi yesi-Yoruba, njengokushukuma kwe-Yemayá noma izinyathelo ezinamandla ze-Changó. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa izingubo ezimibalabala kanye nezigqoko zivusa izingubo zomdabu zase-Afrika.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zalesi siko yi- ukuhlonishwa kwe-orishas. Le mimoya yaphezulu iwumgogodla womkhuba wobuSanteria, futhi ngamunye unesethi yawo yemithandazo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezibalo ezifana Yemaya, unina wamanzi, kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukujula kwesiko lesiYoruba eCuba.
Ukwengeza, abalandeli besiko lamaYoruba bagubha amasiko anjalo ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpande zabo zase-Afrika kanye nesiko laseCuba, okwakha i-tapestry ecebile yamasiko asekhona nanamuhla.
Eleggua Ungomunye wama-orishas abaluleke kakhulu, ​​obhekele ukuvula izindlela kanye nesithunywa sonkulunkulu, efanekisela amathuba amaningi alethwa impilo.
I-Orishas kanye Nokufaneleka Kwabo Namuhla
Ama-orisha anjalo imimoya yaphezulu emele izici ezehlukene zempilo nemvelo. Namuhla, basaqhubeka behlonishwa eCuba nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba lapho inkolo yesiYoruba iye yasakazeka khona.
- Eleggua: Umqaphi wemigwaqo nesithunywa sonkulunkulu.
- Inkawu: UbuNkulunkulu bokuduma, ubulungisa nokudansa.
- Yemaya: Umama wamanzi, umvikeli wezilwandle.
- Oshun: Unkulunkulukazi wothando, wenzalo nemifula.
- Obatala: UMdali womhlaba nommeleli wokuthula.
Amasiko amaSanteria naweYoruba afinyelele ekusabalaleni okukhulu ngale kweCuba, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana nalawa Brasil, Venezuela y United States. Umthelela wayo kwamasiko uhlala uyinsika ebalulekile yobunikazi bemiphakathi eminingi.
Ifa lesiko lesiYoruba eCuba lihlala liphila futhi liqinile kuwo wonke amagumbi esiqhingi. Ukusuka enkolweni nasemculweni kuye kumdanso kanye ne-gastronomy, umthelela wayo ulolonge ubuwena baseCuba, okwenza kube ukubonakaliswa kwe I-Afro-Caribbean syncretism. Naphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka yobugqila nokucindezelwa, AmaYoruba akwazi ukugcina ifa lawo, ukuyidlulisela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umlando namasiko ayo kuhlala kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseCuba.
