Eminyakeni yamuva, i ukuphuza i-melatonin ukuze ulale kangcono Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda kakhulu phakathi kwamalungu amancane omndeni. Lokho okwaqala njengosizo lwesikhashana lokungalali kubantu abadala, emakhaya amaningi, sekuyindlela "yokulungisa ngokushesha" izinkinga zokulala zezingane, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esifanele.
Lo mkhuba uyakhathaza kakhulu Imiphakathi yesayensi yezingane kanye nokulala eSpainSekuyisikhathi eside bexwayisa ngokuthi i-melatonin ayilona uswidi noma ikhambi elingenangozi. Nakuba ithengiswa njengesengezo sokudla futhi ihlotshaniswa nokuthile "okwemvelo," iyi-hormone ethinta iwashi lezinto eziphilayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinganeni kumele kube nokufaneleka futhi kuhlale kuqondiswa uchwepheshe wezempilo.
Iyini i-melatonin futhi kungani ikhuthaza ukuzethemba okungaka?
I-Melatonin iyi- i-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo yi-pineal gland, isakhiwo esincane esitholakala ebuchosheni. Ukukhiqizwa kwaso kuyanda ebumnyameni futhi kusiza ekulawuleni umjikelezo wokulala nokuvuka, yingakho saziwa ngokuthi “i-hormone yokulala”.
Ngefomethi yezentengiselwano, yethulwa nge- amaphilisi, ama-capsule noma ama-gummies futhi ikhuthazwa njengosizo lokulala. Emazweni amaningi, ithengiswa njengesengezo sokudla esithengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, okuqinisa umbono wokuthi iphephile. ESpain, yize izethulo zekhemisi zitholakala, ingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa yenzeka ngaphansi kwelebula lika isithasiselo sokudla, ngezilawuli ezingaqinile kangako kunezomuthi.
Ngokusho kwezifundo ezahlukahlukene, ingxenye enkulu yemindeni ibona i-melatonin njenge "ukwelashwa kwemvelo" futhi cishe akunazo izingoziEzinhlolovo ezenziwe eSpain, cishe abazali abangu-40% bayibona njengenjalo, kanti cishe abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi banomuzwa wokuthi ingumkhiqizo ophephile. Lo mbono wokungabi nangozi ungenye yezizathu ezichaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo okwandayo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi i-melatonin Akufanele iphathwe njengesengezo njeKuyi-hormone enemiphumela ezinqubweni ezibalulekile zebhayoloji futhi, ngakho-ke, kufanele ilandelwe yizindlela zokuqapha ezifanayo njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuthi, ikakhulukazi uma unikezwa izingane.
Imiphakathi yezingane kanye neyokulala eSpain iphakamisa intukuthelo
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinhlangano eziningana zesayensi zaseSpain—kufaka phakathi ISpanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), lo Inhlangano YaseSpain Yezingane Ezingalaliswa Esibhedlela Nasesibhedlela Esiyinhloko (i-Sepeap), lo Inhlangano YaseSpain Yezingane Zokunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo (i-Aepap) futhi i I-Spanish Society of Pediatric Neurology (i-Senep)— bashicilele idokhumenti ehlanganyelwe lapho babonisa khona Ukukhathazeka ngokumaketha okungenamkhawulo kwe-melatonin kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezinganeni ngaphandle kokuqashwa kwezempilo.
Lowo mbhalo usuvele uxwayisile ngakho "Ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kabi" kwamalungiselelo e-melatonin ezinganeniUgcizelele ukuthi yayinikezwa “ngaphandle kwesidingo sencwadi kadokotela noma ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha.” Umyalezo wawucacile: ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwale mikhiqizo njengokungathi ayinangozi kungaholela ezinkingeni esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, ikakhulukazi ngoba kwakukhona ukuntuleka kwedatha eqinile ngemiphumela yayo ebuntwaneni.
Ukungakhululeki kule miphakathi kuqiniswe yi- Inhlangano Yokulala YaseSpain (i-SES)Le nhlangano ibuyisele lolu daba phambili ngokwethulwa kwedatha entsha emhlanganweni wayo waminyaka yonke eGranada. Ngokusho kwale nhlangano, isimo asizange nje sehluleke ukuthuthuka, kodwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-melatonin ukubhekana nezinkinga zokulala zezingane sekuvame kakhulu.
I-SES igcizelela ukuthi, nakuba i-melatonin ingaba usizo ezimweni ezithile kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi ezinganeni ezincane ngaphandle kokuxilongwa okunembile Lokhu kudala ingozi engenakwenqatshwa, ikakhulukazi lapho imindeni inolwazi oluncane mayelana nemiphumela emibi engaba khona.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe emindenini engaphezu kuka-800: ukuzelapha kanye nokwelashwa isikhathi eside
Emhlanganweni Waminyaka Yonke wama-34 we-Spanish Sleep Society, ucwaningo olusekelwe ezinhlolovo zemindeni engaphezu kuka-800 nezingane ezithola noma ezike zathola i-melatonin. Imiphumela iphakamise ukukhathazeka phakathi kochwepheshe bokulala kwezingane.
Ngokwalolu cwaningo, Imindeni engama-33% yaqala ukunikeza izingane zayo i-melatonin ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kusengaphambili.Ezimweni eziningi, isinqumo senziwe ngemuva kokuthola izincomo ezivela ezihlotsheni noma kubangani, noma ngemuva kokufunda izeluleko nobufakazi ku-inthanethi nakwezokuxhumana.
U-Elena Martínez-Cayuelas, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningoIveza ukuthi lokhu kwelapha ngokwakho kungase kubonise ukuthi ochwepheshe bezempilo abanazo njalo amathuluzi adingekayo noma isikhathi esanele sokwenza kanjalo. ukubhekana nezinkinga zokulala ezikhathaza abazaliNjengoba ibhekene nokuntuleka kwezimpendulo ezicacile ngesikhathi sokubonisana, imindeni eminingi ikhetha ukufuna izixazululo ngokwayo.
Elinye iphuzu elikhathazayo kakhulu ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa: Imindeni engama-54% iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-melatonin izinyanga noma ngisho neminyakaFuthi cishe ezimweni eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi, akukho ukulandelwa kwezokwelapha nhlobo. Ngamanye amazwi, kuba yinto ejwayelekile yasebusuku ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu ahlole ukuthi kusadingeka noma kufanelekile.
Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe nokuntuleka kolwazi okuphawulekayo: nxazonke Imindeni engama-80% iyavuma ukuthi ayazi ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona mayelana ne-melatonin, noma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo ebuntwaneni kungase kuhilelani, yize abantu abaningi beyibona njengephephile futhi abaningi beyibheka njengenye indlela "yemvelo".
I-Melatonin: i-hormone, hhayi amaswidi
Omunye wemiyalezo ephindaphindwa kakhulu ngochwepheshe ukuthi I-Melatonin iyi-hormone, hhayi amaswidi.Lowo mqondo, ongase ubonakale usobala, uyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi kungani imiphakathi eminingi yesayensi idinga ukuqapha lapho inikezwa izingane.
UMartínez-Cayuelas kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ilebula elithi “lemvelo” Kuholela umuntu ekucabangeni ukuthi akunakulimaza.Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Iqiniso lokuthi into ethile ivela ngokwemvelo emzimbeni akusho ukuthi ukuphathwa kwayo ngaphandle, ngemithamo ethile nangesikhathi eside, akusebenzi. Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi kufanele icatshangelwe futhi ilawulwe ngokubaluleka okufanayo neminye imithi.
El iphrofayili yokuphepha yesikhathi esifushane Ukusetshenziswa kwe-melatonin ezinganeni ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokwamukelekayo ezifundweni ezitholakalayo, ngemiphumela emibi evame ukuba mincane futhi yesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, kuyaqashelwa ukuthi kukhona Ulwazi oluncane ngemiphumela yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinempilo ezingenazo izinkinga zezinzwa.
Ngokuvumelana nalokho, imibhalo eminingana yokuvumelana ikhomba ingozi engaba khona yenkolelo-mbono mayelana ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gonadal kanye nokuthombaNgesikhathi sokuthomba, amazinga e-melatonin angokwemvelo avame ukwehla ngokwemvelo. Ukwengezwa okuqhubekayo kungaphazamisa le nqubo, yize ubufakazi busalinganiselwe futhi kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa noma ukuqeda lo mphumela.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-melatonin ithonya i-glucose metabolism kanye nezinye izinhlelo zama-hormone, okubonwe ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni kubantu abadala kodwa okucatshangelwayo lapho kunconywa ukuthi kuqashelwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinganeni.
Yini eyaziwayo ngokusebenza kwayo kanye nokuphepha kwayo ezinganeni
Ucwaningo lwesayensi olutholakalayo lubonisa ukuthi i-melatonin Kungaba usizo kumaphrofayili athile eziguli zezinganeikakhulukazi uma kunezinkinga zokukhula kwemizwa noma izimo zemizwa ezenza kube nzima ukulala.
Umsebenzi oshicilelwe ku I-JAMA Network ivuliweLolu cwaningo, olubukeze izifundo ezingaba ngamashumi amabili ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-6, lusikisela ukuthi i-melatonin ingasiza thuthukisa ukuqala kokulala ezinganeni ezinezinkinga ze-autism spectrum noma ezinye izinkinga zezinzwa, njalo ngaphakathi kohlaka lokwelashwa okuqondisiwe kanye nezikhathi ezinqunyelwe.
ESpain, umongameli we- I-Spanish Federation of Sleep Medicine Societies, uJavier Egea Santaolalla, ibonise ukuthi idatha etholakalayo ikhomba ku- ukuphepha okuhle ekwelashweni okuhlala unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili kula maqembu eziguli ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kwenza kucace ukuthi le miphumela ayikwazi ukuhunyushwa nje ku- izingane ezinempilo ezikhula kahle abathatha isikhathi eside ukulala noma ukuvuka njalo.
Okunye ukubuyekezwa, okushicilelwe ku- Ama-Annals of Pediatrics Ngokubambisana kwe-Spanish Association of Pediatrics kanye ne-Spanish Sleep Society, kuphetha ngokuthi Imiphumela emibi ivame ukungabi vamile.Uma zivela, ezivame kakhulu yikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, isicanucanu kanye nokulala emini, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokusebenzisa ngokweqile noma izindlela zokwelashwa ezingalungiswanga kahle.
Lowo mbhalo ofanayo ukhuluma ngokusolakala kokuthi kungenzeka umphumela wokuxhuzula Kweziguli ezithile ezinesifo sokuwa, ucwaningo oluncane lubonise ukuthi izingane ezine kweziyisithupha ezelashwe nge-5 mg ye-melatonin zathola ukwanda kokuwa. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezalandela zibonise imiphumela engqubuzanayoFuthi kukhona ngisho nocwaningo oluphakamisa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ukulawulwa kokuquleka kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sokuquleka. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola icala ngalinye ngokwalo kanye nokuqapha okukhulu ezinganeni ezinomlando wokuquleka.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi echazwe emtholampilo?
Nakuba iningi lezingane ezithatha i-melatonin Akuvezi zinkinga ezinkulu.Izincwadi zezokwelapha kanye nemibiko yokuqapha imithi ibilokhu iqoqa uchungechunge lwemiphumela engafuneki okufanele yaziwe.
Kuchazwa ukusabela okuvame kakhulu ukulala ngokweqile kwaseminiKungase kube nomuzwa wesiyezi noma ukuntuleka kwamandla, ikakhulukazi uma umthamo uphezulu noma unikezwa sekwephuzile. Kungase kube nekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla (kufaka phakathi isifo sohudo), kanye nokucasuka.
Abanye abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka babika ukubonakala kwe- amaphupho amabi noma amaphupho acacile kakhuluUkushintshashintsha kwemizwa, ukukhathazeka okukhulu, noma ukwethuka kungase kwenzeke. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu ziyaphela lapho umthamo ulungiswa noma isithasiselo siyekwa, kodwa zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi akuyona into engenangozi nhlobo.
Imibiko yakamuva ikhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile Kungabangela ukozela okukhulu, isiyezi esikhulu, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ngisho izinkinga zesikhashana zezinzwaEzimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezingavamile kodwa ezibhalwe phansi, imiphumela yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi noma yesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iye yachazwa, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokudlula ngokweqile okukhulu.
Ngenxa yalezi zindlela zokusabela ezingaba khona, iziqondiso zochwepheshe zincoma ukuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye ngokucophelela ezinganeni ezinezifo zokuzivikela komzimba, izimila zegazi, i-asthma engalawulwa kahle, isifo sikashukela noma isifo sokuwa esisebenzayo, phakathi kwezinye izifo, ngaphambi kokucabangela ukwelashwa nge-melatonin.
Ukuzelapha, ezokuxhumana nabantu, kanye nomuzwa wokulondeka ongamanga
Esinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu ochwepheshe baseSpain ukusetshenziswa kwe-melatonin ezinganeni Ngokuvamile kuqhutshwa yizincomo ezingakahleleki. kanye nemiyalezo enganembile esakazwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana eziku-inthanethi.
Idatha eyethulwe yi-Spanish Sleep Society ikhombisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yemindeni yaqala ukunikeza izingane zayo i-melatonin. ngeseluleko somndeni noma abanganeFuthi enye ingxenye ebalulekile yenze kanjalo ngemuva kokubonisana namabhulogi, amavidiyo noma izincwadi ezisekelweni zedijithali lapho ama-gummies noma amaphilisi e-melatonin ethulwa khona njengohlobo "lwesinqamuleli" sezingane ukuze zilale kahle.
Ukuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa okucacile njengomuthi kweminye yale mithi kudala umuzwa wokulondeka ongamangaNjengoba kungabhekwa njengomuthi, abanye abazali bakholelwa ukuthi akudingekile ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane, njengoba nje bengase bangenzi isikhathi sokuxoxa ngokumnika noma i-vitamin.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano ze-SES kanye nezinhlangano zezingane zikhomba ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifomethi (ithebhulethi, i-capsule, noma i-gummy), into esebenzayo iyi-hormone efanayo ngakho-ke, Kufanele kuhambisane nezinqubo zezokwelapha kanye nezilawuli zomthetho eqinile, ikakhulukazi uma iqondiswe ezinganeni ezincane.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba uqaphele kakhulu nge- izethulo ngendlela “yezinto ezidliwayo”, njengamaswidi e-gummy, angaba mnandi kakhulu ezinganeni futhi akhuthaze ukumuncwa ngengozi noma ukudlula ngokweqile uma kungagcinwanga ngokuphephile.
I-melatonin inganikezwa nini ezinganeni?
Naphezu kwazo zonke izixwayiso, ochwepheshe abayenzi i-melatonin ibe yimbi futhi abayikhiphi ngokuphelele ekwelapheni izinkinga zokulala ezinganeni. Eqinisweni, kukhona ukuvumelana okubanzi kokuthi Kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo ezimweni ezithile kakhuluuma nje isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha nangaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.
Kokubili i-Spanish Federation of Sleep Medicine Societies kanye namaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo e-Spanish Association of Pediatrics abonisa ukuthi i-melatonin ingacatshangelwa ku- izingane ezinezinkinga ze-neurodevelopmental —njenge-autism spectrum disorder—, kanye nakwezinye izifo zesigqi se-circadian, isibonelo ezinye izimo ze-delayed phase syndrome, lapho izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka kokulala kanye nezinye izindlela zokungenelela zinganele.
Kulezi zimo, okulandelayo kuyanconywa: imithamo ephansi, enqunyelwe isikhathi esinqunyelwe futhi ibuyekezwa njalo, kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kabusha. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kangcono ekwakhiweni okukhishwa ngokushesha noma okukhishwa isikhathi eside kuye ngohlobo lwenkinga (ubunzima bokulala noma ukuhlala ulele).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugcizelelwa ukuthi i-melatonin kufanele ibe yingxenye ye- uhlelo oluphelele lokwelapha ukungakwazi ukulala kwenganeokuhlanganisa izinguquko zokuziphatha, imfundo ngemikhuba yokulala, ukwelashwa kwengqondo nokuziphatha okufanele iminyaka, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinye izimbangela zezokwelapha noma zengqondo ezingase zibe imbangela yale nkinga.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimo ezithile, ochwepheshe baseSpain batusa ukuba uqaphele kakhulu futhi Gwema ukusebenzisa njalo ezinganeni ezinempilo abalala kabi isikhashana, into engase ihlobane nokushintsha kwendlela osebenza ngayo, ukucindezeleka, ukusebenzisa kakhulu izikrini noma ukuntuleka kwemingcele ngesikhathi sokulala.
Kungani kunganconywa ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuqashwa ngudokotela
Izixwayiso ezivela kwi-Spanish Sleep Society kanye nezinhlangano zezingane zinesici esifanayo: Ungasebenzisi i-melatonin ezinganeni ngokwakho., ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kochwepheshe okufakazela inkomba yayo.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokungalali kahle noma ubunzima bokulala ebuntwaneni Akusona isifo ngokwaso, kodwa kuyisibonakalisoIzimbangela eziyisisekelo zingasukela emikhubeni emibi kuya ezinkingeni ezingokomzwelo, izinkinga zokukhathazeka, i-ADHD, i-sleep apnea, noma ezinye izimo ezidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ukuthembela kuphela ku-melatonin kuyingozi yokufihla imbangela eyisisekelo.
Okwesibili, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha kwandisa amathuba okuba neziqondiso ezinganeleLokhu kusebenza kokubili kumthamo kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kanye nobude bokwelashwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi.
Okokugcina, ukuntuleka kokulandelela kwenza kube nzima ukufeza thola izinkinga zokuphepha ezingaba khona ngesikhathiikakhulukazi uma ukwengezwa kokudla kuqhubeka izinyanga noma iminyaka. Esimweni lapho idatha eqinile ngemiphumela yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ebuntwaneni isantuleka, lokhu kungabikho kokuqapha kubhekwa njengokukhathazayo kakhulu.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, imiphakathi yesayensi iphikelela ngokuthi noma yisiphi isinqumo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-melatonin ezinganeni kumele Lokhu kufanele kuthathwe ngokubambisana nodokotela wezingane noma uchwepheshe wezokulala.ozohlola umlando wezokwelapha, ahlole ezinye izinketho, futhi uma ekugcineni kubonisiwe, anqume umthamo ofanele kakhulu nesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Okunye okubalulekile: inhlanzeko yokulala kanye nokushintsha kwemikhuba
Ngaphambi kokucabangela i-melatonin, ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa zonke ezinye izinketho. izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka zokulalaokuvame ukwanele ukuthuthukisa ukulala kwezingane ngaphandle kwesidingo sezithasiselo.
Phakathi kwalezi ziqondiso eziyisisekelo, ochwepheshe bokulala kwezingane baveza okulandelayo njengokuyisisekelo: ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni kwemvelo ekuseni kanye nokugcina izikhathi zokulala ezijwayelekile kanye nezikhathi zokuvuka, okuhlanganisa nezimpelasonto. Imizimba yezingane isebenza kahle kakhulu ngemikhuba ebikezelwayo, njengokuthi imikhuba yokubuyela esikoleni.
Kunconywa futhi ukuthi kukhawulelwe ngokuqinile ukuchayeka esikrinini emahoreni angaphambi kokulalaAmathelevishini, omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi, nemidlalo yevidiyo kukhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwe-melatonin emzimbeni futhi kuvuselele isimiso sezinzwa, okwenza kube nzima ukulala. Okungcono kakhulu, la madivayisi kufanele acinywe okungenani ihora elilodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokulala.
Enye insika ukudala indawo yokuphumula efanelekileIgumbi lokulala elimnyama nelithule, noma elinomsindo omhlophe othambile uma kudingeka, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kancane, kanye nokungabikho kwezinto ezishukumisa ingane. Isimiso sokulala esibikezelwayo—ukugeza okufudumele, ukufunda indaba, umculo ophumuzayo—kusiza ukutshela ubuchopho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuphumula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi izingane zenze umsebenzi womzimba wansuku zonkeOkungcono kakhulu, ubuthongo kufanele bube ekuseni noma ntambama kakhulu, futhi kufanele kugcinwe ukudla okunempilo, kugwenywe ukudla kwakusihlwa okunzima kanye neziphuzo ezine-caffeine noma ushukela ntambama kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila zithuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi kanye nenani lokulala ngaphandle kwesidingo semithi.
Uma sibheka lo mongo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-melatonin ezinganeni kuyindaba edinga ukuqaphela: yize kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo elinephrofayili enhle yokuphepha amacala athile futhi akhethwe kahleImiphakathi yesayensi eyinhloko yaseSpain isikhumbuza ukuthi lokhu akufanele kube yindlela yokuqala yanoma iyiphi inkinga yokulala kwengane, futhi akufanele kusetshenziswe njengesixazululo esisheshayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sochwepheshe. Ukubeka phambili inhlanzeko yokulala, ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane, kanye nokuhlola icala ngalinye ngokwalo kuseyindlela enengqondo kakhulu yokuvikela impilo esele kanye neyesikhathi eside yezingane ezincane.
