Ithimba lososayensi bamazwe ngamazwe eliholwa yiSeville likwazile ukuklama nanoparticles zensimbi iyakwazi ukuqeda amabhaktheriya e-Staphylococcus aureusLeli gciwane, elibangela izifo eziningi ezitholakala esibhedlela futhi elibonisa ukumelana okwandayo nama-antibiotic avamile, liqinisekiswe elabhorethri futhi libhekwa njengenye indlela yokulwa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-superbugs," enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zezempilo ezibhedlela eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Ucwaningo, oluhlanganiswe yi-Institute of Chemical Research, isikhungo esihlangene se- I-CSIC kanye neNyuvesi yaseSevilleIphakamisa indlela ehlukile kuma-antibiotic ajwayelekile: ama-biomimetic antimicrobial agents, aphefumulelwe yizinqubo zemvelo futhi akhiwe kusukela izinto ezincane ezihlanganiswe nama-biomolecule e-organicNakuba kusesesigabeni sokuhlola, lolu cwaningo lubeka isisekelo sezindlela zokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo ezihlose ukutheleleka okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinye izifo lapho ukumelana kudala inkinga ekhulayo.
Iphrojekthi yaseYurophu yokunciphisa ukutheleleka kwesibhedlela okungamelani nokumelana
Lo msebenzi wenziwe ngenxa yokubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo eziningana zaseYurophu kanye nesikhungo saseJalimane, ngobuholi obucacile base-Andalusia. Kanye ne-Institute of Chemical Research, okulandelayo kuye kwabamba iqhaza: Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal), University of Toulouse (France), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Germany) kanye Autonomous University of BarcelonaLe nethiwekhi yezikhungo ibonisa ukukhathazeka okufanayo eYurophu mayelana nokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial kanye nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kwama-antibiotic.
Amabhaktheriya ahlosiwe yilolu cwaningo, I-staphylococcus aureusI-Staphylococcus aureus ingenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo, kusukela ezinkingeni zesikhumba kuya ezimweni ezimbi njenge-pneumonia noma ukutheleleka kwendawo yokuhlinzwa. Ezinye zezinhlobo zayo, njenge-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-methicillin, sezibe yinkinga enkulu ezibhedlela eziningi ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okulinganiselwe kuma-antibiotic asetshenziswa njalo.
Libhekene nalesi simo, ithimba lafuna ukwakha i-ejenti eyayizoba isebenza ngokumelene namagciwane ayinkinga, kodwa ikhetha futhi inobuthi obuphansiNgamanye amazwi, uhlelo olungeke luhlasele ngokungakhethi ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezizuzisayo emzimbeni noma lukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamandla nokunemba kungenye yezinhloso ezinkulu zocwaningo lwamanje lwamagciwane.
Lolu cwaningo lushicilelwe esihlokweni sesayensi kumagazini i-Inorganic Chemistry, esichaza kabanzi ngesakhiwo sezinhlayiya ezincane, inqubo yazo yokwenziwa, kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwe ukuze kulinganiswe umsebenzi wazo. Lesi sinyathelo siphinde sathola ukwesekwa ngezimali [enhlanganweni/esikhungweni esifanele]. UMnyango Wemanyuvesi, Ucwaningo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kahulumeni Wesifunda sase-Andalusia kanye nemali evela kwi-Institute of Chemical Research uqobo.
Izingxenye ezimbili ezingenawo umphumela wokulwa namagciwane ezisebenza ndawonye
Umqondo oyinhloko walo msebenzi usekelwe enhlanganisela, lapho uqala ukuyibuka, engase ibonakale iphikisana nomqondo: i-metal kanye ne-organic molecule ezingabonakalisi umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwaneKodwa uma zihlanganiswa ku-nanoscale, ziba yi-ejenti ekwazi ukuqeda i-Staphylococcus aureus. Leli cebo lincike emphumeleni wokubambisana, lapho ukubambisana phakathi kwezingxenye zombili kudala khona isici esisha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abacwaningi basebenzisa izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ze-ruthenium nanoparticlesI-Ruthenium, insimbi evame ukusetshenziswa kumakhemikhali kanye ne-catalysis ukusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ingenye yezingxenye. Enye ihlanganisa i-molecule ephilayo etholakala ku-uracil, isisekelo esikhona ezintweni zofuzo zezinto eziphilayo. Nakuba i-ruthenium kanye nalesi sici se-uracil zingasebenzi njenge-antibiotic zodwa, ukuziphatha kwazo kuyashintsha ngokuphelele uma zihlanganiswa nesakhiwo esisodwa.
Ama-nanoparticles aphumayo ambozwe yile molekyuli yezinto eziphilayo, esebenza njenge-ligand ethile ebusweni bensimbi. Ucwaningo luchaza ukuthi le ndlela yokubopha idala indawo ethile yamakhemikhali ezungeze insimbi, ebangela ikhono lokukhetha ukuhlasela amagciwane e-Staphylococcus aureusUhlelo lusebenza njengokungathi luyidivayisi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, elungiswe kahle ukuze ibone futhi yonakalise uhlobo oluthile lwe-microorganism.
Ngokusho kwababhali, umphumela obonwe awuchazwa kuphela ngokuba khona kwensimbi noma i-biomolecule, kodwa ngendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo ku-nanoscale. Le ndlela yokuklama izinto zokulwa namagciwane, ifuna ukubambisana phakathi kwezingxenye eziningana "ezibonakala zingasebenzi" ngazinye, iwela ngaphakathi kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amasu e-biomimetic, ezizama ukulingisa noma ukuphefumulelwa yizixazululo imvelo ngokwayo eziye zazakha phakathi nokuvela kwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kokufaneleka kwayo ngokumelene ne-Staphylococcus aureus, le ndlela ivula umnyango wokuhlola ezinye izinsimbi kanye nama-biomolecule e-organic ukuze kutholakale izinhlelo ezifanayo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene. Eqinisweni, ithimba lisikisela ukuthi, esikhathini esizayo, bangaklama izinto ezintsha ezinomsebenzi wokulwa nokubola, wokulwa nomdlavuza noma wokulwa namagciwane ivumelaniswe nezidingo ezahlukene zemitholampilo.
Indlela elula, ephumelelayo, futhi yokuhlanganisa ukukhishwa okuphansi komoya
Esinye sezici ezigcizelelwa kakhulu yilabo abaphethe umsebenzi ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza yalezi zinhlayiya ezincane ayidingi amasu ayinkimbinkimbi noma izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bathuthukise indlela elula yokuhlanganisa eyenziwa ngesinyathelo esisodwa futhi ku-reactor eyodwa, into ebalulekile uma ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kuzocatshangelwa esikhathini esizayo.
Inqubo iqala kusukela ku- isandulela se-rutheniumOkusho ukuthi, i-compound equkethe insimbi isebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokwakha ama-nanoparticles, futhi ihlanganisa lokhu ne-molecule etholakala ku-uracil etholakala ku-DNA. Le biomolecule idlala indima ekabili: ngaphezu kokubopha ebusweni bensimbi, isebenza njenge-"mold" yangempela ezinza futhi zilawule ubukhulu bezinhlayiya njengoba zakhiwa.
Ukuqhathanisa okusetshenziswe abacwaningi kucacile impela: i-uracil derivative isebenza njenge- isithako esiyinhloko ku-recipeNjengoba i-ruthenium ingezwa, le ngxenye yezinto eziphilayo iqondisa indlela ama-athomu ensimbi ahlangana ngayo ndawonye, ​​ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwamabhulokhi amakhulu angalahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo okuningi. Lokhu kuphumela enanini elifanayo lama-nanoparticles.
Ngokombono ongokoqobo, le ndlela inikeza izinzuzo eziningana: Kwenziwa ekushiseni okuphansi, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza engadingekile, futhi kugxilisa yonke inqubo ku-reactor eyodwa.Lezi zici zenza kube inketho elula yokukhulisa futhi engase ibe sesimweni esizinzile kunezinye izinhlelo zokwenziwa kwezinto ezincane, lapho kudingeka khona izinyathelo eziningi, ama-reagent engeziwe, noma izimo ezinolaka kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa usayizi wezinhlayiya nakho kubalulekile ekuziphatheni kwazo kwezinto eziphilayo. Kulokhu, ikhono lokulungisa nokugcina usayizi omncane kakhulu lihlobene ngqo nokusebenza kwazo ngokumelene namagciwane afundwe, njengoba kwaqinisekiswa kamuva yizivivinyo zelebhu eziqhathanisa izinhlayiya ezincane zobubanzi obuhlukene.
Zinjani lezi zinhlayiya ezincane ze-ruthenium futhi zihlelwe kanjani?
Lapho izinto sezihlanganisiwe, ithimba labacwaningi lasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuchaza ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi likutholile ngempela lokho elalikufuna. Inhloso yokuqala kwakuwukuqinisekisa usayizi kanye nesimo sezinhlayiya ezincaneNgale njongo, kwasetshenziswa izindlela ze-microscopy ezinesinqumo esiphezulu ezikwazi ukubheka izakhiwo esikalini se-athomu.
Besebenzisa i-electron microscopy, ososayensi baqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya zazikhona incane kakhulu, ichazwe kahle futhi inesakhiwo sangaphakathi esihlelekileUkuhlelwa kwama-athomu ngaphakathi kukhombisile iphethini yekristalu abacwaningi abayiqhathanisa nokuhleleka okuvamile kwamaseli ebhodweni lezinyosi. Lokhu kwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kusiza izinhlayiya ukuthi zihlale zizinzile futhi kuzivimbele ekuqhekekeni noma ekuhlanganeni kalula.
Kanye nokubuka okuqondile, ithimba liphinde lenza izibalo zethiyori kanye nokulingisa ngamathuluzi ekhompyutha athuthukileLezi zindlela zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukutadisha ukuthi i-molecule etholakala ku-uracil inamathela kanjani ebusweni be-ruthenium nanoparticles, ukuthi isungula luphi uhlobo lwezibopho, nokuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuthinta kanjani indawo yamakhemikhali yensimbi.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa okuhlangene, okuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlola kanye namamodeli emfundiso, kusiza ukuqonda ngokujulile ubudlelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo sezinto kanye nomsebenzi wazo wokulwa namagciwaneNgakho-ke, akwaziwa nje kuphela ukuthi ama-nanoparticles asebenza ngokumelene namagciwane aqondiwe, kodwa futhi nokuthi yiziphi izici ezithile zomklamo wawo ezibonakala zibalulekile ukuze lokhu kwenzeke.
Ukuqonda le mininingwane kubalulekile uma, kamuva, amapharamitha anjengohlobo lwensimbi, i-ligand ephilayo, noma usayizi wezinhlayiya kufanele aguqulwe ukuze avumelanise uhlelo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha. Ngalo mqondo, umsebenzi awugcini ekuchazeni icala elihlukile, kodwa kunalokho unikeza izinkomba zokuthi yiziphi izakhi okufanele zigcinwe nokuthi yiziphi ezingashintshwa ekushintsheni kwesikhathi esizayo.
Umsebenzi okhethekile kakhulu wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-Staphylococcus aureus
Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuhlola amandla ezinhlayiya ezincane kwakuhilela ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwazo ngezinto ezahlukene zokubhekisela. Abacwaningi baqhathanisa okususelwa ku-uracil ehlukanisiwe, i-ruthenium complex efanayo, ama-nanoparticles angagqokwanga ngokwemvelo, kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu ngezinhlayiya eziklanyelwe ngqo lolu cwaningo.
Imiphumela yayicacile: Ama-nanoparticle amancane kakhulu ambozwe nge-molecule etholakala ku-uracil kuphela abonise umsebenzi omuhle wokulwa namagciwane.Ezinye izinhlobo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-biomolecule, usayizi omkhulu, noma ukuba khona kwazo njengezingxenye ezihlukene, azizange zinikeze umphumela ofanayo ngokumelene ne-Staphylococcus aureus.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isenzo esibonwe sasingesona esingenakukhetha. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kubonise ukuthi lawa ma-nanoparticles asebenza ngendlela ethile. ukukhetha kakhulu i-Staphylococcus aureus, okubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanye amagciwane kufakiwe ocwaningweni. Lokhu kucaciswa kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ngoba ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu anobubanzi obubanzi futhi angathinta nama-microorganisms awusizo.
Ngokombono wezokwelapha, ukuba nama-ejenti ahlasela igciwane elithile kungasiza ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi futhi kunciphise ingcindezi ekhethiwe kwamanye amagciwaneLokhu ekugcineni kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kokumelana. Njengoba abacwaningi besho, elinye lamasu ahlolwa emhlabeni wonke ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali asebenza ngendlela eqondiwe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Le ndlela ihambisana nokuthambekela kokwelashwa okwenzelwe wena ngokwakho okwenzelwe uhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka. Nakuba kusenendlela ende okufanele ihambe kusukela ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri kuya ekusetshenzisweni ekugcineni ezigulini, idatha etholakele ikhombisa ukuthi Kungenzeka ukuklama izinto ezincane ukuze zisebenze ngokumelene nama-microorganism athile kakhulu., umqondo ongasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithathelwanayo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo kanye nezicelo ezingaba khona zezokwelapha eYurophu
Ngemva kokubonisa ukusebenza kahle nokukhetha kwalezi zinhlayiya ezincane elabhorethri, iqembu locwaningo selivele lisebenza ku- izinhlanganisela ezintsha ze-biomimetic ezihlanganisa ezinye i-biomolecule eziphilayo kanye nezinsimbi ezahlukeneInhloso ukwandisa ububanzi bezinto ezitholakalayo nokuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingaba usizo kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka noma izicubu eziqondiwe.
Phakathi kwemigqa engaba khona yentuthuko kukhona izinto ezinomsebenzi wokulwa nokubola noma wokulwa nomdlavuzaNgaphezu kwezinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane ezihlose ezinye izifo ezivame ukumelana namagciwane ezitholakala ezibhedlela zaseYurophu, ukuguquguquka kwendlela, ngokusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-metal kanye ne-organic ligand, kwenza kube lula ukuzivumelanisa nomklamo nezinselele ezahlukene zezempilo.
Esimweni saseYurophu, lapho Ukumelana namagciwane kuyinto eza kuqala empilweni yomphakathi Ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), intuthuko yalolu hlobo iqinisa indima yezikhungo zocwaningo zaseSpain, ePortugal, eFrance naseJalimane ekufuneni izixazululo ezivamile. ISpain, enengcindezi ephezulu yama-antibiotic kwezinye izindawo zezokwelapha, ingazuza kakhulu emathuluzini amasha asiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okunzima ukukuphatha esibhedlela.
Kusukela e-Andalusia, ukwesekwa kwezikhungo ngoMnyango Weyunivesithi, Ucwaningo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha kuvumele lo msebenzi ukuthi wenziwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwe uxhaso lwezifunda kanye nezinsizakusebenza ze-Institute of Chemical ResearchLokhu kuzibophezela ekusebenziseni isayensi ezinkingeni ezithile zezempilo kuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-laboratory nezidingo zangempela zezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Nakuba kusesekusha kakhulu ukukhuluma ngezicelo zezokwelapha ezisheshayo, umsebenzi ubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuklama izinhlayiya zensimbi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze zihlasele amagciwane asesibhedlela athile kakhuluKusetshenziswa izindlela zokwenziwa ezilula kanye nezinqubo eziphumelelayo, lezi zinto, uma ziqinisekiswa ezifundweni zesikhathi esizayo kanye nezivivinyo zangaphambi kokwelashwa, zingafakwa ezizukulwaneni ezintsha zokwelapha, izembozo zezindawo zasesibhedlela, noma amadivayisi ezokwelapha anezakhiwo ezithile zokulwa namagciwane.
Uma sibheka ndawonye, ​​lolu cwaningo oluholwa yiSeville lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chemistry, i-nanotechnology kanye ne-biology kungaholela kanjani Amasu amasha okulwa nokutheleleka kwesibhedlela okungamelani nokutheleleka, ivula ithuba lokubhekana nenye yezinselele ezinkulu zezempilo eSpain naseYurophu ngamathuluzi angewona ama-antibiotic endabuko.
