I-Wi -Fi ibalulekile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke : ukusebenza ekhaya, amakilasi aku-inthanethi, ukusakaza ama-movie, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, izingcingo zevidiyo nomndeni… Uma isebenza kahle, asicabangi ngisho nangayo, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho iqala ukwehluleka, indlu yonke iba yisiphithiphithi. Abantu abaningi abangakwazi ukuthi, ngaphezu kwesivinini abasikhokhelayo, kunezinto eziningi emakhaya abo ezingalimaza inethiwekhi yabo ngaphandle kokuthi baqaphele.
Ikhaya lakho ligcwele izindonga, ifenisha, izinto zikagesi, namadivayisi angenantambo anganciphisa ijubane, aguqule, noma avimbele ngokuphelele isignali ye-router yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga ilula njenge-microwave endala, i-aquarium ebekwe kabi, noma isibuko esikhulu esisebenza njengesibuko. Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela amanethiwekhi angomakhelwane, i-router endala, noma ukucushwa okungalungile. Ake sibheke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokushaya indlwabu, kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo noma ubani angazisebenzisa.
Izinto zansuku zonke ezilimaza i-Wi-Fi yakho ngaphandle kokuthi wena wazi
Ekhaya, siphila sizungezwe amadivayisi akhipha amaza omsakazo. Amaningi alawa maza asebenza kumaza afanayo asetshenziswa yi-Wi-Fi , ikakhulukazi ibhendi engu-2,4 GHz, evame kakhulu kuma-router amadala namadivayisi amaningi axhunyiwe. Lapho izimpawu eziningana zincintisana ebangeni elifanayo lamaza, kuyehla ama-out, kuncishiswe isivinini, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane, okonakalisa ikholi yevidiyo noma umdlalo oku-inthanethi.
Izinto zasekhaya namadivayisi aphazamisa i-Wi-Fi
Esinye sezitha ezinkulu kakhulu zakudala i- microwave oven . Isebenza cishe cishe ku-2,4 GHz, ibhendi efanayo namanethiwekhi amaningi e-Wi-Fi asekhaya kanye ne-Bluetooth. Uma ivuliwe, ikakhulukazi uma indala noma inomnyango ogobile kancane noma uphawu olugugile, ingakhipha eminye yaleyo misebe futhi iphazamise isiteshi lapho inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ikhona khona.
Kwakukhona ngisho necala elidumile endaweni yokuhlola yase-Australia lapho, iminyaka eminingi, izazi zezinkanyezi zabona ukuqhuma komsakazo okungaqondakali abanye abathi kubangelwa yizinto zasemkhathini… kwaze kwaba yilapho bethola ukuthi kuvela ku-microwave yegumbi lokuphumula lapho othile evula umnyango ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Akuyona nje indaba exakile: ichaza kahle indlela umshini olula ongaphazamisa ngayo isignali yomsakazo, okuhlanganisa neye-router yakho.
Akuyona yodwa. Amafoni e-DECT angenazintambo avame ukusebenza eduze kakhulu ne-2,4 GHz. Ngenxa yokuthi asebenza njalo lapho isisekelo sixhunyiwe, angaba umthombo oqhubekayo wokuphazamiseka, ikakhulukazi uma eseduze ne-router. Kuvamile ukuqaphela ukuthi uxhumano luyawohloka noma luyehla uma usebenzisa ifoni.
Amakhamera okuphepha e-Wi-Fi kanye nama-baby monitor ayinkinga enkulu kulokhu, njengoba eqhubeka nokudlulisa ividiyo nomsindo. Lokhu kusho ukugeleza kwedatha okuqhubekayo okudla ingxenye yomsakazo wenethiwekhi yakho kanye ne-bandwidth. Uma unamakhamera amaningi noma i-baby monitor endala engenantambo, cishe uzobona i-Wi-Fi yakho ihamba kancane noma ingazinzile.
Izipikha ze -Bluetooth , ama-soundbar, abalawuli, namanye amadivayisi angenantambo nawo anegalelo kule nkinga. Nakuba zisebenzisa uhlelo oluhlukile, zabelana ngebhendi efanayo yemvamisa, futhi uma ziseduze ne-router, zingakhulisa umsindo wangemuva inethiwekhi okufanele iwuphathe, okubangela ukushayisana kwamaphakethe amaningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kokusebenza.
Izithiyo zomzimba: izindonga, ama-aquarium, insimbi, nezibuko
Ngaphandle kwesici "sokusebenzisa i-radioelectric", kunesici esivame ukungasinaki: indlela ebonakalayo isignali ethathwa yi-router kusuka ku-router kuya kufoni yakho ephathekayo, i-laptop, noma i-TV. Amagagasi e-Wi-Fi ayawohloka ngebanga, kodwa futhi nalapho edlula ezintweni ezimunca noma eziphambukisa amandla.
Esinye sezimo ezixakile kakhulu yileso samanzi . I-Wi-Fi namanzi akuhlangani kahle. Ama-molecule amanzi asebenza njengama-magnet amancane, amunca amandla athile avela kumaza omsakazo. Uma une-aquarium noma ithangi elikhulu lezinhlanzi phakathi kwe-router nedivayisi yakho, kudalwa uhlobo "lwesithunzi sesignali": ngemuva kwalowo mthamo wamanzi, isignali yehla kakhulu noma inyamalale.
Kwenzeka into efanayo ngezindonga ezijiyile ezenziwe ngezitini, amatshe, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe, noma ukuvikela insimbi . Lezi zinto zinzima kakhulu ukungena kune-partition ye-plasterboard noma umnyango wokhuni. Ezindlini ezindala noma ezakhiweni zesimanje ezineziphahla ezifaka amashidi ensimbi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, umphumela ungafana nekheji laseFaraday: isignali ivalelekile noma yonakele kakhulu.
Ifenisha yensimbi kanye nezindawo zayo —amashalofu, amatafula ensimbi, ama-radiator, izakhiwo zangaphakathi, ozimele bamafasitela e-aluminium—kungenye inkinga ebuhlungu. Insimbi isebenza njengomqhubi; ingabonakalisa, ivimbe, noma isakaze amaza, futhi ivame ukumunca amandla athile. Uma ubeka i-router yakho etafuleni lensimbi noma uyivalela phakathi kwefenisha enozimele wensimbi, uphazamisa kakhulu isignali.
Izibuko kanye nezindawo ezinkulu ezibonisa ukukhanya (njengama-TV amakhulu abekwe ngqo phambi kwe-router) kungabangela ukukhanya okungafuneki. Isignali iyabuya, ithathe izindlela ezingavamile, futhi lapho imizila ehlukene ihlangana, kudalwa ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi, okwehlisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhambisa nje isibuko noma i-TV kancane kwanele ukususa ngokushesha indawo efile ekhaya lakho.
Isimo sezulu, izikhungo zangaphandle kanye namanethiwekhi angomakhelwane
Isimo sezulu sidlala indima , nakuba kungesona isici esiyinhloko emakhaya amaningi asemadolobheni. Imvula evamile akufanele ithinte i-Wi-Fi yangaphakathi ngaphandle kokuthi uxhuma kwesinye isakhiwo ngomsakazo. Kodwa-ke, iqhwa eliningi, ukuqongelela kweqhwa ezitsheni zesathelayithi, noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu kungalimaza izingxenye noma kuvimbele amasignali omsakazo wangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezixhumanisweni zesathelayithi noma zomsakazo wasemakhaya.
Ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ukushisa okukhulu, noma iziphepho , izingxenye zengqalasizinda ezinikeza isevisi yakho (izintambo, ama-antenna, imishini emgwaqweni) zingahluleka futhi zibangele ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukwehluleka okubanzi. Lokhu akukhona ukuphazamiseka kwe-Wi-Fi ngaphakathi kwegumbi lakho lokuphumula, kodwa ngokombono wakho, uphawu lufana: inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ixhunyiwe, kodwa i-inthanethi ayiphenduli noma ayisebenzi kahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezakhiweni zamafulethi, kuvamile ukuthi ikhaya lakho lizungezwe amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi angomakhelwane . Uma wonke esebenzisa ibhendi efanayo (2,4 GHz) kanye neziteshi eziseduze, ukugcwala kwe-spectrum kungaba phezulu kakhulu ngezikhathi ezimatasa (kusihlwa nasebusuku), lapho wonke umuntu exhuma ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kuxinana kuholela ekubambezelekeni okuphezulu, isivinini esingaguquki kakhulu, kanye nokuphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuba namadivayisi amaningi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho nakho kudlala indima : omakhalekhukhwini, amathebhulethi, ama-laptop, ama-TV, ama-game consoles, izipikha, amakhamera, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ekhaya... Ngayinye isebenzisa isabelo sayo se-bandwidth, iphoqa i-router ukuthi iphathe ithrafikhi eningi. Uma, ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amadivayisi amadala esebenzisa amazinga e-Wi-Fi aphelelwe yisikhathi, aphoqa i-router ukuthi isebenze kancane ukuze igcine ukuhambisana, futhi lonke uhlelo luyahlupheka.
Ungabona kanjani ukuthi inkinga yakho ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-Wi-Fi
Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka zivamile. Kuvamile ukubona izinguquko zesivinini ezisheshayo : uphequlula ngaphandle kwenkinga ekuseni, kodwa kuyadonsa ntambama, noma ukusakaza kuyanqamuka uma uvula ithuluzi elithile (njenge-microwave). Esinye isibonakaliso ukunqamuka okuvamile ngesikhathi sezingcingo zevidiyo, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, noma amapulatifomu okusakaza ividiyo.
Uma inkinga iqala endaweni ye-Wi-Fi hhayi kunkampani yakho yeselula, kuvamile ukuthi inkomba yamandla esignali (imigoqo eminingi) ibonise ukumbozwa okuhle , kodwa ukuthi amakhasi athathe isikhathi eside kakhulu ukulayisha, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela zihlushwa ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ekamelweni elithile, okuvame ukukhombisa inhlanganisela yezithiyo zomzimba kanye nokubonakaliswa kwesignali okungavamile.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuxilongwa kwakho, ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlaziya inethiwekhi ezifana ne-WiFi Analyzer (Android), i-NetSpot (Windows/Mac), noma amathuluzi afanayo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zikukhombisa ukuthi yimaphi amanethiwekhi aseduze, ukuthi akuziphi iziteshi, amandla esignali, ikhwalithi ngegumbi, ngisho namagrafu e-spectrum akusiza ukuthi ubone lapho isiteshi sigcwele kakhulu.
Enye indlela ewusizo ukuhlola ukubambezeleka kanye nokuqina koxhumano lwakho . Ukuhlola isivinini ngamathuluzi afana ne-Speedtest kukuvumela ukuthi ubone hhayi isivinini sakho ngama-megabits ngomzuzwana kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-ping yakho (isikhathi sokuphendula). Uma i-ping yakho iguquguquka kakhulu noma ikhuphuka uma uvula amadivayisi athile noma uthuthela kwenye ingxenye yendlu, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nokuphazamiseka.
Okokugcina, uma ubona ukuthi une -Wi-Fi kodwa awunayo i-inthanethi (uxhuma kunethiwekhi, kodwa amawebhusayithi amasha awalayishi), kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi inkinga ikukuxhumeka okungenantambo noma ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukufaka i-pin ku-router yakho bese kuba iwebhusayithi yangaphandle: uma i-router isebenza kahle, kodwa konke okunye kwehluleka, inkinga ivame ukuba ku-ISP yakho noma endleleni yokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi; uma ngisho ne-router ingasebenzi kahle, inkinga ikwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi uqobo.
Ukubekwa kanye nokucushwa kwe-router: isisekelo sayo yonke into
Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufanelekile ukuhlola indawo ye-router . Abantu abaningi bayishiya lapho umfakisi eyibeka khona: ekhoneni, ephasishi, efihliwe ngaphakathi kwekhabethe, noma ilele phansi. Lokho cishe kuyisiqinisekiso sezindawo ezifile kanye nesignali embi.
Kungcono kakhulu, yibeke endaweni ephakathi endlini yakho futhi iphakame ngendlela efanele , isibonelo, eshalofini elivulekile. Uma kunezithiyo ezimbalwa ezizungezile (izindonga ezijiyile, izinto zikagesi ezinkulu, izibuko, ifenisha yensimbi), kulapho isignali izosakazwa khona kangcono. Gwema ukuyibeka eduze kwe-microwave, isiqandisi, ifoni engenantambo, noma ngemuva kwethelevishini.
Enye imininingwane elula ukuhlola ukuma kanye nesimo sama-antenna . Kuma-router anama-antenna angaphandle, lawa angakhululeka noma aqaqeke kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukudluliselwa. Qiniseka ukuthi anamathele kahle futhi uwabeke ngezindlela ezahlukene (isibonelo, enye iqonde phezulu kanti enye ithambeke kancane) ukuze amboze kangcono izitezi noma amakamelo ahlukene.
Uma indlu yakho inkulu, inezitezi eziningana, noma izindonga ezijiyile kakhulu, i-router eyodwa ephakathi ingase inganele. Kuleso simo, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukucabangela izandisi zesignali, izindawo zokufinyelela ezengeziwe, noma uhlelo lwe-Wi-Fi Mesh , olusabalalisa inethiwekhi kuma-node amaningi futhi lunciphise kakhulu izindawo ezifile. Izixazululo ze-Mesh zanamuhla zilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuguquka kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye futhi ngokuvamile zibekezelela ukuphazamiseka kangcono.
Ungakhohlwa uhlangothi lwesofthiwe: ukufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-router yakho ukuze ushintshe isiteshi futhi ubuyekeze i-firmware kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa ne-Wi-Fi yomakhelwane bakho kanye neziphazamiso zangaphakathi. Abakhiqizi bahlala bethuthukisa indlela ama-router aphatha ngayo ukuphazamiseka futhi abeke phambili ithrafikhi, ngakho-ke ukuba nenguqulo yakamuva kubalulekile, kokubili ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni.
Amathiphu awusizo okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka nokuthuthukisa i-Wi-Fi yakho
Uma usuvele ubonile imithombo engaba khona yenkinga, sekuyisikhathi sokugxila ezixazululweni. Enye yezinto eziphumelela kakhulu ukuthuthela ngangokunokwenzeka ebhendini le-5 GHz . Leli bhendi alixinene kakhulu, linikeza isivinini esiphezulu, futhi alinazo iziphazamiso eziningi ezivela kuma-microwave, i-Bluetooth, namanye amadivayisi. Inkinga ukuthi alifinyeleli kahle ibanga elide futhi lingena ezindongeni ngempumelelo, kodwa lisebenza kahle emafulethini noma emakamelweni asondelene.
Kubhendi engu-2,4 GHz, kunconywa kakhulu ukukhetha isiteshi esingenamigoqo eminingi . Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlaziya i-Wi-Fi zizokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi iziteshi ezingenamigoqo eminingi esakhiweni sakho. Ngokufinyelela isikhombimsebenzisi se-router yakho, ungakhetha isiteshi esithile ngesandla esikhundleni sokusishiya sisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo uma uthola ukuthi ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo akusebenzanga kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukushintsha kusuka esiteshini esingenamigoqo uye kwesingamigoqo kakhulu kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuzinzeni.
Esinye isenzo esilula kodwa esinamandla ukuhambisa amadivayisi akhiqiza umsindo kude : uma kungenzeka, hlukanisa i-router yakho ne-microwave, ifoni engenantambo, kanye nezipikha ze-Bluetooth. Uma unezikrini ezincane noma amakhamera amadala asebenza ku-2,4 GHz, cabanga ngokuwathuthukisa noma ukuwahlela kabusha ukuze asebenzise amanye amabhendi noma ubuchwepheshe obungenazinkinga kakhulu.
Ukulawula inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe ngasikhathi sinye nakho kuyasiza. Nqamula noma yini ongayisebenzisi kunethiwekhi, hlola ukuthi abekho omakhelwane noma izivakashi abanokufinyelela unomphela ku-Wi-Fi yakho, futhi, uma i-router yakho ivumela, lungiselela i-Quality of Service (QoS) ukuze ibeke phambili izingcingo zevidiyo, ukusebenza kude, noma ukudlala imidlalo kunokulanda kwangemuva noma izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo.
Emakhaya anamanethiwekhi anzima, ama-Wi-Fi repeaters, ama-adapter kagesi asezingeni eliphezulu, noma izinhlelo ze-mesh zingasindisa impilo. Ama-adapter kagesi akuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izintambo zikagesi ezikhona ukuze wandise inethiwekhi ezindaweni ezikude, yize zisebenza kahle kuphela uma ukufakwa kukagesi kungokwesimanje futhi kusesimweni esihle. Izinhlelo ze-mesh, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinikeza inethiwekhi ehlangene lapho ama-node ehlangana futhi ngokuvamile ephatha ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi kangcono.
Okufanele ukwenze uma inkinga ingeyona i-Wi-Fi (noma hhayi kuphela)
Akuzona zonke izikhathi lapho i-Wi-Fi yakho imbi khona lapho inkinga iba semoyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi umthombo uba yi- router uqobo noma ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi . I-router endala kakhulu ingase ingakwazi ukusingatha isivinini samanje, amazinga esimanje, noma inani lamadivayisi esiwaxhuma kulezi zinsuku. Kulezo zimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhambisa kangakanani ifenisha, inkinga izohlala ikhona.
Ngaphambi kokulahla uhlelo, kufanelekile ukuzama izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuxazulula izinkinga njengokuqalisa kabusha i-router namadivayisi . Ukuzikhipha ekuxhumaneni imizuzwana engama-20-30 nokuzibuyisela ekuxhumaneni kuxazulula izinkinga zangaphakathi futhi kukhulula izinsiza. Ukwenza okufanayo ngefoni yakho, ithebhulethi, noma i-laptop kungalungisa izinkinga zokucushwa kwekhadi lenethiwekhi noma i-Wi-Fi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola izilungiselelo zakho ze-IP kanye ne-DNS . Uma iseva ye-DHCP ye-router yakho ikhutshaziwe, noma idivayisi yakho inekheli le-IP elingaguquki elinikezwe ngendlela engafanele, ungase ubone ukuthi "uxhumekile" kodwa awukwazi ukufinyelela i-inthanethi. Kwenzeka okufanayo nge-DNS: uma amaseva amisiwe ehluleka, amawebhusayithi amasha ngeke alayishe noma ngabe uxhumano lusasebenza. Kulezi zimo, uzobona ukuthi amakhasi kuphela asebevele evuliwe ayasebenza, kanti amanye alenga nje.
Uma uxhumano lwenethiwekhi enezintambo (i-Ethernet) lusebenza kahle, kodwa i-Wi-Fi imbi kakhulu , inkinga isobala ngemojuli engenantambo ye-router noma ukucushwa kwayo. Ingase yonakale, ibe nokulungiselelwa kokuhambisana okungalungile, noma isebenze kwimodi ethinta kabi ukusebenza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma i-Wi-Fi isebenza kahle kodwa uxhumano olunezintambo lungasebenzi, amachweba e-Ethernet angase onakale, noma izintambo zingase zibe nephutha noma uhlobo olungalungile.
Ngemva kokuqeda lezi zinyathelo, uma uqhubeka nokuzwa ukunqamuka, isivinini esisheshayo, noma imiyalezo ethi "i-Wi-Fi yebo, cha ye-inthanethi", isinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi . Bangenza izivivinyo ezikude, bahlole isimo somugqa, babuyekeze izilungiselelo ze-router maphakathi, noma, uma kudingeka, bathumele uchwepheshe ukuthi ahlole ukufakwa okungokoqobo futhi ashintshe imishini enephutha.
Konke esikubonile kukhombisa ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-Wi-Fi incike kakhulu endaweni ezungezile kanye nakubuchwepheshe uqobo : izinto zikagesi, izibuko, amathangi ezinhlanzi, izindonga, amanethiwekhi angomakhelwane, isimo sezulu, ukugcwala kwebhendi, indawo ye-router, isimo se-firmware, kanye nemishini uqobo. Ngokudlala ngazo zonke lezi zici nokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okucatshangelwe kahle, ungaguqula inethiwekhi engazinzile, evame ukuyeka ibe uxhumano oluqinile, olusheshayo, olukwazi ukuhambisana kalula nesivinini sedijithali somndeni wonke.
