Enkabeni yeWestern Pacific kukhona iKiribati, izwe lama-atolls elikwazile ukuguqula ukushoda kwezinsiza kube into ekhazimulayo nesiko elingokomfanekiso. Phakathi kwezihlahla zesundu zikakhukhunathi, amachweba nezixhobo eziwugwadule, abantu baseKiribati bakha indawo yonke lapho izingubo zokugqoka, imidanso kanye nobuciko bokulwa Baxoxisana nomlando, ukholo kanye nendawo yemvelo enhle njengoba intekenteke.
Ngale kwamakhadi e-Kiritimati naseTarawa, kucashe amasiko anezimpande ezijulile: izikhali ezilukwe ngefiber kakhukhunathi, izigqoko zokuzivikela ezenziwe nge-pufferfish, izinkemba ezenziwe ngamazinyo oshaka, nemidanso elingisa ukundiza kwezinyoni ezingama-frigate. Konke lokhu kuhlangene namuhla nezinselelo zesimanje ezifana ne ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukugcwala kwabantu ngokweqile kanye nesimanje yamasiko, ebhalansi eyinkimbinkimbi echaza impilo yansuku zonke yeqoqo leziqhingi.
Iqoqo leziqhingi kanye nengqikithi yalo evamile
IKiribati ineziqhingi ezingama-33: ama-coral atolls angama-32 kanye nesiqhingi esinamadwala saseBanaba, esihlakazeke endaweni yolwandle cishe. 3,5 billion km² EMicronesia, indawo eyizwe ingamakhilomitha angama-811 nje kuphela, inhloko-dolobha eseNingizimu Tarawa. Amaqembu amathathu akha ibalazwe: iGilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands, kanye neLine Islands (lapho iKiritimati, enye yeziqhingi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, igqama khona).
Impumuzo incane kakhulu—indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke iBanaba, ingamamitha angu-81—futhi ugu luthatha amakhilomitha angaba ngu-1 143. Izwe lisebenza ezindaweni zesikhathi eziningana: I-GILT (UTC+12), PHOT (UTC+13) kanye ne-LINT (UTC+14), okwenza iKiritimati ibe insimu yokuqala enabantu abaningi ukuthola ushintsho unyaka wonke. Izilimi ezisemthethweni: IsiNgisi nesiGilbertese; inani labantu lizungeze i-110.000, ligxile kakhulu eSouth Tarawa, neBetio njengendawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nezimpawu zezwe, ijazi lezikhali libonisa i-frigate nelanga, futhi isiqubulo sibonisa isifiso somphakathi: “Te Mauri, Te Raoi ao Te Tabomoa” (Impilo, ukuthula, nokuchuma). Iculo lesizwe lithi Kunan Kiribati. Ngobuchwepheshe, isiqalo socingo sithi +686, isizinda se-inthanethi sithi .ki, futhi ikhodi ye-ISO ithi 296.
Ukuxhumana kwaseYurophu kwaqala ngo-1606 noPedro Fernández de Quirós. Kamuva, uByron, uGilbert, noMarshall bawela ngaphandle kokufika (1764-1788); UKrusenstern waqamba leli qoqo leziqhingi ngokuthi iGilbert Islands ngo-1820, kwathi uDuperrey walibhala imephu ngo-1824. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II—kanye nezwe. Impi yaseTarawa Njengesiqephu esibi, iKiribati yathola inkululeko e-United Kingdom ngo-1979 futhi yajoyina i-UN ngo-1999.
Iziqhingi nesiko: Izingubo zaseKiribati nezikhali
Ucezu oluyisakhiwo sodumo lwesikompilo lendawo yi- izikhali ezenziwe nge-coconut fiber (senethi). Amasethi ama-ovaroli nemikhono eqiniswa i-cuirass egqokwa phezu kwawo, ngokuvamile anephaneli engemuva ephezulu ukuze ivikeleke ekuhlaselweni okuvela ngemuva. Ayehlanganiswa namabhande awugqinsi e-fiber ephothiwe noma isikhumba esomisiwe se-stingray ukuze amboze izitho ezibalulekile, futhi ayevame ukuhlotshiswa ngezinwele zomuntu, amagobolondo, noma izimpaphe.
I-panoply yaqedwa ngezigqoko zokuvikela inhlanzi ye-sun-hardened pufferfish, engagqokwa phezu kweqabunga le-pandanus noma amakepisi efiber kakhukhunathi. Kwakukhona futhi "ama-gauntlets" kakhukhunathi we-fiber enamazinyo oshaka emaqaqeni, i-echo yezinkemba ezesabekayo, imikhonto, neminsalo emiphetho yayo ehlukene yadalwa ngokuhlanganisa la mazinyo kanye nezinwele nezintambo zezitshalo.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza izintambo yaqala ngegobolondo likakhukhunathi, imicu yayo yayiyi Bacwiliswa echibini izinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ukuze emva kwalokho igezwe, yomiswe futhi isontwe ibe imicu, yona iphonswe ibe yiziphetho ezinde. Izingcweti zaziluka ama-rhomboid motifs—ngezinye izikhathi izinhlanzi noma izimfudu—ngezinwele (ngokuvamile zingabesifazane), nazo zazisetshenziselwa ukunamathisela amazinyo kashaka ezikhalini futhi, namuhla, amabhande okudansa.
Lezi zikhali zazihlotshaniswa nemikhuba "ekhokhisa" izinto zokusetshenziswa ngamandla kanye nohwebo ngaphambi kokulwa. Ukungqubuzana ngokuvamile kuphendule ezingxabano zomhlaba noma ukuxazulula amaphuzu; inhloso kwakuwukulimaza (hhayi ukubulala). Uma kwenzeka ukufa, isinxephezelo sasiwuhlobo lomhlaba. Amaqhawe aqhubekela phambili ngamaqembu amathathu, iqembu elikhulu liphakathi nendawo kanye namabutho asekelayo nxazonke zawo; umphumela wawuncike emphumeleni wezimpi. duels ngabanye, lapho isisindo sesivikelo senza kube nzima ukunyakaza, futhi ukuwa kwakusho ukudinga abasizi bokusukuma.
Kukhona amarekhodi ezikhali zaseKiribati nezikhali emaqoqweni aseYurophu kusukela ngo-1824; incazelo enemininingwane yavela ngo-1844 ne-U.S. Exploring Expedition. Ngekhulu le-19, abadwebi bemikhomo nabahwebi bezigqila nabo babeqoqa izingcezu. Ukukhiqizwa kwehle ngokushesha nge- izithunywa zevangeli kanye neBritish pacification (kusukela ngo-1888 no-1892), futhi namuhla izingubo eziphelele zigcinwe eminyuziyamu—eKiribati, eTe Ukwanibong. Ngo-2016, iphrojekthi yePacific Presences yathuma uChris Charteris, uLizzy Leckie, noKaetaeta Watson ukuthi bakhe imvunulo entsha, u-Kautan Rabakau, manje oseCambridge. Umfanekiso "weqhawe" uye wazalwa kabusha njengophawu lwe ezemidlalo nokuziqhenya esikoleni (isibonelo, eMoroni High School).
Ubuciko bokulwa kanye nengokomoya
I-karate yaseKiribati iye yaba ulwazi olujwayelekile noluhlakaniphile, ihlukile kuhlu lwezincwadi zase-Asia: ibeka isivinini kuqala ngaphezu kwamandla, ngokukhahlela okumbalwa kwe-karate- noma isitayela se-kung-fu. Bonke bahlanganyela isisekelo esifanayo: umsuka wabo amandla emimoya yokhokho, "enikeza" amasu kubantu abathile.
Phakathi kwezitayela, "uNabakai" (wase-Abaiang) kuthiwa ufundiswe imimoya emithathu yabesifazane bomndeni wakwaTabukaokao -U-Nei Tenaotarai, u-Nei Temwanai kanye no-Nei Tereiatabuki- kubonakala njengenkalankala yesifazane. I-“Te Rawarawanimon,” yaseNyakatho Tarawa, ixhunywe ne-Nei Tereiatabuki, noma umoya oqukethwe “inhlanzi yamasosha” (te mon). Bobabili babelana ngamasu, kodwa uNabakai usebenza ngesandla esisodwa kanye nesimo esisodwa, kuyilapho uRawarawanimon esebenzisa izandla ezimbili nokuma okuyisihlanu.
I-“Tabiang” (Abemama) iyifa lamalungu omuzi onegama elifanayo. Kufingqwe esimisweni esithi “Ungishayile, ngizokuphinda kane,” kugcizelela isivinini nokunembaUvela kumoya uTerengerenge (owaziwa nangokuthi uTeraka), futhi isiko lihamba lize lithi uhambo lwakhe oluya e-Asia lugqugquzele ikarati. Utuswa ngokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni iKaitu edumile ne-Uakeia ekunqobeni uMbuso we-Abemama.
I-“Nakara” nethi “Ruabou” (yafika isuka eNiutao, eTuvalu) yasakazeka kuyo yonke i-Gilberts eseningizimu, ikakhulukazi eTamana nase-Arorae. Bayizitayela zokulwa: I-Ruabou ihlanganisa ukulwa nokulwa ngesandla; U-Nakara ugxile umkhalambazo webanga elifushane, kuze kube yilapho iseluleko esithandwayo siwukugwema noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okuseduze nochwepheshe we-Nakara.
Umculo, ukucula nokudansa: ukunyakaza kanye nezingubo
Umculo odumile wakhiwe mayelana nokucula nokushaywa komzimba. Emidlalweni yokuma (Te Kaimatoa) noma yehip (Te Buki), ibhokisi lepulangwe elishaywe ikhwaya yabesilisa likhiqiza ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunamandla; namuhla, ikhwaya nayo ibonakala ihlezi nayo ehambisana nesiginciUmculo uhlanganisa izingoma zothando, izingoma zokuncintisana, izingoma zenkolo, izingoma zezingane, izingoma zokushisekela izwe, izingoma zempi nezingoma zomshado, kanye nemidanso yenduku exoxa izinganekwane.
I-Kiribati seal isezingalweni ezeluliwe kanye ukunyakaza kwekhanda kungazelelwe, evusa inyoni eyi-frigate efulegeni lesizwe. Izingcezu eziningi zidansa zimile noma zihlezi, zinezinyathelo ezilinganiselwe kanye nokunyakaza okunyakazayo; ukumamatheka—okuvame kakhulu kuyi-hula yesimanje—kubhekwa njengokungafaneleki, ngoba umdanso lapha, ngaphezu kwakho konke, wawumayelana nokuxoxa izindaba, ikhono, nokubekezela.
Ikoloni yaseBrithani yaletha izinhlobo ze-waltz nezinyathelo zaseScotland eTarawa; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-twist (ubhale kuTwitter), i-rock & roll nomculo wangaleso sikhathi wangenela. E-Tamana nase-Arorae, i-Tuvaluan fatele yathatha indawo ye-ruoia yakudala, ngenqubo ehlobene nezimishini zokuqala zasePolynesia. I-taupati yaseSamoa, tamure yesiTahiti, i-hula yesiHawaii, kanye nolakalaka lwesiTonga nazo zamila.
Izingubo zomdanso zishintshiwe: the umqhele Ibhande lembali lingase lihlotshiswe ngamaribhoni anemibala; ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlalu obubukisayo bugqokwa ezingalweni, entanyeni, nasesinqeni. Iziketi zabesifazane zixuba imicu yemvelo nemicu yamasaka elayisi adayiwe, futhi lapho zimboza isifuba, zikwenza lokho ngama-pandanus bras abelukiwe. Imigexo namasongo enziwe ngamagobolondo nembewu kuqedela ukuhlanganisa. Uma kubhekwa ukushoda kwezinsimbi, i-batere resorts to amabhokisi e-aluminium anamata, amathini, izintende nezigxivizo zezinyawo.
I-repertoire ibanzi: I-KAWAWA (ukuvulwa okumile, okwandulelwa i-comic akeia), i-WANTARAWA (umdanso we-burlesque onezimpande zeqhawe esitshela ngemvelaphi ka-Tarawa), i-WANIBWANGA (esuka e-Abemama, enezandla neminwe emibuthanweni), u-KAMEI/KABUTI (owesilisa/owesifazane phakathi komndeni wama-ruoia (amakwaya e-KINOrt), i-KAKOrt yomndeni wakwa-KINOrt imigqa), KAIMATOA/KATEITEI (amagama alinganayo kwezinye iziqhingi), BUKI (abesifazane kuphela, abaneziketi ze-hibiscus ezigqamisa okhalo), TIRERE (imibhangqwana enezinduku ezimfishane ngendlela exakayo), i-KARANGA (izinti ezinde, ezimayo nezinyakazayo) kanye no-TE KARUO/KABURE (dlala ngesandla yayiphatha).
Ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwendabuko lwe-Ruoia kuhlangene i-te kemai (owesilisa kakhulu), i-te kabuti (owesifazane) kanye nokwehlukile okwenziwe isitayela kakhulu kwe-Abemama, te wa ni banga. Ngo-1963, isazi se-ethnographer uGerd Koch wathwebula i-kawawa, i-kamei, i-wan tarawa, i-kabuakaka ne-bino e-Tabiteuea; futhi waqopha i-kamei e-Onotoa kanye ne-tirere e-Nonouti, ehamba ingobo yomlando ebalulekile yomsindo nokubonwayo umdanso waseKiribati.
I-Maneaba, impilo yomphakathi kanye nokupheka
I-maneaba noma i-mwaneaba iyinhliziyo yomuzi, indlu enkulu yokuhlangana. Isakhiwo sayo esingunxande, esakhiwe ngezinsika nophahla lwamaqabunga, siwumsebenzi womdala oyingcweti—ngokuvamile okuyinqolobane yolwazi olungokwesiko—ngoba ukwakhiwa kwawo kubiza umoya. antiIsebenza njengegumbi lokuhlangana, indawo yokugubha, yokufunda, futhi ngokuvamile njengendawo yomphakathi evikelekile elangeni.
Itafula laseKiribati lixhaswe ukudla kwasolwandle nokhukhunathi. I-bwabwai (Cyrtosperma merkusii) isitshalo esiyizifanekiselo zezenzakalo ezikhethekile, futhi ubuhlakani bokupheka buguqule ubisi ne-pulp ye-pandanus nesundu likakhukhunathi kwaba izibiliboco ezifana ne-te karewe (ubisi olusha), i-te kamaimai (isiraphu kakhukhunathi), kanye ne-te tuae/te kabubu (amaswidi e-pandan nofulawa). Ngemva kwempi, irayisi yaba yisisekeloInhlanzi ijwayele ukuhlinzekwa ngesitayela se-sashimi eluhlaza ngamasoso, isoso, noma uviniga, kanye namacebo e-chili no-anyanisi. Ngokwesiko, izinkalankala zikakhukhunathi nezodaka zinikezwa omama abahlengikazi ukuze "baqinise" ubisi lwabo.
Umphakathi, inkolo kanye nemfundo
Amasonto adlala indima ebalulekile kwezemfundo nezenhlalo: aqhuba cishe u-43% wezikhungo zemfundo nokunakekela izingane ezisencane kanye nezikole zamabanga aphakeme eziningana. Ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu, amaKhatholika nama-KUC asekela ingxenye enkulu yalesi sabelo. Uhlelo lwesikole luhlelwe lwaba yizingane zasenkulisa (iminyaka engu-1-5), amabanga aphansi (6-11), amabanga aphansi (12–14), kanye nesekondari yamabanga aphezulu (15–18). Izikole zomphakathi zifaka iKing George V kanye no-Elaine Bernacchi, iTabiteuea North SSS, kanye noMelaengi Tabai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Betio Marine Training Centre, Isikhungo Sobuchwepheshe, Isikhungo Sokuqeqesha Izinhlanzi, Isikole Sobuhlengikazi, Isikole Samaphoyisa kanye Nekolishi Lothisha, kanye nekhempasi yeNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Pacific eTeaoraereke.
Uhulumeni, ubulungiswa kanye nempilo yezepolitiki
I-Kiribati iyiriphabhulikhi yephalamende likamongameli. Umongameli, uBeretitenti, uhola igatsha lesigungu esiphezulu; igatsha lesishayamthetho linikezwe i UManeaba nguMaungatabu (Izihlalo ezingama-45, ezikhethiwe ezingama-44 kanye nesithunywa esisodwa esivela emphakathini waseBanaba eRabi, eFiji). Umthethosisekelo we-1979 ulawula inhlangano yombuso.
Uphiko lwezobulungiswa luqukethe iNkantolo Ephakeme (Inkantolo Ephakeme), Inkantolo Yokudluliswa Kwamacala, kanye nezinkantolo zabomantshi zezifunda (amayunithi angama-24, ekuqaleni anamajaji amathathu, asungulwa yi-Odinensi ka-1977). Amajaji eNkantolo ePhakeme aqokwa nguMongameli ngokwelulekwa nguHulumeni kanye nokubonisana nezisebenzi zikaHulumeni; izimo zokuxoshwa zidinga ukungakwazi ukusebenza noma ukungaziphathi kahleNgokomlando, phakathi kuka-1877 no-1962 iJaji Eliyinhloko laseFiji lalinguKhomishana Omkhulu Wezobulungiswa eNtshonalanga Pacific.
Ngo-2022, kwaqubuka inkinga yesikhungo: Ijaji uDavid Lambourne lamiswa ngoMeyi; IJaji Eliyinhloko uBill Hastings wamiswa ngoJuni 30. Ngemva kwezinqumo ezithole ukuthi uLambourne abuyele esikhundleni kungqubuzana nomthethosisekelo, uhulumeni wazama ukumxosha ngo-August 11, okuphambene nomyalelo weNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala. Kwalahlwa amazwe ngamazwe, kwathi ngo-Okthoba, kwaqokwa uhulumeni Tetiro Semilota umongameli wesikhashana weNkantolo Ephakeme, isinqumo esasusa inkulumompikiswano ngokuzimela kwezomthetho kanye nokungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo.
Ukhetho lubanjwa njalo eminyakeni emine (noma ngokushesha uma ivoti lokungathenjwa liphumelela). Uhlelo lweqembu luxega futhi aluhlelekile; Amalungu ePhalamende ajwayele ukuvota ngokusekelwe ezithakazelweni zamalungu awo. Ngo-2015–2016, umfelandawonye wePillars of Truth wazuza iningi lephalamende. Ngaphesheya, iKiribati igcina ubudlelwane ne-Australia, New Zealand, kanye neJapan (abanikeli abakhulu), futhi, ngo-2019, ubuyisele ubudlelwano neChina, ehlukana neTaiwan.
NjengeSifundazwe Esithuthukayo sesiQhingi Esincane, iKiribati iyilungu le-AOSIS futhi ibambe iqhaza ngokujulile ekukhulumeni kwesimo sezulu: yabamba iqhaza ku-Climate Vulnerability Forum (2009), yathuthukisa Ingqungquthela Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu eTarawa (2010) ukusondeza izikhundla ndawonye uma kubhekwa i-COP16, kanye nokuthola umhlaba e-Fiji - cishe u-20 km² - njengendlela engenzeka yokujwayela "ngaphandle".
Imvelo, isimo sezulu kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Isimo sezulu siwulwandle olushisayo, kushisa futhi kunomswakama, kunomoya ovela enyakatho-mpumalanga kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba kanye neziphepho zasentshonalanga ezinemvula kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Isikhathi esimanzi (te Auu-Meang) yisona esingazinzi kakhulu; ama-cyclone awavamisile ukwakheka enkabazwe, nakuba imiphumela yakho kude ingadala umonakalo, njengoba kwenzeka ngeCyclone Pam ngo-2015.
Imvula iyahlukahluka: cishe 3000 mm ngonyaka enyakatho futhi cishe 500 mm eningizimu Gilberts. Izikhathi zesomiso eside zirekhodiwe. Ngo-1999, iziqhingi ezimbili ezingahlali muntu (iTebua Tarawa ne-Abanuea) zacwiliswa emanzini; eKiritimati, izinga lolwandle kuthiwa lenyuke cishe 50 mm phakathi kuka-1972 no-2022I-IPCC iphrojekthi cishe ngo-50 cm ngo-2100. I-Pacific Decadal Oscillation imodela i-El Niño/La Niña, ithinte amagagasi entwasahlobo ase-perigean kanye nezikhukhula zasendaweni.
Izifundo ze-Geomorphological (Webb kanye ne-Kench, 2010) zibonisa ukuthi iziqhingi zasemadolobheni njenge-Betio, i-Bairiki ne-Nanikai bathole indawo engaphezulu ngohlelo, nakuba lungekho ngobude, ngakho ukuba sengozini yezikhukhula kuyaqhubeka. Ukuqina kuncike ekukhuleni kwamakhorali, okusongelwa ukugcwala kwe-asidi kanye neziqephu zokufiphala ezisabalele esifundeni.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyaqhubeka ngoHlelo Lokujwayela I-Kiribati (KAP): ukuphathwa kwamanzi e-Tarawa, ukutshalwa kabusha kwemihlume, ukuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho ngokumelene nokuguguleka, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala. Izinyathelo zithuthukisiwe futhi ukuphepha kokudla ebhekene nokufakwa kukasawoti emanzini, isomiso, nokudoba ngokweqile. Mayelana nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, i-Environment and Conservation Division ikhuthaza imithetho yasekhaya nokubambisana kwezizwe eziningi, ibambe iqhaza esivumelwaneni somhlaba wonke sepulasitiki.
Umnotho, ezokuthutha kanye nezokuxhumana
Imithombo yemvelo iyindlala: I-Banaba phosphate yaphela ngaphambi kwenkululeko; I-copra yabeka izinga lokuthekelisa, futhi ukwehla kwayo kwaholela ekusekelweni ngokwezimali (isb., imali ebolekiwe ye-ADB ngawo-1990). Isisindo sosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe (ikakhulukazi kusuka I-United Kingdom, Australia ne-Japan) bekuphezulu. Idola lase-Australia (AUD) liyasetshenziswa-idola laseKiribati lihlala ndawonye-; ngo-2025, 1 AUD ≈ 0,66 USD. Ngonyaka wezi-2000, imikhakha yayimele cishe u-8,9% wezolimo, u-24,2% wezimboni kanye no-66,8% wezinsizakalo; imali engenayo yezokuvakasha iphansi.
Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo lulinganiselwa ku-670 km (nezingxenye ezigandayiwe eNingizimu yeTarawa). Amachweba afana ne-Betio ne-Kanton asebenza ngemikhumbi yasogwini; iqembu laseKiribati JMR lisebenzisa i-Coral Sea Shipping Line (imikhumbi emithathu). Izindiza zezwe ezimbili zisebenza emoyeni—Izindiza ze-Air Kiribati kanye ne-Coral Sun Airways- xhuma abakwaGilbert baseBonriki; IFiji Airways ixhuma iNadi neBonriki neCassidy (Kiritimati). I-Bonriki ithuthukisa amapherimitha nokuphepha ngokuvumelana namazinga e-IATA.
Ngokwemithombo yezindaba, ithelevishini yomphakathi yaphela ngowezi-2012; umsakazo kazwelonke—ngo-1440 AM—ufinyelela ezweni lonke ngezindaba zendawo kanye ne-BBC. Amaphephandaba ahlanganisa iTe Uekara (uhulumeni), iTe Mauri (KUC), iKiribati Independent (evela e-Auckland), kanye neKiribati Newstar yolimi lwesiNgisi. Ukuxhumana kwesathelayithi I-Kacific1 I-Broadband inikwe amandla ku-Gilbert (engafaki i-Phoenix ne-Line), futhi ikhebuli ye-Southern Cross NEXT yengeza igatsha e-Kiritimati. Iphrojekthi yekhebula yaseMpumalanga Micronesia yethulwa kabusha ngosekelo oluvela e-US, Japan, nase-Australia, kanti iKiribati iphakathi kokuqala ukuthola i-inthanethi enesivinini esiphezulu I-Starlink ePacific.
Izinselelo zabantu, ezempilo nezenhlalo
Ngomhlaba omncane okuhlalwa kuwo, ukuminyana kwabantu kuphezulu, kugcizelela uBetio. I-demographic mosaic yakhiwe ikakhulukazi abantu baseziqhingini (cishe ama-98%). Inkomba yokuthuthuka komuntu iyisilinganiso (I-HDI 0,644 ngo-2023). Ukuhlala emadolobheni, ukukhucululwa kwendle okulinganiselwe, nokuba buthaka “kwelensi” yamanzi ahlanzekile kwandisa izingozi zempilo.
IKiribati inamazinga akhathazayo okubhema (54-57%), “nezifo zendlela yokuphila” njenge Uhlobo 2 sikashukela kanye nokwanda kokunqunywa kwezitho zomzimba. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engaba ngu-68; ukufa kwezingane kwehlisiwe ngokwesekwa odokotela baseCuba, nakuba kusabikwa amanani amakhulu. Isifo sofuba sisaqhubeka (≈365/100.000). Inkathi eyomile ende yenze kwadingeka ukuthi kumbiwe eminye imithombo, ukwethula amagciwane atholakala emanziniNgokusho kwe-HRMI, izwe lingaphansi kwamandla alo kwezempilo zokuzala.
Imvelo, izitshalo nezilwane
Izimila zihlushwa inhlabathi ene-calcareous ne-saline: ziningi izihlahla zikakhukhunathi, izihlahla ze-pandanus, nezihlahla ze-breadfruitEGilbert, izitshalo zendabuko ezingaba ngu-83 kanye nezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezethulwe zibhaliwe; Emgqeni nasePhoenix, izinombolo ezifanayo zikhona, azikho izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala kalula. Izilimo ezivame kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-babai, zihlanganisa iklabishi laseShayina, i-squash, utamatisi, ikhabe, nekhukhamba. Bangaphezu kuka-80% abantu abazibandakanya kwezolimo noma ukudoba.
Olwandle, phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-600 nezingama-800 kanye namakhorali angaba ngu-200 ahlala ndawonye nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene. Ukudoba kugxile ku-skipjack kanye ne-yellowfin tuna, kanye nezinhlanzi endizayo. Ulwelwe (i-Eucheuma alvarezii kanye ne-E. spinosum) lufuywe kusukela ngo-1977, luqhudelana nokuvunwa i-pearl oyster enamalebe amnyama kanye nezimbaza. Ezweni, kwethulwa izinja, amakati, namagundane; i-Bokikokiko (Acrocephalus aequinoctialis) iyinyoni etholakala eKiritimati. Amaphakethe ezinja awavamile eNingizimu Tarawa.
Ezemidlalo kanye nempilo yansuku zonke
Izwe selingenele amaCommonwealth Games namaOlympic Games kusukela ngo-2004. Igolide likaDavid Katoatau (weightlifting, 105 kg) e-Glasgow 2014. Ibhola yinkosi yezemidlalo; iqembu lesizwe, ilungu elihlangene le-OFC, alihlangene ne-FIFA futhi selidlale imidlalo eyishumi (yonke emidlalweni yasePacific). I-Bairiki National Stadium kanye ne-Betio pitch yizona zindawo eziqashelwa kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, iKiribati ihlanganisa umlando wolwandle, ubuciko bobuciko-lezo zikhali ze-coconut fiber kanye nezigqoko ze-pufferfish-umdanso ongenaphutha, nempilo yomphakathi egxile e-maneaba. Inselele iwukusekela ubuwena, ukuqina kanye nokuphila kahle kuma-atoll aphansi, ukuvikela amanzi, ugu, namasiko, ngenkathi ulawula ukuvuleleka emhlabeni kanye nokubaluleka okukhulayo kobuchwepheshe nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
