Impendulo esheshayo nelula yokuthi kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuthi umoya osemkhathini woMhlaba umunca ukukhanya kwelanga okutholayo . Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusakazeka kakhulu kuneminye imibala ngoba kuhamba ngamagagasi amafushane nabanzi. Futhi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusakazeka emoyeni wonke, okwenza isibhakabhaka sethu sibonakale siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isikhathi esiningi.
Pero si quieres saber más a detalle de por qué el cielo es azul , a continuación te contamos el fundamento cientÃfico un poco más completo, además de otras curiosidades.
Ukwakheka komoya womhlaba
Okokuqala, ake siqale ngesingeniso esifushane mayelana nokwakheka komkhathi woMhlaba, njengoba ukwakheka kwawo kuthonya umbala wesibhakabhaka esisibonayo.
Umkhathi ungqimba olungaphandle nolulula kakhulu lweplanethi yethu, olwakhiwe amagesi ahlukahlukene ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Lawa magesi abalulekile kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Umkhathi uqukethe nezinto eziqinile ezilengayo kanye noketshezi, kokubili okwenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi okuvela emisebenzini yabantu. Amagesi akha umkhathi afaka i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide, i-argon, amagesi amahle, i-methane, i-hydrogen, i-nitrous oxide, i-carbon monoxide, i-ozone, umhwamuko wamanzi, kanye nama-aerosols. Ngezansi, sizoxoxa ngezinye zezona ezibaluleke kakhulu.
I-nitrogen
I-nitrogen yakha cishe u-4/5 womkhathi ; ingxenye eseleyo engu-1/5 iyi-argon. I-nitrogen iyisakhi somkhathi ngobuningi.
I-nitrogen iyisici esibalulekile ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi ; ingenye yamagesi amaningi kakhulu emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zimunca cishe u-1% walesi sici ngoba i-nitrogen iyigesi engashi futhi kunzima ukuyihlanganisa namanye amagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka amabhaktheriya athile ukuze aphule la ma-molecule e-nitrogen ukuze izitshalo ziwasebenzise.
Oxygen
Yinto yesibili eningi kakhulu endaweni yonke . Yakha u-21% womthamo wegesi; noma kunjalo, ibalulekile futhi kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuze ziphefumule futhi zikhule. Ukuba khona kwayo kuyadingeka ukuze kwenzeke zonke izinqubo zokusha.
I-oksijini iyisakhi samakhemikhali esibalulekile kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo . Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yawo wonke ama-molecule kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ayi-oksijini. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi i-oksijini ihlangane nezinye izakhi ukuze kwakhiwe ama-molecule amasha.
Isikhutha
I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) ingenye yamagesi amaningi asemkhathini. Isilinganiso sayo emkhathini singahluka kuye ngesikhathi nendawo. I-CO2 ikhiqizwa ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuphefumula kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokushiswa kwamafutha angaphansi komhlaba . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-photosynthesis ezitshalweni nasezilwandle inganciphisa lokhu.
Ngaphambi kweNguquko Yezimboni, kwakunezingxenye ezingu-280 ngesigidi se-carbon dioxide emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, amazinga ale gesi yokushisa akhuphuke kakhulu eminyakeni edlule ngenxa yokulahlekelwa impilo yezitshalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, izingxenye ezingu-410 ngesigidi se-carbon dioxide zisemoyeni njengamanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izici ze-atrophic zingaphezu kwengxenye yezingxenye ezingu-410 ngesigidi emoyeni.
UMethane
Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sezimboni, umkhathi wethu wawuqukethe cishe u-200% we-methane owuqukethe namuhla. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi umkhathi wamanje womkhathi we-methane ucishe ube izingxenye ezimbili esigidini ngasinye.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon dioxide, umphumela we-methane wokushisa unamandla ngokuphindwe ka-25 . Ngeshwa, umphumela we-carbon dioxide emoyeni ungamaphesenti angu-17 kuphela engqikithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umphumela we-CO02 mkhulu kakhulu uma amazinga aphansi ehla.
Ozone
I-ozone yakha ungqimba oluvikelayo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet yelanga . Ngaphandle kwe-ozone, imisebe yelanga ibingabhubhisa konke okuphilayo emhlabeni. Ungqimba lwe-ozone luyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile futhi luyahlukahluka kuye ngokuphakama kanye ne-latitude. Ngokuvamile luphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 nama-35 ukuphakama.
I-Aerosoles
Ama-aerosol ahileleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwama-nuclei okujiya , abalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamafu. Aphinde abe nomthelela ekungcoleni komoya ngenxa yokuba khona kwawo emkhathini. Amanye ahlukaniswa njengezinhlayiya ezimanzi noma eziqinile ezilengayo. Imithombo yama-aerosol ihlanganisa izinto eziphilayo, izinhlayiya zothuli, intuthu, umlotha, kanye namakristalu kasawoti. Izinqubo ezithile zemvelo nazo zingadala ama-aerosol, njengokunyakaza kwamagagasi olwandle.
Kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza?
Uthingo luqukethe yonke imibala yokukhanya kwelanga. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubonakala kumhlophe, kodwa empeleni yiyo yonke imibala yothingo.
I-prism iyikristalu enomumo oyingqayizivele, futhi lapho ukukhanya okumhlophe kudlula kuyo, ihlukanisa ukukhanya kuyo yonke imibala yayo.
I-NASA inesigaba kuwebhusayithi yayo sabantwana esibizwa ngokuthi " Izwe Lamafasitela Omlingo . " Sichaza ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokukhanya ezisizungezile, ngale kwalokho esingakubona.
Ezinye izibani zihamba ngamagagasi amafushane kanti ezinye izibani zihamba ngamagagasi amade. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhamba ngamaza amafushane futhi ukukhanya okubomvu kuhamba ngamagagasi amade. Ukukhanya nakho kuhamba ngamagagasi, njengamandla azungeza amagagasi olwandle.
Ngaphandle uma ukukhanya kudlula entweni, kuhamba ngomugqa oqondile. Uma idlula entweni, enye yezinto ezilandelayo ingenzeka ekukhanyeni:
- Lokho bonisa: njengezibuko zibonisa izinto noma ichibi libonisa isibhakabhaka.
- Lokho kabili: njengama-prism nezinye izinto ezichezukisa ukukhanya.
- Lokho baxoshe: into efanayo eyenzekayo ngamagesi atholakala emkhathini.
Umkhathi womhlaba ugcwele amagesi nezinhlayiya, ezisakaza ukukhanya kuzo zonke izinhlangothi njengoba kungena emkhathini. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okufinyelela eMhlabeni kuhlakazeke kakhulu kuneminye imibala ngoba kushayisana nama-molecule amancane emkhathini futhi ngenxa yokuthi ubude bawo bamaza bufushane futhi buncane. Esikhathini esiningi, singabona isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Uma ilanga liphansi emkhathizwe, isibhakabhaka sibonakala simhlophe noma siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo . Ukukhanya okuhambe ngamamitha amaningi omoya kuhlakazekile futhi kwaphambukiswa ama-molecule omoya izikhathi eziningi. Ubuso bomhlaba nabo bubonakalise futhi basakaze ukukhanya. Lapho yonke le mibala ihlangana futhi, sibona okumhlophe kakhulu futhi kungaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kangako.
Uma isibhakabhaka sibukeka siluhlaza, kungani ukushona kwelanga kubomvu?
Njengoba iLanga lishona phansi esibhakabhakeni, likhanya ezingxenyeni eziningi zomkhathi, lihlakaza okuningi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukukhanya okubomvu nokuphuzi kudlula ngaphandle kokunyakaza, futhi sikubona ngamehlo ethu.
Sinjani umbala wesibhakabhaka ku-Mars?
Ukushona kwelanga ku-Mars
I-Mars inomoya omncane oqukethe isikhutha futhi ugcwele izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane. Umkhathi usakaza ukukhanya ngokwehlukile kunomkhathi woMhlaba, owenziwe ngamagesi kanye nezinhlayiya zothuli ezinkulu.
Kule planethi, isibhakabhaka siphenduka sibe orenji noma sibe bomvu emini bese siba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemva kokushona kwelanga . I-NASA inezithombe ezibonisa lokhu ezivela ezinqoleni zayo zokugibela izindiza kanye nezindiza ezithwala izindiza.
