Osomkhathi abane be- Imishini u-Artemis II Sebevele befikile eKennedy Space Center ye-NASA eCape Canaveral, eFlorida, ukuze babhekane nezinsuku zokugcina ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kokujikeleza kwenyanga. Ukufika kwabo kuphawula ukuqala kwesigaba esiqinile sokuhlukaniswa kanye nesigaba sokugcina sohlelo oluzobona abantu bebuyela endaweni yenyanga eminyakeni engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu ngemva kuka-Apollo.
Ngale ndiza lokuhlola, i-NASA ihlose kukhombisa ukuthi i-Orion spacecraft kanye ne-SLS rocket sebekulungele imisebenzi yesikhathi eside esikhaleni esijulile. Izinsuku ezingaba yishumi, abasebenzi bazohamba ngesivinini esikhulu bezungeza isathelayithi yemvelo, bedlula ohlangothini lwayo olude bese bebuyela eMhlabeni ngemva kokufinyelela ibanga eliyingqopha-mlando ukusuka eplanethini yethu.
Abalingiswa abaphambili balolu hambo yilaba Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch noJeremy HansenBasuka eHouston baya ogwini olusempumalanga yeFlorida begibele izindiza ze-T-38 Talon, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Lapho befika eCape Canaveral, sebevele begqoke amasudi abo asemkhathini, bakhuluma nabezindaba kanye nomphathi we-NASA kanye nezikhulu ezivela ezinkampanini ezisebenzisana nabo.
Umphathi wemishini, reid wisemanUfingqe umoya walolu hlelo ngokuqaphela ukuthi ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kungenye yezinsika zalo. Ngokombono wakhe, uma isintu sifuna ukuthuthuka ekuhloleni isikhala futhi siqhubekele phambili, "kufanele sikwenze ndawonye," ebhekisela ekubambisaneni phakathi kwe-NASA, i-Canadian Space Agency, kanye nabalingani baseYurophu ngaphakathi kwe-Artemis.
Ngaphezu kwaleso sici sezepolitiki, uWiseman wagcizelela ukuthi iqembu lizizwa lilungele inselelo, yize akukuvimbeli ukulungiswa komzuzu wokugcina ku ikhalenda yokuqalaIrokhethi ye-SLS kanye ne-Orion spacecraft kudlule ukubuyekezwa okuningi kobuchwepheshe, kodwa umlawuli wagcizelela ukuthi "akukho ziqinisekiso" nokuthi ukuphepha kuza kuqala kunanoma yiluphi usuku olubekwe ohlelweni.
Uhambo lwezinsuku eziyishumi lokuhamba uzungeze iNyanga
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iqembu lizodlala ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokusekela impiloyokulawulwa kwezinsizakusebenza zemikhumbi-mkhathi ezizimele kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zemikhumbi-mkhathi, isinyathelo esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuzama ukufika enyangeni no-Artemis III. I-Orion isivele ibonise amakhono ayo angenawo amasosha, kodwa lokhu kuzoba okokuqala lezo zinhlelo zibhekana nesimo sezulu esijulile sangempela esinabantu abane ebhodini.
Izibalo ze-NASA zibikezela ukuthi i-Artemis II ingaba yi- uhambo olude kakhulu olunabantu emlandwenikudlula irekhodi lika-Apollo 13. Indlela ekhethiwe, ukubuya kwamahhala okuvela eNyangeni, izovumela ukuziphatha kwemoto ukuthi kuhlolwe ebangeni elide kakhulu nasezimweni ezifana kakhulu nalezo ezizohlangatshezwana nazo emisebenzini yesikhathi esizayo ngokuhlala isikhathi eside ekuzungeza kwenyanga.
Kanye nokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, osomkhathi kuzodingeka futhi benze okuphawulwe ngokwesayensi kanye nokuthwebula izithombe kobuso benyanga. Le misebenzi izosebenza njengohlelo lokuzijwayeza umsebenzi wokusebenza ozokwenziwa lapho uhlelo lwe-Artemis luqhubekela ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi esizungezayo (i-Gateway) kanye nesisekelo sesikhathi esizayo ebusweni besathelayithi.
Indiza iyingxenye ye imephu yomgwaqo ebanzi, lapho i-NASA ihlanganisa khona imisebenzi yayo kanye izinsizakalo zokuthutha izimpahla zezentengiselwano eNyangeni. Umgomo omkhulu ukuhlola ukuthi ubukhona bomuntu obuqhubekayo bungagcinwa yini ngale komjikelezo ophansi woMhlaba, okuvula indlela yohambo oluya eMars nakwezinye izindawo ohlelweni lwelanga.
Ubani Obani Eqenjini Lika-Artemis II
Ithimba le-Artemis II lakhiwe yi izindiza ze-NASA ezintathu kanye neyodwa evela ku-Canadian Space Agency, bakhethwe ngenxa yesipiliyoni sabo sokusebenza kanye nephrofayili engokomfanekiso abayimelelayo kulesi sigaba esisha sokuhlola isikhala.
Umuntu ophetheyo ngu reid wiseman, ukaputeni we-US Navy osethathe umhlalaphansi, onomlando we Izinsuku ezingu-165 eSiteshini Sesikhala Samazwe NgamazweNjengomkhuzi, ekugcineni uzoba nesibopho sokuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nezinqumo ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinhlelo zokujikeleza koMhlaba ngaphambi kokufakwa eNyangeni.
Uhamba naye UVictor GloverUGlover uzosebenza njengomshayeli wendiza yalo mkhankaso. Ngaphambilini wayeshayela indiza ye-SpaceX i-Crew-1 futhi wenza ukuhambahamba emkhathini okuningana eSiteshini Somhlaba Wonke Sesikhala. Ku-Artemis II, uzobe ephethe... yenza izindlela zokushayela ngesandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwemikhumbi-mkhathi, ngaphezu kokuba ngumuntu wokuqala omnyama ukuya ekujuleni komkhathi.
Uchwepheshe wemishini Christina Koch Uletha ulwazi lokuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kowesifazane emkhathini, izinsuku ezingu-328 ejikeleza uMhlaba ophansi. Kulolu hambo, uzodlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni indlela yokuhumusha kanye nokufaka i-translunar. Uzoba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini wenyanga, ingqophamlando enokubaluleka okunamandla okungokomfanekiso ohlelweni luka-Artemis.
Isihlalo sesine sihlalwa ngu UJeremy HansenUngukholoneli eRoyal Canadian Air Force kanye nosomkhathi wokuqala waseCanada ukubamba iqhaza emsebenzini oya eNyangeni. Nakuba engakandizi emkhathini, uneminyaka eminingi yokuqeqeshwa ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphansi kwamanzi, futhi uzoba nesibopho sengxenye enkulu yale ukulungiswa kwendlela kanye nokubonwa kwe-geological phakathi nohambo.
Ukuphepha, ukubambezeleka, kanye nokubala phansi ukuze kuqaliswe
Ekuveleni kwabo bevela eCape Canaveral, amalungu amane eqembu agcizelele ukuthi ukuphepha nokulungiselela Zihlala ziyinto eza kuqala, ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi. UGlover ukufingqe ngokukhumbula ukuthi bonke osomkhathi baqala umsebenzi benomgomo olula kakhulu: ukungenzi amaphutha abeka iqembu noma uhlelo engozini.
I-Artemis II iboshwe ngamaketanga ezinyangeni zamuva nje ukuhlehliswa okuningana kuthathwe ekubuyekezweni kobuchwepheshe ku-rocket ye-SLS, i-capsule ye-Orion, nezinye izinto zesistimu. Lokhu kubambezeleka kuholele ekutheni i-ejensi ihlele kabusha isheduli yokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuthembeka ezidingekayo zokundiza kwabantu eNyangeni.
UWiseman uvumile ukuthi ifasitela lokuqalisa elalihlelelwe ekuqaleni Kungase kubambezeleke ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ngisho nangaphezulu uma kuvela okutholakele okusha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokugcina. Umqondo uwukugwema izingozi ezingadingekile: irokhethi lingase libe seduzane futhi abasebenzi bakulungele, kodwa isimo sezulu noma imininingwane yobuchwepheshe Bangase baphoqe ukuthi uhambo luhlehliswe usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, noma ludluliselwe kwenye inyanga.
Le ndlela yokuqapha ayibhekwa njengesithiyo eqenjini, kodwa njengengxenye yemvelo yephrojekthi enkulu kangaka. UKoch ugcizelele ukuthi Lokhu kuchazwa njengesinyathelo esingeziwe esibheke emgomweni, futhi ukulungiswa kweshejuli kubavumela ukuthi baqinise ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuzilolonga.
Okwamanje, eKennedy Space Center, amalungiselelo okugcina ayaqhubeka eLaunch Complex 39B yomlando, lapho eminye yemisebenzi ye-Apollo yaqala khona. [Akucaci] ukuthi isivele ikhona. Irokhethi ye-SLS ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ne-spacecraft ye-Orion, ilungiselelwe ukufakelwa amandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokulandelana kokuqaliswa kokugcina.
Umsebenzi onomsebenzi wokuhlala unomphela
Ngaphandle komthelela wezindaba wokubuyela kwabantu ekujikelezeni kwenyanga, i-Artemis II ibhekwa njenge isinyathelo emjahweni wokugijima ngokuphindaphindiweUKoch ngokwakhe ukuchaze ngale ndlela: impumelelo yalo msebenzi izoba nengqondo kuphela uma laba abalandelayo nabo bephumelela futhi bevumela ukuhlanganiswa kobukhona obuqhubekayo obuzungeze iNyanga.
Uhlelo lwe-Artemis luhlukile ohlelweni lwe-Apollo lwasendulo ngendlela yalo ubizo lokuqhubeka kanye nokwakhiwa kwezisekelokokubili ekuzuleni nasekubusweni. I-NASA, kanye nabalingani bayo bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani ezizimele, ihlose ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ezovumela ukuhlala isikhathi eside, ukuhlolwa kwesayensi, kanye nokusebenza okukhulu kwempahla endaweni enobutha njengeNyanga.
Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, inhlangano yase-US ihlela ukuthembela kakhulu ku- amarobhothi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwaLezi zimoto zizothatha imisebenzi eminingi eyingozi kakhulu noma ephindaphindwayo. Kusukela ekumbeni nasekuthutheni imikhumbi emikhulu kuya ekwakheni nasekunakekeleni izikhungo, kulindeleke ukuthi imikhumbi yezimoto ezizimele isebenze amasonto amaningi ezindaweni ezimbozwe umthunzi unomphela, ihlola izinsiza futhi ilungisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokufika kwabasebenzi abengeziwe.
I-Artemis II ngeke isazise lezi zinhlelo phezulu, kodwa izosungula ezinye zezinhlelo izinqubo zokusebenza kanye nokusebenzisana kwabantu nomshini okuzosetshenziswa kamuva. Ngakho-ke iNyanga ivelela njengelabhorethri yemvelo yokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obuzoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondile eMhlabeni, kusukela emisebenzini yokutakula ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu kuya ekuphathweni okuzimele kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Kulo mongo, umsebenzi oqala ukubala phansi manje awugcini ngokuphinda isenzo sokufinyelela eNyangeni, kodwa kunalokho Kuvula isigaba esisha endleleni esisebenza ngayo esikhaleni, eduze nokuphila okuhlala njalo phakathi kwabantu nezinhlelo ezizimele kunochungechunge lokuvakashela amafulegi ezitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi
Omunye wemiyalezo abahleli bohlelo abebefuna ukuyigcizelela kakhulu yi- ubukhulu bomhlaba wonke buka-ArtemisNgaphezu kweCanada, enikela kokubili uHansen kanye nabasebenzi ababalulekile bokusekela, i-European Space Agency ihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamamojula esevisi e-Orion nezinye izakhi zomklamo wemishini, okubeka iYurophu phambili kulokhu kubuyela eNyangeni.
I-Canadian Space Agency ngokwayo iqoke UJenni Gibbons njengosomkhathi osekelayo ku-Artemis II. Nakuba engeke andize ngaphandle kokuthi kube nokuhoxa ngomzuzu wokugcina, uthole ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo noHansen futhi uzosebenza njengeCapcom, izwi elixhumana nokulawula umsebenzi nethimba, njengommeleli wokuqala wenhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ukwenza lo msebenzi.
I-NASA iphinde yalungiselela ukumbozwa okuningiliziwe kwazo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi ngesiteshi sayo se-YouTube kanye neplatifomu ye-NASA+. Kuzoba nokusakazwa ngesiNgisi nangesiSpanishi, okuzohlanganisa konke kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamarokhethi kanye nokwethulwa ngokwako kuya ezigabeni ezibalulekile zokundiza, kanye nokuphakelwa bukhoma kanye nokubukwa okuvela emkhathini noma nini lapho i-bandwidth ivuma.
Abezindaba kanye nomphakathi onentshisekelo bazokwazi ukulandelela isikhundla sika-Orion ngesikhathi sangempela, babheke ibhulogi esemthethweni ye-Artemis, futhi bafinyelele okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia okubuyekeziwe kulo lonke uhambo lwezinsuku eziyishumi. [Ulwazi olungekho - okungenzeka ukuthi luyingxenye noma isici esihlukile] nalo luvuliwe. uhlelo lwezivakashi olubonakalayoenikeza izinto zokwazisa, izaziso mayelana nokushintsha kweshejuli kanye nesitembu sesikhumbuzo uma ukuqaliswa sekuqediwe.
Kwabanyathelisi kanye nochwepheshe emkhakheni wesikhala eYurophu nakwezinye izifunda, i-ejensi igcina iziteshi ezithile zokuxhumana kanye nezokugunyazwa, yize izinsuku zokugcina zokumbozwa mathupha Amathikithi okwethulwa kweFlorida asephelelwe yisikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukubamba iqhaza kude ngamapulatifomu edijithali kuzoba yindlela eyinhloko yokulandela eduze zonke izinyathelo zabasebenzi.
Njengoba osomkhathi befika eKennedy Space Center, irokhethi ye-SLS imi iqonde phezulu ku-launch pad 39B, kanye nesimiso esigcwele sokuzijwayeza, izingqungquthela zabezindaba, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina, I-Artemis II ingena esigabeni sayo esinqumayoUhambo oluzothatha uWiseman, uGlover, uKoch, noHansen luzungeze iNyanga ngeke lubuyisele isintu esimweni esingakaze sinyathele kuso kusukela ngawo-1970, kodwa luzosebenza njengendawo yokuhlola ukuba khona okuqhubekayo esibhakabhakeni esijulile, okusekelwa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha, okuzoshintsha impilo eMhlabeni ngokushesha noma kamuva.
