Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe amashumi ayisikhombisa ukusuka lapho yaqala khona, izithombe zamaRoma zesakhiwo sezindela saseSan Lourenzo de Carboeiro Sebebuyele eGalicia. Babolekiwe, kodwa ukubuyiselwa kwabo kuphawula ingqophamlando ekuphathweni kwefa lomlando kanye nokubambisana phakathi kokuphathwa kwemiphakathi ehlukene ezimele.
Lezi yizingcezu ezimbili zekhulu le-13, uKrestu ebukhosini noma iPantocrator kanye nomfanekiso wabaVangeli, eyakha ingxenye ye-tympanum eyinhloko ye-façade esentshonalanga yesigodlo saseSilleda. Ngemva kokuphangwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kwaze kwagcina ku-Frederic Marès Museum eBarcelona, manje seziboniswa ku- IMyuziyamu Yezindawo Zokuhambela Nokuhambela I-Santiago, enkabeni yesikhungo somlando saseSantiago de Compostela.
Isivumelwano semalimboleko yesikhathi eside phakathi kweGalicia neBarcelona
Ukubuyiselwa kwezingcezu kwenzeke ngenxa ye- isivumelwano phakathi kweXunta de Galicia kanye noMkhandlu Wedolobha laseBarcelona, umnikazi weMyuziyamu kaFrederic Marès. Izithombe eziqoshiwe zifika njengemali mboleko yesikhathi eside, kanye isikhathi sokuqala seminyaka eyishumi, esinwetshwa eminye iminyaka eyishumi, isivumelwano semali mboleko esiqinisekisa ukuba khona kwaso eGalicia okungenani iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Kusuka kuMnyango Wezamasiko, uLingua e Xuventude, inhloko yomnyango, UJosé López CamposUgcizelele ukuthi lokhu akusona nje isinyathelo sokuphatha, kodwa ukuzibophezela kubantu baseGalician: umgomo ukuthi le misebenzi itholakale emphakathini ngendlela Imyuziyamu yomphakathi yaseGalician enezindinganiso ezifanayo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo lokho ababenakho eBarcelona.
Egameni loMkhandlu Wedolobha laseBarcelona, iKhansela Lezimboni Zamasiko Nokudala, U-Xavier MarcéUgcizelele ukuthi imali mboleko iyingxenye yokuzivocavoca Ukwethembeka kwezikhungo kanye nokubambisana phakathi kohulumeniUgcizelele ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwakukhona ukuzimisela kokufinyelela esivumelwaneni esizokwanelisa izinhlangothi zombili futhi esizoqinisekisa ukuthi izithombe zizoboniswa endaweni efanele, efinyelelekayo nephephile.
Abameleli abavela kuzo zombili izikhungo bagcizelele ukuthi inqubo yenziwe nge- izingxoxo zobumbano zibhekwa njengesibonelofuthi baveza ithemba labo lokuthi le ndlela izoba yisibonelo kwamanye amacala ukubuyiselwa kwezimpahla ezitholwe ngokungemthetho emamyuziyamu aseYurophu.
Isivumelwano sihlanganisa ukuzibophezela ekugcineni izindlela eziqinile zokuphepha, ukulondolozwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuboniswa ngezithombe, ngendlela efana nalezo ezazinazo eMnyuziyamu uFrederic Marès, lapho bangena khona ngo-1980 ngemuva kokuthengwa kumqoqi ozimele.
Ukusuka ekuphangweni kuya ekubuyeni: indaba ethathe amashumi eminyaka
Lezi zithombe ezimbili zingezabo i-tympanum eyinhloko yengosi esentshonalanga yesigodlo sezindela saseSan Lourenzo de Carboeiro, iqembu lezinto ezibhekisela kumaRoma eGalicia, elixhunywe endaweni yobuciko yase Indawo yokusebenzela kaMaster Mateo kakade lowo Santiago's CathedralPhakathi nekhulu lama-20, isigodlo sezindela sabhekana nezenzo eziningana zokuphangwa, futhi ukwebiwa kwalezi zingcezu kubhekwa njengokunye kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukwebiwa kwenzeka cishe ngawo-1950 futhi kwabikwa kusenesikhathi [usuku lulahlekile]. 1957 ngumcwaningi nombhali uXosé Filgueira ValverdeNgaleso sikhathi, i-monastery yayinokuvikelwa okukhethekile: yayimenyezelwe National Monument ngo-1931, okwakuvimbela ngokomthetho ukususwa kwezinto zokwakha noma eziqoshiwe endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi.
Naphezu kwesikhalazo, lezi zingcezu zagcina sezithengiswa emakethe yangasese, futhi ekugcineni, Ngo-1980 zathengwa yiFrederic Marès Museum emndenini wangasese. Ngokomthetho, ukuthengwa kwakulandela izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuthengwa kwemyuziyamu; nokho, imvelaphi engekho emthethweni yalezi zithombe yayiphawula ukuthi isimo sezimpahla ngaphandle kwezentengiselwano kusukela ngesikhathi zikhishwe esikhumbuzweni.
Emashumini eminyaka edlule, indawo yemisebenzi eBarcelona yaziwa emibuthanweni yezemfundo, kodwa Kwakungekho bufakazi obuqondile obubhalwe phansi Ngokuphathelene nosuku kanye nezimo zokwebiwa, iphuzu elibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe isimangalo esiqinile.
Leso sikhala savalwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wesazi-mlando. UFrancisco Prado-Vilar, owalandela izingobo zomlando waze wathola imibhalo eyayifakazela isikhalazo sokuphangwa ngo-1957. Kusukela lapho, kwakungenzeka ukukhombisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukusebenza kwezentengiselwano okulandelayo okuhilela izithombe kwakungenjalo. akuvumelekile ngokomthetho, njengoba ziyizingcezu ezivikelwe zesikhumbuzo esimenyezelwe.
Indima ebalulekile yocwaningo lomlando
Umnikelo we UFrancisco Prado-Vilar Uhlonzwe yizo zonke izinhlangothi njengesihluthulelo sokwenza ukubuya kube nokwenzeka. Ucwaningo lwakhe lwedokhumentari luvumele ukwakha kabusha indlela yezithombe eziqoshiwe, thola umbiko wokweba bese uhlanganisa zonke izici zomthetho ezidingekayo ukuze kufakwe isicelo sokubuyiselwa imali.
Isazi-mlando sezobuciko sichaze lesi sikhathi ngokuthi "isenzakalo esingokomlando" eGalicia. Ugcizelela ukuthi iCarboeiro "ingenye yezikhumbuzo zethu eziyinhloko, ezihlobene nesonto elikhulu laseSantiago kanye nendawo yokusebenzela kaMaster Mateo," futhi ukhumbula ukuthi phakathi nekhulu lama-20 yabhekana nezenzo eziningana zokuphangwa ezachitha iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lezithombe zokwakha.
Ngokombono wesitayela, i-Prado-Vilar iveza ukuthi sibhekene nemisebenzi "kuyigugu futhi kuyisisekelo" sokuqonda ubuciko be-Galician RomanesqueUKristu Ohloniphekile uqashelwa “ngesenzo esifana nesikaMathewu” sobuso, esihlobene kakhulu nolimi luka IPortico yeNkazimuloNakuba ukukhululeka kwabavangeli kubonisa ukwakheka lapho izibalo zibonakala sengathi ziyantanta khona, into engavamile futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu esifundweni se-Mateo workshop.
Kumcwaningi, ukubuya kwezithombe kuyinto "ukululama okuyisisekelo kwefa laseGalicia"Hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yobuhle bazo, kodwa futhi ngoba eCarboeiro umongo wokuqala wokwakha ugciniwe, kodwa azikho izingcezu zezithombe ezisele endaweni yazo. Ukuba nalezi zithombe futhi kusenza sikwazi ukwakha kabusha, noma ngabe kuyingxenye, incazelo ye-tympanum yokuqala.
Emcimbini wokwethula eMuseum of Pilgrimages, iziphathimandla zesifunda zibonge ngokusobala uPrado-Vilar ngomsebenzi wakhe kanye nabaholi bezepolitiki ababehilelekile. Izingxoxo zaqala eminyakeni emithathu edlule., lapho iXunta iqala ukuxhumana ngokusemthethweni noMkhandlu Wedolobha laseBarcelona ukuze kufezwe ukudluliselwa.
Izithombe eziqoshiwe kanye nendawo yazo entsha eMnyuziyamu Wezindawo Zokuhamba
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, zombili lezi zithombe zingabukwa phansi kwesakhiwo IMyuziyamu Yezindawo Zokuhambela Nokuhambela I-Santiago, endaweni enendawo yokufinyelela ngokushesha kwezivakashi. Umqondisi wemyuziyamu, U-Esperanza Gigirey, iveze ukuthi imayelana «iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lefa lethu lasendulo", ukuhlanganisa lezi zithombe endabeni edalwa yisikhungo mayelana umlando ongokomoyaubuciko namasiko aseCompostela.
Izingcezu ezibuyile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithombe se-pantocrator, uKristu oBukhosini owayengamele i-tympanum, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi impumuzo nge izimpawu zabavangeli uSanta Luka noSanta JohaneImifanekiso yamatshe yabanye abavangeli ababili, uSanta Matthew noSanta Mark, isagcinwe e-tympanum kaCarboeiro uqobo, okusivumela ukuthi sibone ukwakheka kokuqala yize manje sekuhlukaniswe izindawo ezimbili.
Inketho yokufaka izithombe okwesikhashana eSantiago iphendula isidingo sokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ukuphepha, ukulondolozwa kokuvimbela, kanye nendaba yombukiso ebeka lokho endaweni. Bobabili uHulumeni Wesifunda saseGalician (Xunta) kanye noMkhandlu Wedolobha laseBarcelona bagcizelele ukuthi, ngesikhathi semali mboleko, izithombe zizokwazi ukufinyelela [izinsiza/izinyathelo ezidingekayo]. iziqinisekiso zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo ababenakho eFrederic Marès Museum.
Ukwembulwa kwezithombe emphakathini kudale injabulo enkulu. Ngosuku lokwethulwa kwazo, ekuseni kakhulu, ukuhlangana okungavamile kwezivakashi Babuthana eminyango yemyuziyamu, esePlaza de Platerías, phansi kweSantiago Cathedral, bebonisa isithakazelo somphakathi sokubona le misebenzi futhi endaweni yaseGalician.
Izikhulu, ochwepheshe befa, izakhamuzi zaseSilleda, kanye nababukeli abanelukuluku bahlangana esimweni esihlangene imizwa evinjelwe kanye nomuzwa wobulungiswa befaKwabaningi, kwakuyithuba lokuqala lokubona eduze izithombe ezimbili eziqoshiwe ababezazi kuphela ezithombeni noma ezikhombweni zezincwadi.
Isinyathelo esiphakathi sokubuyela eCarboeiro okuqinisekile
Naphezu kokwaneliseka ngokubuya kwemali, bobabili abaphathi kanye nochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi Le mali mboleko kufanele iqondwe njengesigaba esiphakathiU-Prado-Vilar ngokwakhe ukubeka kanje: «Lesi isinyathelo sokubuyela unomphela. Izithombe ezibaziweyo akumele ziphinde ziphume eGalicia.".
Inhloso efanayo ukuthi, uma iphrojekthi efanelekile yeminyuziyamu esigodlweni sezindela saseCarboeiro uqoboLezi zingcezu zingabuyiselwa eSilleda ukuze zihlanganiswe unomphela enkompolo yezindela. Umqondo uwukuthi indawo yombukiso yesikhathi esizayo ngeke ibonise kuphela izithombe, kodwa futhi izochaza umlando wazo ngendlela efundisayo, okuhlanganisa nokuphangwa kwazo, ucwaningo olwaholela ekubuyiselweni kwazo, kanye nenani lobuciko lesikhumbuzo.
UMeya waseSilleda, UPaula Fernández, owayekhona emcimbini eSantiago, uchaze ukufika kwezithombe eGalicia ngokuthi «isinyathelo sokuqala esibaluleke kakhulu» ngakuye buyela endaweni okufanele zibe kuyo: i-mosteiro de CarboeiroUveze ukubonga kwakhe ngokubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo, kodwa wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi inhloso yomkhandlu ukuthi imisebenzi iqedwe. babuyela “ekhaya” labo uma kukhona ingqalasizinda edingekayo.
UFernández waveza ukuthi isigodlo sezindela sidinga ukungenelela okubalulekile nokuphuthumayo ukuhlangabezana nalezo zindinganiso. Ngokombono wakhe, nakuba kungase kuqondakale ukuthi izingcezu akufanele zivezwe ezimweni zezulu, kufanele ukuba khona ngokomzimba endaweni yezindela, endaweni yangaphakathi efana nemyuziyamu eqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwayo futhi ithuthukise inani layo elingokomfanekiso emphakathini wendawo.
I-Xunta iphinde yagcizelela ukuzimisela kwayo ukusebenzisana noMkhandlu Wedolobha laseSilleda ku- funa amafomula okubambisana kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali lokho kuzovumela ukuthi lo msebenzi ube ngokoqobo. UNgqongqoshe Wezamasiko ugcizelele ukuthi isikhathi semali mboleko yesikhathi eside sinikeza isikhathi esidingekayo sokuklama nokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuvuselela nokuthuthukisa imnyuziyamu odingwa yi-monastery.
Okwamanje, isinyathelo esiphakathi sokuzibonisa eSantiago sinokuchazwa okunesu: kwandisa ulwazi lomphakathi mayelana neCarboeiroKuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwendlu yezindela nesonto elikhulu futhi kusiza ukubeka iphrojekthi yemyuziyamu yesikhathi esizayo njengendawo yokubhekisela endaweni yaseYurophu yamaRoma.
Imiphumela yefa laseGalician kanye nokubuyiselwa okusha okungenzeka
Ngaphandle kwecala elithile likaCarboeiro, lesi sivumelwano sihunyushwa ngokuthi isibonelo esifanele sokubuyiselwa kwezinye izimpahla zamasiko ixhunywe neGalicia manje esezisemamyuziyamu kahulumeni noma angaphandle. Iziphathimandla kanye noPrado-Vilar ngokwakhe babeke izibonelo ezingalandela indlela efanayo.
Phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka: Amakholomu eSan Paio de Antealtares, eyayisekela leyo esesontweni elikhulu laseSantiago futhi okwamanje egcinwe e- I-National Archaeological Museum, eMadridIsazi-mlando sithi okungenani eyodwa noma ezimbili zalezo zinsika zingabuyela eCompostela, kungaba esontweni elikhulu noma emnyuziyamu wendawo, njengengxenye yenqubomgomo ehlukaniswe kakhulu futhi ebambisanayo phakathi kwezikhungo zamasiko.
Ukubuyela kwamuva eGalicia kwe- izithombe zika-Abrahama no-Isaka ezenziwe yiNkosi uMateoLezi zinto zobuciko, ezazisezandleni zomndeni wakwaFranco futhi, ngemva kwenqubo ende yezomthetho, eziye zaboniswa eMuseo do Pobo Galego kusukela ngoDisemba, zihluke kakhulu kule ndlela ende nephikiswana ngayo. Icala likaCarboeiro libonisa isibonelo esicacile salokhu. izinzuzo zengxoxo kanye nezivumelwano phakathi kokuphatha.
UMeya waseSantiago, I-Goretti SanmartínUvikele ngqo lolu hlobo lwefomula yokubambisana njengendlela enengqondo kakhulu yokufeza ezinye izinkokhelo zempahla yezingcezu, yize zisemthethweni eminyuziyamu engaphandle kweGalicia, zimele i- anomaly ngokombono wokuxhumana komlando nongokomfanekiso nendawo okuvela kuyo.
UNgqongqoshe Wezamasiko uvumile ukuthi icala lezithombe zikaCarboeiro ivula umnyango wokuveza izinzuzo ezintshanjalo ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe nezomthetho ezizwakalayo kanye nomgomo ofanayo wokuthi ifa lamasiko lisabela, ngangokunokwenzeka, kumongo walo wokuqala, ngaphandle kokulahla ukubambisana phakathi kweminyuziyamu ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Kulesi simo, ukusebenza ngokubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, abaphathi kanye nezikhungo zemyuziyamu kwembulwa njengethuluzi elibalulekile: imibhalo yomlando eqinile, intando yezepolitiki, kanye nokubambisana kwezikhungo Ziba yizinsika ezintathu lapho ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi ehlakazekile esikhathini esizayo kungasekelwa khona.
I-Carboeiro, “enye i-Portico of Glory” kanye nombono wayo wesikhathi esizayo
I-monastery yaseSan Lourenzo de Carboeiro, etholakala kumasipala waseSilleda (ePontevedra), ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezidumile kakhulu. Izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Romanesque eGaliciaKwakungenye yezindawo zokuqala ukuthola isimemezelo se- I-Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC) emphakathini, ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, futhi igcina ubudlelwano obuseduze kwezobuciko neSantiago Cathedral.
Ucwaningo lwamuva luqinise umbono wokuthi i-portico yaseCarboeiro yenziwe e- izindawo ezizungezile isikole sikaMaster Mateookuholele ochwepheshe abaningi ukuthi babhekisele kuleli qembu ngokuthi “Enye iPortico yeNkazimulo”Lokhu kuxhumana kunezela ukukhanga okukhethekile kokubili izazi zobuciko bamaRoma kanye nomphakathi jikelele onentshisekelo yobuciko besikhathi esiphakathi.
Umeya waseSilleda uphikelela ekubuyiselweni kwezithombe kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kwezokuvakasha kwamasiko yendawo. Ukholelwa ukuthi ukubuyisa lezi zingcezu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu inani lesigodlo sezindela kanye nendawo esizungezile yemvelo, nokuthi singakwazi kwandisa kakhulu ukuvakashaokwenza iCarboeiro ibe yinto ekhangayo kulabo asebevele besondela eSantiago futhi abafuna imizila ehambisanayo.
Kubantu bendawo, ukubuya kobukhulu nakho kubhekwa njengohlobo lwe- isinxephezelo sokuziphatha nesingokomfanekisoNgemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokubuka ingxenye ebalulekile yefa layo inyamalala, ithemba lokuthi lezi zithombe zizobuyela esigodlweni sezindela libhekwa njenge- indaba yobulungiswa bomlando nendawo kanye nezizukulwane ezagcina inkumbulo yempango iphila.
Uma sibheka phambili, inselele ikhona ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yomnyuziyamu eCarboeiro Inhloso ukuhlanganisa lezi zithombe zibe yindlela elandisa indaba yazo ngendlela ecacile nehehayo. Umqondo uwukuba izivakashi ziqonde hhayi nje kuphela ukubaluleka kobuciko bezithombe eziqoshiwe, kodwa futhi nesimo lapho zadalwa khona, ukuphangwa kwazo, isikhathi sazo eBarcelona, kanye nomsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi owenza ukubuya kwazo kwaba nokwenzeka.
Njengoba izithombe eziqoshiwe seziboniswa eMyuziyamu Wezindawo Zokuhamba, inqubo ingena esigabeni esisha: sokuhlanganisa izinhlangano, ukuvikela izinsiza, kanye nokuchaza imodeli yokuphatha eyenza ihambisane. ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside kwemisebenzi ngokuboniswa kwazo endaweni ezazicatshangelwe yona. Lokho eminyakeni embalwa edlule okwakubonakala kuyisifiso sochwepheshe kanye nabantu bendawo sekuguqulwe kwaba iphrojekthi enezinsuku zokugcina, izivumelwano kanye nokusekelwa okubanzi kwezikhungo, okungashintsha imephu yefa lamaRoma eGalicia futhi kusebenze njengereferensi kwamanye amacala eSpain naseYurophu.
