I-Las Izithakazelo zamaJuda namasiko ziye zavusa ilukuluku labantu abaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi siko, esinezinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando, sesenze uchungechunge lwemikhuba ehlanganisa kusukela ekudleni kuye kwezingubo, ukuhamba ngemikhuba ezenkolo nemikhosi ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi kungani amaJuda elandela imithetho ethile noma enze imikhosi ethile, lesi sihloko sizokunikeza ukuqonda okuningiliziwe mayelana nelukuluku elibaluleke kakhulu namasiko obuJuda.
Ngendlela ababungaza ngayo ISabatha emithethweni yayo eqinile yezokudla ye Kashruth, umthetho ngamunye unencazelo ejulile esekelwe emibhalweni engcwele njengale Torah, lo I-Mishnah futhi i I-Talmud. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezingubo zokugqoka, imikhosi noma amasiko omndeni, lapha sizohlola yonke imininingwane yalo mphakathi wasendulo.
Izigaba eziyinhloko zobuJuda
Namuhla, ubuJuda buhlukene phakathi amagatsha amathathu amakhulu: i-orthodox, i-Conservative kanye ne-reformist. Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwabo usezingeni lokunamathela emithethweni yamaJuda noma I-Halacha, obusa izimpilo zamakholwa.
- UbuJuda bobu-Orthodox: Yinguqulo eqinile yenkolo futhi ilandela ngokuqinile I-Halacha. Abavamisile ukwamukela ukuhunyushwa kwesimanje kwemibhalo engcwele futhi bagcine isakhiwo somphakathi esivamile.
- I-Conservative Judaism: Kusendaweni ethile phakathi kwe-orthodox ne-reformist. Nakuba igcina amasiko amaningi, ivumela ukuthuthukiswa okuthile emisebenzini yezenkolo.
- I-Reform Judaism: Leli gatsha linesimo esivumelana nezimo futhi livumelana nempilo yesimanje. Ayilandeli i- I-Halacha ngokuqinile futhi ivumela ukuhlukahluka okuningi endleleni inkolo eyenziwa ngayo.
Imithetho yokudla kanye neKashruth
Esinye sezici ezaziwa kakhulu zobuJuda ukudla kwayo okuqinile, okulawulwa yimithetho ye Kashruth. Ukudla okuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso kubizwa kosher, futhi kufanele ihlangabezane nochungechunge lwezimfuneko ezithile. Le mithetho yezokudla iyathakazelisa futhi ikhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaJuda nomlando wawo.
Ukuvinjelwa kokudla
Kukhona ukudla okuningana okunqatshelwe ekudleni kwamaJuda, njengoba kusungulwe yi- Torah. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ingulube: Akuvunyelwe, ngoba ayihlangabezani nezidingo zenselo ehlukanisiwe kanye ne-rumination. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kube yindaba yokufundwa kwamasiko ahlukahlukene, njengoba kushiwo ku Ilukuluku mayelana nokuvinjelwa kwengulube.
- I-Shellfish nama-crustaceans: Azivunyelwe, ngoba izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko namazenga zingadliwa kuphela.
- Isoseji yegazi: Ngenxa yokuthi linegazi, alivunyelwe enkolweni yobuJuda, njengoba igazi libhekwa njengengqikithi yokuphila.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane kufanele zihlatshwe ngaphansi kwendlela ethize ebizwa ngokuthi shechita, lapho ukuhlupheka kuncishiswa khona futhi igazi lisuswe ngokuphelele.
Ukwehlukana phakathi kwenyama nobisi
Omunye umthetho obaluleke kakhulu ukuvinjelwa ukuxuba inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi. AmaJuda angama-Orthodox kufanele alinde amahora ambalwa phakathi kokudla inyama nobisi, njengoba inyama imelela ukufa kanye nobisi ukuphila. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuvamile basebenzisa izitsha ezihlukene uhlobo ngalunye lokudla.
Izingubo nokubukeka
Izingubo zingesinye isici esifanele, ikakhulukazi ebuJudeni Bama-Orthodox. Abesilisa nabesifazane kufanele balandele imithetho ethile yokugqoka ngendlela efanele. thobeka. Uma ufuna ukufunda mayelana nezinye izingubo, ungabonisana mayelana Izingubo zesiRashiya.
Izingubo nezindwangu ezingavunyelwe
Ngokusho kwe- I-Halacha, akuvunyelwe ukugqoka izingubo ezifanayo uboya nelineni. Lo mkhawulo uvela ku- Torah futhi kuwumyalo weBhayibheli abaningi abawulandela ngokuqhubekayo, obonisa ukubaluleka komthetho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwamaJuda.
Izinwele nezingubo
Amadoda avame ukusebenzisa i i-kippa, ikepisi elincane eliyisiko elifanekisela i ukuzithoba phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Ngokuqondene nabesifazane abashadile, abaningi basebenzisa amawigi noma izikhafu ukumboza izinwele phambi kwabantu, njengophawu lwesizotha nokuhlonipha amasiko.
Imikhosi yezenkolo
UbuJuda bunamaholide amaningana abalulekile aphawula izikhathi ezihlukene zonyaka. Ngamunye unokwakhe uphawu namasiko. Lawa maholide yizikhathi zokuzindla ngomlando nokholo lwabantu bamaJuda, njengoba kungabhekwa kuwo Izimpawu zamaJuda.
ISabatha
El ISabatha Wusuku olungcwele lokuphumula, oluqala ngoLwesihlanu kusihlwa luphele ngoMgqibelo ebusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi noma imisebenzi ethathwa njengokukhandlayo, efana nokubasa umlilo noma ukusebenzisa izinto zikagesi, ayivunyelwe.
I-Pesach
iPhasika lamaJuda noma I-Pesach ikhumbula ukusuka kwabantu bamaJuda eGibhithe. Ngaleli holidi, abantu bayakugwema ukudla ukudla okunemvubelo bese bekufaka esikhundleni mathzo, isinkwa esingenamvubelo esifanekisela ukushesha amaJuda aphuma ngakho eGibhithe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana namasiko namasiko amaJuda, ungavakashela Iyini iKabbalah?.
I-Hanukkah
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i- Umkhosi WezibaniIHanukkah igubha ukunikezelwa kabusha kweThempeli eJerusalema. Izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, ikhandlela likhanyiswa njalo ebusuku i-menorah, i-candelabrum enamagatsha ayisishiyagalombili. Lo mcimbi ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ugujwa ngenjabulo enkulu imindeni yamaJuda.
I-Purim
I-Purim iholidi lenjabulo lelo isikhumbuzo sokusindiswa kwamaJuda ePheresiya. Kuyisiko ukugqoka, ukushintshanisa amaswidi futhi ufunde incwadi ka-esther. La masiko akhombisa umlando wabantu bamaJuda kanye nomzabalazo wabo wokusinda.
Amasiko nemikhosi yomndeni
Kunemikhosi eminingana yomndeni ngaphakathi kobuJuda, ngamunye unomfanekiso wawo kanye nencazelo. Imikhuba eyenziwa emphakathini qinisa izibopho zomndeni kanye neqhaza ekuqhubekeni kwamasiko abo.
Ukusoka
Ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, abafana abangamaJuda kufanele basokwe emcimbini okuthiwa Brit Mila. Leli siko liwuphawu lokusebenzisana noNkulunkulu futhi lingenye yezimfundiso zokuqala ezinikezwa izingane ngaphakathi kwenkolo yobuJuda.
Umshado wamaJuda
Imishado yamaJuda igcwele amasiko, njengokusayinwa kwe I-Ketubah (inkontileka yomshado) nokuhlephula ingilazi ngumkhwenyana ukuze khumbula ukubhujiswa kweThempeli laseJerusalema. La masiko awumfanekiso ocacile womlando nokholo lwabantu bamaJuda.
Amasiko amaJuda agcwele uphawu nesiko, ebonisa umlando wayo wasendulo nezinkolelo ezijulile zenkolo. Kusukela emithethweni eqinile yezokudla kuya kumaholide omndeni nemikhosi, umkhuba ngamunye uyaqhubeka nokuxhumanisa amaJuda nezimpande zawo kanye nobunikazi benkolo.
