Ekugcineni uhulumeni useqalise inqubo yokuchaza Yiziphi izilwane ezizovunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuhlala emakhaya aseSpain?Ngokukhishwa komthetho wasebukhosini ohlongozwayo ukuze umphakathi uphawule ngawo, uhlu oluhle oludumile lwezilwane ezihambisana nazo luqala ukuthatha isimo sangempela ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokulinda selokhu kwavunyelwa uMthetho 7/2023 ngokuvikelwa kwamalungelo nenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Lolu hlaka olusha lumelela ushintsho olukhulu: Noma yini engavinjelwe ngokucacile ngeke isavunyelwaNgokuphambene nalokho, izinhlobo ezivela ohlwini olusemthethweni olubhalwe yi-Ministry of Social Rights, Consumer Affairs kanye ne-Ajenda ka-2030, ngokusekelwa yikomidi lesayensi elihlanganisa ongqongqoshe, zizovunyelwa ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Inhloso eshiwoyo inezinto ezintathu: inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukuvikelwa kwempilo yomphakathi, kanye ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Luyini Uhlu Lwezilwane Ezihambisanayo Oluhle (i-LPAC)?
Uhlu Lwezilwane Ezihambisana Nazo Luzoba ikhathalogi esemthethweni ye izinhlobo zasendle ezingagcinwa ekuthunjweni njengezilwane ezifuywayoAkulona uhlu oluvulekile, kodwa olunemingcele: noma yini engafakiwe kulolo hlu izokhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ekubeni ngumnikazi wangasese eSpain.
Le ndlela ihlukana nohlelo lwangaphambilini, olwalusekelwe ku- vimbela amacala athile (isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile oluyingozi noma oluhlaselayo) kuyilapho okunye kusavunyelwe, empeleni. Ngemodeli entsha, umqondo uyaguqulwa: umthetho ojwayelekile uwukuvinjelwa kanti okuhlukile kuvela ohlwini.
Umthetho wasebukhosini ohlongozwayo uthi i-LPAC izohlelwa ibe uhlu oluyisithupha oluhlukileIzilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izinhlanzi, kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Iqembu ngalinye lizohlaziywa ngezinhlobo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lingagcinwa yini endaweni yasekhaya enenhlalakahle eqinisekisiwe futhi ngaphandle kokufaka abantu noma indawo engozini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudalwa elinye ithuluzi elihambisanayo, i- Uhlu Lwezinhlobo Zomndeni Ezihambisana Nazo (i-LEDC)Lesi sigaba sihloselwe ukuqoqa izilwane eziye zadlula ezinqubweni zokufuywa isikhathi eside, lapho izinhlobo zofuzo kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane zihlukaniswe ngokusobala kozakwabo basendle. Izinja, amakati, kanye nama-ferret ngeke avele kulolu hlu, njengoba uMthetho 7/2023 usuvele uziqaphela njengezilwane ezihambisana nazo.
Ukuxhumana noMthetho 7/2023 wenhlalakahle yezilwane
Umsuka walo lonke lolu shintsho useku- Umthetho 7/2023 mayelana nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahleUmthetho usuvele usho ukuthi kuzodalwa uhlu oluqondile ezingeni likahulumeni futhi ubeke isikhathi esiphezulu sezinyanga ezingama-24 kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo ukusebenza ukuze kuvunyelwe imithethonqubo yokuqalisa ukusebenza. Lowo mnqamulajuqu usudlulile, kodwa ngomthetho wasebukhosini ohlongozwayo, uHulumeni uzama ukuvala esinye sezahluko ezisele.
Umthetho wethula umqondo oyinhloko: Izilwane ezifakwe ohlwini oluhle kuphela ezingafuywa, zithengiswe futhi zidluliselwe kwabanyeIsigaba 52 sicacile kakhulu kuleli phuzu, sivimbela ngokusobala ukuzalaniswa kanye nokuhweba ngezinhlobo ezingabhalwanga kulolo hlu. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo abafuyi, izitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo, izimakethe eziku-inthanethi, nanoma yimuphi umuntu ofisa ukuthengisa izilwane zakhe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithethonqubo iqinisa ukulawulwa kokuthi ubani onganakekela isilwane. Izitolo nabafuyi kumele baqinisekise, ngodokotela wezilwane, ukuthi umthengi akavunyelwe ukuba nezilwaneUma kwenzeka izinja, umnikazi wazo kudingeka futhi abonise izinga eliphansi lokuqeqeshwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Umthetho usuvele ukwenza kucace ukuthi Izilwane zasekhaya zendabuko zivunyelwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo (izinja, amakati, ama-ferret) kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ezivamile njengegundane elincane, onogwaja, izinyoni ezivalelwe esibayeni, noma izinhlanzi zasemanzini. Lokho okwenziwa yinkosi manje ukungena emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe bese kusungulwa inqubo yokugcwalisa uhlu olujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezinhlobo ezingavamile.
Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokufaka noma ukukhipha izinhlobo
Ukufakwa kwesikhathi esizayo kohlobo oluthile ku-LPAC Ngeke kube yisinqumo sezepolitiki kuphela, kodwa ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe okusekelwa yizimfuneko zesayensi.Umthetho wasebukhosini ohlongozwayo ucacisa isethi yezici okumele zihlolwe ngokwesimo ngasinye ngaphambi kokugunyaza uhlobo njengesilwane esifuywayo.
Phakathi kwezinto ezizocatshangelwa, okulandelayo kuyagqama: ukondla, the usayizi, ingozi, amandla okudlulisa izifoIzidingo zenhlalakahle kanye nomthelela emvelweni kuyacatshangelwa. Kufunwa ibhalansi phakathi kwelungelo labantu lokuba nezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe wokugwema izingozi ezingadingekile.
Umthetho ugcizelela ukuthi kumele kube khona ulwazi olwanele lwesayensi noma lwezincwadi Ngokuphathelene nezimo zokugcina uhlobo ngalunye luvalelwe, okuhlanganisa indawo yokuhlala, ukuzalanisa, kanye nokuzala, akwanele ukuthi isilwane simane sithandwe emakethe; kuzodingeka ukukhombisa ukuthi umuntu uyazi ukuthi angasinakekela kanjani kahle ezimweni zasekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhalo wethula ngokucacile lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isimiso sokuzivikelaUma kukhona ukungabaza okunengqondo mayelana nokufaneleka kokufaka uhlobo oluthile noma izingozi zalo ezingaba khona, inketho yokuqala kuyoba ukungalugunyazi. Lokhu kukhetha indlela yokulondoloza kunesikhala esingaba nzima ukusilungisa kamuva.
Ukudla, usayizi, ubuthi, kanye ne-zoonosis: izihlungi ezibalulekile
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zale phrojekthi ukubhekisela ngqo ku- ukudla kwezilwaneKuzokhethwa kakhulu izinhlobo ezingadingi ukudla ezinye izilwane ezinethambo lomgogodla eziphilayo, okuhlose ukunciphisa izinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nobunzima obusebenzayo ekuzigcineni njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Umbhalo uphinde ubeke imikhawulo ekhombayo isisindo esiphezuluIzilwane ezincelisayo akufanele zidlule ama-5 kg ​​uma sezikhulile, kanti izilwane ezihuquzelayo akufanele zidlule ama-2 kg. Lezi akuzona izibalo eziphelele, kodwa zisebenza njengereferensi yokususa izilwane ezinkulu eziphathwayo futhi ezihlala kuzo kunzima noma okungenakwenzeka emindenini eminingi.
La ingozi eqondile Futhi idlala indima ebalulekile. Izinhlobo ezinesihlungu noma lezo ezingadala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni kubantu zizokhishwa ohlwini oluhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuhlolwa kwengozi yezilwane, okungukuthi, amathuba okuba ukudlulisela izifo kubantu, into ebucayi kakhulu ngemva kobhubhane.
Ngaphezu kwala maphuzu, indinganiso inaka izinto ezifana ne- izimo zemvelo ezidingekayo ekuthunjweni (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, isikhala esincane), ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwalolu hlobo, kanye nesikhathi salo sokuphila. Izilwane ezidinga izinsiza ezikhethekile kakhulu, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, noma izikhala ezinkulu zingase zingafaneleki kahle empilweni yansuku zonke yefulethi elivamile.
Yiziphi izilwane ezikhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo
Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezijwayelekile, umthetho wobukhosi ohlongozwayo ubeka ezinye izigaba ezingase zingabhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimoLona udaba lwe izilwane, okuzovinjelwa ubunikazi bawo obuzimele, kanye nohlobo lwezilwane zangaphandle ezihlaselayo i-European Union ezibhale njengezikhathaza kakhulu.
Okunye okungafakwanga izinhlobo zasendle ezivikelwe ngemithethonqubo ye-EU noma izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe eziqinisekiswe yiSpain, kanye nalezo ezingekho ngokwemvelo ezweni futhi ezinemikhawulo ethile yokuba nezilwane. Lesi sigaba sithinta ngqo ingxenye yemakethe yezilwane zakwamanye amazwe ebilokhu isebenza endaweni engcolile iminyaka eminingi.
Ukukhishwa kwesikhashana kudlulela naku izilwane zasendle ngokuvamileNgisho noma igcinwe ekuthunjweni. Ngamanye amazwi, iqiniso lokuthi isilwane sivela ekuzalweni okuvalelwe akwanele ukubheka njengesilwane esifuywayo uma uhlobo lwaso lubhekwa njengezilwane zasendle ezingafuywayo. Le ndlela iveza umugqa ocacile phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezilwane zasendle.
Endabeni yohlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane zasekhaya ezihambisanayo, lesi sinqumo sichaza ezinye izinto ezingafakwanga: Azivunyelwe izinja, amakati kanye nama-ferret ngoba kakade banesakhiwo sabo somthetho, futhi imfuyo efana nezinkomo, izingulube, noma izinkukhu ngeke ifakwe. Izilwane zasendle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zizalelwe endle noma zithunjiwe, nazo ngeke zifakwe.
Izibonelo ezithile: izinyoka, ama-hedgehog, ama-parrot, nezinye izilwane ezingavamile
Nakuba isinqumo sobukhosi esibhaliwe singakaniki uhlu oluvaliwe lwezinhloboUkuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokuhlola kusenza sikwazi ukuthola umbono wokuthi kuzokwenzekani kwamanye amaqembu abelokhu ethandwa iminyaka eminingi, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezingavamile eziye zathandwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Endabeni izinyoka ezinkulu, njengezinyoni eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-pythonIsimo siyinkimbinkimbi. Umkhawulo wesisindo samakhilogremu amabili wezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi noma lezo ezinezinga lokushisa elithile, isikhala, kanye nezidingo zokudla kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zifakwe ohlwini oluvunyiwe. Ukuzalanisa nokuthola izinhlobo ezintsha kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, yize labo asebevele benazo ngokusemthethweni bangazigcina ngaphansi kohlelo lwesikhashana.
I-Los ama-erizos Zimelela icala elingacacile. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-hedgehog yase-Afrika ekhuliswe eboshiwe, ziye zathengiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo iminyaka eminingi, kanti ezinye zivikelwe noma zingase zihlasele. Umthetho kanye nohlu oluzayo oluhle lusikisela ukuthi yizinhlobo ezingahlaseli, ezingavikelwe, futhi ezinezidingo zenhlalakahle ezilawulekayo ekhaya elijwayelekile kuphela ezingagunyazwa. Kuze kube yilapho uhlu luqediwe, ukungaqiniseki kuzohlala kubanikazi bezilwane eziningi ezifuywayo.
Emkhakheni we izinyoni exoticIsimo sihlukile kakhulu. Ama-budgies, ama-cockatiel, kanye nezinyoni zothando okwamanje zibhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezivamile futhi cishe zizohlala zinjalo, njengoba zifanelana kangcono nezindinganiso zokufuywa nokuphathwa kwazo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezinamandla okuhlasela noma ezinesidingo sezenhlalo nesesikhala okunzima ukuzihlangabeza zingakhishwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezifana nama-parakeet, esezivele zibangele izinkinga emadolobheni amaningana aseSpain.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhomba ku- ukwehla okukhulu kokuba khona kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zasendle emakhaya, kufaka phakathi ama-iguana amakhulu, ama-chameleon athambile, ama-meerkat, noma izilwane ezincane ezidla inyama ezingafuywayo. Lezi yizinhlobo, yize zingase zikhange amehlo, ezingavamile ukuzivumelanisa kahle nokuhlala efulethini futhi zibangela izingozi noma izidingo ezingaphezu kwalokho okufanelekile kubaninikhaya abaningi.
Umbuso wesikhashana wezilwane ezitholwe ngaphambi komthethonqubo
Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kulabo asebenazo kakade emakhaya. izilwane ezingashiywa ohlwini oluhleUmthetho 7/2023 kanye nomthetho wasebukhosini ohlongozwayo uhlinzeka ngombuso wesikhashana: ngokuvamile, izilwane ezitholwe ngokusemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba umthetho omusha ugcinwe, kodwa ngemibandela.
Abanikazi bazoba fakazela imvelaphi esemthethweni yesilwaneZibhalise uma kudingeka futhi uqinisekise izimo zenhlalakahle ezanele. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuzaliswa nokudluliselwa kwalezi zinhlobo kuzovinjelwa, ukuze uma sezifile ngokwemvelo, zingashintshwa ezinye zezinhlobo ezifanayo uma zisusiwe ohlwini.
Lo mbhalo uphinde ucacise ukuthi, uma inhlalakahle encane edingekayo ingenakuqinisekiswa, imiphakathi ezimele izokwazi ukungenelela futhi baphathe izilwane ukuze bazithuthele ezindaweni ezifanele. Lokhu kuvula ithuba lokuthi ezinye izilwane zigcine zigcinwe yiziphathimandla zomphakathi noma izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi, ngale kohlaka lukahulumeni, Imiphakathi ezimele ingase ibeke izidingo ezengeziwe noma beka izinsuku zokugcina ezithile zokulungisa izimo zesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, isincomo esijwayelekile ukuthi abanikazi bezinhlobo ezingavamile babheke kokubili imithetho yesifundazwe neyesifunda esebenza endaweni yabo.
Indima yeKomidi Lesayensi kanye neminyango ehilelekile
Ukuze kuhlanganiswe uhlu, uHulumeni uzoba IKomidi Lesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe Lokuvikela Namalungelo Ezilwane, inhlangano yongqongqoshe ehlanganisa abameleli bamalungelo omphakathi, i-Ecological Transition kanye ne-Demographic Challenge, i-Health and Agriculture, i-Fisheries kanye nokudla.
Leli komidi lizoba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhipha imibono mayelana nokwelulekwa kokufaka noma ukukhipha izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, kusetshenziswa izindlela zenhlalonhle, impilo kanye nomthelela wemvelo ezibekwe emthethweni kanye nesinqumo sasebukhosini. Imibiko yabo izosebenza njengesisekelo sokubuyekeza nokulungisa uhlu oluhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.ukufaka ubufakazi obusha besayensi noma ulwazi lokuphatha.
Iqiniso lokuthi kuneminyango eminingana ehilelekile libonisa lokho Ukulawulwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo akugcini nje endabeni yokuziphatha okuhlekodwa kunemiphumela eqondile empilweni yomphakathi, ukuphepha kwezakhamuzi, ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokulawulwa kokuhweba ngezilwane zasendle emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esiguquguqukayo salolu hlu sisho ukuthi izinhlobo ngeke zifakwe unomphela. Kuye ngokuthuthuka kolwazi lwesayensi noma ukuvela kwezinkinga ezintsha, Izinhlobo zingangezwa noma zisusweLokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka okuthile kodwa futhi kwethula ukungaqiniseki kwesikhathi esimaphakathi kwemikhakha yezomnotho kanye nabanikazi.
Umthelela kubafuyi, ezitolo nakubanikazi
Ukuqaliswa kohlu oluhle kuzoba ne- umthelela oqondile emkhakheni wezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamileokuye kwasebenza iminyaka eminingi ngenkululeko enkulu ngaphandle kwasezimweni ezithile zokuvinjelwa. Ngesimiso esisha, izinhlobo ezigunyaziwe ngokucacile kuphela ezingathengiswa, zizalwe, futhi zidluliselwe kwabanye.
Kwabafuyi kanye nezindawo ezikhethekile, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi ukuqondisa ingxenye yomsebenzi wabo ezinhlotsheni zasekhaya noma ezivunyelwe ngokucacilefuthi bayeke ezinye izinketho ezazinikezwa kuze kube manje ngaphandle kwezithiyo eziningi kakhulu. Kuzoba nezibopho ezengeziwe zokwazisa umthengi nokunikeza ubufakazi obubhaliwe mayelana nemvelaphi yezilwane.
Ngokuqondene nabanikazi, umphumela oyinhloko uzoba ukuthi, Ngaphambi kokuthenga isilwane, kufanele uhlole ukuthi sisohlwini oluhle yini. noma uma kwenzeka izilwane zasekhaya ezihambisanayo. Ukuthengwa kwezilwane zakwamanye amazwe ngokuphamazela kuzovinjelwa kakhulu yile mingcele esemthethweni.
Lolu shintsho lomthetho, ngokusho koMnyango Wezamalungelo Omphakathi, luhlose ukunciphisa izinkinga ezihambisana nokugcina izinhlobo ezingafanele, kusukela ekushiyweni kuya ekukhululweni endle, okuhlanganisa izimo zokuhlukunyezwa ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi noma ukuntuleka okukhulu kwezikhungo ezizimele.
Isilinganiso esihambisana namanye amazwe aseYurophu
ISpain ayiqali kusukela ekuqaleni ngalolu hlobo lomthetho. Uhlu oluhle lwezilwane ezihambisanayo Ilandela indlela yamazwe amaningana aseYurophu abesebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo iminyaka eminingi. ukulawula ukuba nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile nokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Izifundazwe esezivele zinezinhlelo ezifanayo zifaka phakathi IBelgium, iNetherlands, iLuxembourg, iCyprus, iCroatia, iNorway, iLithuania, noma iMaltaKwamanye amazwe afana neFrance, iFinland neSlovenia, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuthuthukisa imithethonqubo ethile yokusebenzisa le ndlela kancane kancane.
UMnyango Wezamalungelo Ezenhlalo ugcizelela ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zibonakalise ziwusizo ku- ukunqanda ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kwezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe kanye nokunciphisa inani lezilwane zasendle ezigcina zihlala ezimweni ezingafanele emakhaya abantu.
Ngokuvunyelwa kwesinqumo sasebukhosini, iSpain izovumelana nalo mkhuba waseYurophu, ifake izindlela ezihambisanayo kanye nezinkomba zemithethonqubo yoMphakathi, njengomthethonqubo ka-2014 wezinhlobo zangaphandle ezihlaselayo, osevele ubeka imikhawulo ethile ekungenisweni nasekusabalaleni kwezinhlobo ezithile.
Ukulalelwa komphakathi kanye nolwazi: indlela yokubamba iqhaza kule nqubo
Umthetho wobukhosi ohlongozwayo usufikile manje isigaba sokulalelwa kanye nolwazi lomphakathiLesi isinyathelo esiyimpoqo ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa kokugcina. Le nqubo ivumela izakhamuzi, izinhlangano, izinhlangano zobungcweti, izinhlangano zemikhakha, kanye nanoma yiliphi iqembu elinentshisekelo ukuthi lithumele imibono kanye neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa.
Isikhathi sokugcina sokufaka izinsolo Ivuliwe ngo-Ephreli 17 futhi izoqhubeka kuze kube uMeyi 8, 2026Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iminikelo ingabhaliswa ngewebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezamalungelo Ezenhlalo, Izindaba Zabathengi kanye ne-Ajenda ka-2030, kusetshenziswa amafomu asemthethweni avunyelwe le njongo.
UMnyango uqobo ugcizelela ukuthi inhloso qoqa imibono yemikhakha ethintekile, kusukela ezweni lezokwelapha zezilwane noma izinhlangano zokuvikela izilwane kuya kubameleli bezohwebo ezikhethekile kanye nabanikazi abazimele.
Umphumela wale nqubo ngeke ube yinto elula: izinsolo zingathinta izici ezibalulekile, njengokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani indlela yokuguqula, incazelo yeminye imibono, noma izidingo zedokhumenti zokubonisa ukuba semthethweni kobunikazi bezilwane obukhona.
Ngokusetshenziswa kohlu oluhle kanye nohlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane zasekhaya, iSpain iqhubekela phambili imodeli enemingcele kodwa futhi ecacile mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izilwane ezingahlala ekhaya futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Nakuba uhlu lokugcina lwezinhlobo lusalindile, umyalezo oyisisekelo ucacile: izilwane ezifuywayo zasekhaya zendabuko ziyathandwa, futhi ukugcinwa kwezilwane zasendle nezingaphandle kunqunyelwe kakhulu, kugxilwe enhlalakahleni yezilwane, impilo yabantu, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlelo zemvelo.
